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991.
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Diana M. Mitrea Bappaditya Chandra Mylene C. Ferrolino Eric B. Gibbs Michele Tolbert Michael R. White Richard W. Kriwacki 《Journal of molecular biology》2018,430(23):4773-4805
Membrane-less organelles are cellular structures which arise through the phenomenon of phase separation. This process enables compartmentalization of specific sets of macromolecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids), thereby regulating cellular processes by increasing local concentration, and modulating the structure and dynamics of their constituents. Understanding the connection between structure, material properties and function of membrane-less organelles requires inter-disciplinary approaches, which address length and timescales that span several orders of magnitude (e.g., Ångstroms to micrometer, picoseconds to hours). In this review, we discuss the wide variety of methods that have been applied to characterize the morphology, rheology, structure and dynamics of membrane-less organelles and their components, in vitro and in live cells. 相似文献
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994.
Francesco Giangreco Siegfried Höfinger Evangelos Bakalis Francesco Zerbetto 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2018,1862(9):1956-1963
Background
High levels of blood cholesterol are conventionally linked to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (Grundy, 1986). Here we examine the molecular mode of action of natural products with known cholesterol-lowering activity, such as for example the green tea ingredient epigallocatechin gallate and a short pentapeptide, Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys.Methods
Molecular Dynamics simulations are used to gain insight into the formation process of mixed micelles and, correspondingly, how active agents epigallocatechin gallate and Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys could possibly interfere with it.Results
Self-assembly of physiological micelles occurs on the order of 35–50?ns; most of the structural properties of mixed micelles are unaffected by epigallocatechin gallate or Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys which integrate into the micellar surface; the diffusive motion of constituting lipids palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol is significantly down-regulated by both epigallocatechin gallate and Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys;Conclusions
The molecular mode of action of natural compounds epigallocatechin gallate and Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys is a significant down-regulation of the diffusive motion of micellar lipids.General significance
Natural compounds like the green tea ingredient epigallocatechin gallate and a short pentapeptide, Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys, lead to a significant down-regulation of the diffusive motion of micellar lipids thereby modulating cholesterol absorption into physiological micelles. 相似文献995.
996.
Aggressive mimicry of the cleaner wrasse by Aspidontus taeniatus functions mainly for small blennies
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Misaki Fujisawa Yoichi Sakai Tetsuo Kuwamura 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2018,124(6):432-439
The mimic blenny Aspidontus taeniatus Quoy & Gaimard is well known for its resemblance to the juvenile and adult cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes) in colour and shape. As various reef fishes including piscivores actively approach the cleaner wrasse to solicit cleaning by posing, two types of benefits have been suggested for this resemblance, that is, protective mimicry and aggressive mimicry. In aggressive mimicry, the mimic blenny is supposed to have considerable opportunities to bite the fin of deceived fishes when they pose, but some studies have confirmed that fin biting does not seem to be the main feeding tactic in the blenny in nature. Here, we examined the feeding tactics including fin biting by the mimic blenny in relation to its body size in a field observational survey in the coral reefs of Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan. The blenny was observed feeding mainly on four food items: the tentacles of Christmas tree worms, the mantle edges of boring clams, the demersal eggs in damselfishes’ nests and the fins of fishes. The feeding frequency by fin biting significantly decreased with body size, while that by egg predation significantly increased with body size of the blenny. When predating on eggs, the blenny was vigorously attacked by egg‐guarding fish, but often succeeded in raiding their nests by forming a feeding group. When feeding by fin biting, the blenny attacked prey fish without performing any cleaning. The ratio of fin biting was considerably higher in small‐sized blennies, suggesting reliance on this feeding tactic because of a difficulty in conducting a risky egg predation. Thus, our results suggest that the mimic blenny utilizes aggressive mimicry only when it is small as an alternative feeding tactic. 相似文献
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Shilpa Dutta Osbaldo Lopez Charcas Samuel Tanner Frédéric Gradek Virginie Driffort Sébastien Roger Katri Selander Sadanandan E. Velu Wayne Brouillette 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2018,26(9):2428-2436
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) are a well-established drug target for anti-epileptic, anti-arrhythmic and pain medications due to their presence and the important roles that they play in excitable cells. Recently, their presence has been recognized in non-excitable cells such as cancer cells and their overexpression has been shown to be associated with metastatic behavior in a variety of human cancers. The neonatal isoform of the VGSC subtype, Nav1.5 (nNav1.5) is overexpressed in the highly aggressive human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. The activity of nNav1.5 is known to promote the breast cancer cell invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo, and its expression in primary mammary tumors has been associated with metastasis and patient death. Metastasis development is responsible for the high mortality of breast cancer and currently there is no treatment available to specifically prevent or inhibit breast cancer metastasis. In the present study, a 3D-QSAR model is used to assist the development of low micromolar small molecule VGSC blockers. Using this model, we have designed, synthesized and evaluated five small molecule compounds as blockers of nNav1.5-dependent inward currents in whole-cell patch-clamp experiments in MDA-MB-231 cells. The most active compound identified from these studies blocked sodium currents by 34.9?±?6.6% at 1?μM. This compound also inhibited the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells by 30.3?±?4.5% at 1?μM concentration without affecting the cell viability. The potent small molecule compounds presented here have the potential to be developed as drugs for breast cancer metastasis treatment. 相似文献