江西蕨类植物新记录

报道了10种新记录蕨类植物,包括仙霞铁线蕨、光脚短肠蕨、阔片短肠蕨、毛柄短肠蕨、粤紫萁、广东团扇蕨、雨蕨、顶果膜蕨、线羽凤尾蕨、舌蕨等,其中包括江西新记录科雨蕨科和极度濒危的珍稀蕨类植物粤紫萁.引用的标本均存放于湖南科技大学标本馆(HUST).     

Range size and its ecological correlates among the pteridophytes of Carrasco National Park, Bolivia

Aim To identify the factors determining the range size of pteridophytes (ferns and allied plants) in an Andean region. Location Humid eastern Andean slope in Carrasco National Park, Bolivia. Methods I used a macroecological approach to search for correlations of range size to elevation, habitat type, life form, reproductive strategy, the species’ elevational range, and its frequency, among the 473 pteridophyte species recorded in the park. Results Range sizes were smallest at 1800–3500 m elevation and in localized habitats with little disturbance (ravines, ridges), while regularly disturbed habitats (pastures, roadsides) supported widespread species. Families and genera differed with respect to the range sizes of their species, but this pattern was not correlated to any other studied factor and could not be explained. Species with restricted ranges tended to be more frequent in the study area than widespread species. Widespread species tended to have large elevational ranges, implying that they are ecologically more adaptable than localized species. There was no relationship of range size to life form or to the studied reproductive aspects (sexual vs. asexual reproduction, chlorophyllous vs. achlorophyllous spores). Conclusions The above trends were mostly uncorrelated and explained a rather small portion of the observed range size variance. Thus, it is not yet possible to draw a cohesive picture of the factors determining pteridophyte range size. Intriguing questions for future research include the relationship of range size to dispersal, competitive ability, and taxonomic affinity.     

蕨类植物配子体发育的研究

研究了福建观音座莲、华南紫萁、粗齿紫萁、粗齿桫椤、溪边凤尾蕨、娱蚣草、狭翅铁角蕨、乌毛蕨等21种庆类植物的配子体发育过程。结果如下：(1)对孢子和配子体性状的UPG—MA法聚类分析结果表明,秦仁昌分类系统中亲缘关系近的种类在孢子和配子体性状方面相似性也高,但也有少数例外的情况;(2)蕨类植物的配子体发育有许多共性,但也存在许多不同点;(3)配子体发育中出现的某些性状是稳定的,可以作为分类的依据。     

江西省2种蕨类植物新记录

通过对九连山的蕨类植物多样性调查,报道江西省蕨类植物新记录两种,即百越凤尾蕨(Pteris fauriei Hieron.var.chinensis Ching et S.H.Wu)和百山祖双盖蕨[Diplazium baishanzuense(Ching&P.S.Chiu)Z.R.He]。凭证标本保存于江西省九连山国家级自然保护区管理局植物标本室(JNR)。     

Vertical distribution of Hymenophyllaceae species among host tree microhabitats in a temperate rain forest in Southern Chile

Question: Are differences in microhabitat preferences of co‐occurring epiphytic Hymenophyllaceae species (filmy ferns) correlated with differences in ecophysiological responses to light availability and humidity in the host tree? Location: The Andean foothills in south‐central Chile. Methods: We evaluated the distribution pattern of nine filmy fern species in microhabitats that differ in light availability and humidity in four host tree species. A DCA was developed to assess Hymenophyllaceae species microhabitat preference in terms of canopy openness (CO) and relative humidity. We assessed whether differences in chlorophyll content, maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic capacity (A_max), evapotranspiration (E) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) are consistent with any pattern. Results: CO and relative humidity differed significantly with height in the host trees. While CO increased with height in a host tree, relative humidity decreased. DCA analysis showed that filmy fern species distribution within and among trees was mainly explained by the relative humidity of the microhabitat. Chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, A_max and E differed significantly among filmy fern species. A_max and E were correlated with axis 1 scores from the DCA analysis. Conclusions: The vertical distribution and abundance of filmy fern species in Chilean temperate rain forest seems to be closely related to the different microhabitats offered by host trees. This pattern may reflect interspecific differences in ecophysiological traits related both to light availability and humidity. Our results suggest that humidity is the main environmental factor driving functional responses and habitat preferences of these filmy fern species.     

A re-evaluation of plants referred to as Pteridiutn herediae (Colmeiro) Love & Kjellqvist

SHEFFIELD, E., WOLF, P. G., HAUFLER, C. H., RANKER, T. A. & JERMY, A. C, 1989. Are-evaluation of plants referred to as Pteridiutn herediae (Colmeiro) Love & Kjellqvist. Based on perceived differences in morphology, chromosome number and habitat, specimens of Pteridiutn from southern Spain have been segregated by previous authors as a species distinct from Pteridium aquilinum , and called Pteridium herediae. However, type specimens of this taxon cannot be found. New collections of Pteridium from similar habitats in the area were examined and analysed in the present study and the results compared with those from British plants (P. aquilinum). The Spanish plants were not found to differ significantly from P. aquilinum morphologically, and all yielded chromosome counts (sporophytes, 104; gametophytes, 52) considered typical for the genus. Genotype frequency data obtained from isozyme electrophoresis of Spanish and British Pteridium yielded a genetic identity of 0.86; well within intraspecific distances found in other ferns.
These data indicate that there are currently no grounds for accepting that a form of Pteridium , distinguishable from P. aquilinum on the basis of differences in morphology, chromosome number, habitat or biochemistry, exists on the limestone soils of the Sierra de Cazorla region of southern Spain.     

Species-specific kaempferol derivatives in ferns of the appalachian Asplenium complex

A series of kaempferol derivatives have been identified in fronds of three parental species of the Appalachian Asplenium complex. Asplenium platyneuron is characterised by the presence of the 7-glucoside of kaempferol 3,4′-dimethyl ether and also contains kaempferol 3,7-diglucoside, free and with an aliphatic acyl attachment. By contrast, A. rhizophyllum contains a remarkable caffeoyl complex of kaempferol glycosides, which appears to be chromatographically homogenous. However, on deacylation, the complex yields caffeic acid and the 7-glucoside, 3,7-diglucoside, 3-sophoroside-7-glucoside and 7,4′-diglucoside of kaempferol. Asplenium montanum, in addition to having previously characterised glycosylxanthones, has two further kaempferol derivatives. It has been confirmed that these various species specific flavonoids are inherited in an additive fashion in three interspecific hybrids.     

A new species of Diplazium (Woodsiaceae) from Ecuador

A new species ofDiplazium,D. lellingeri from Ecuador, is described and illustrated.

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Resumen  Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie deDiplazium de Ecuador,D. lellingeri.

     

Partial mycoheterotrophy is common among chlorophyllous plants with Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza

Background and AimsAn arbuscular mycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis with plants as carbon providers for fungi. However, achlorophyllous arbuscular mycorrhizal species are known to obtain carbon from fungi, i.e. they are mycoheterotrophic. These species all have the Paris type of arbuscular mycorrhiza. Recently, two chlorophyllous Paris-type species proved to be partially mycoheterotrophic. In this study, we explore the frequency of this condition and its association with Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhiza.MethodsWe searched for evidence of mycoheterotrophy in all currently published ¹³C, ²H and ¹⁵N stable isotope abundance patterns suited for calculations of enrichment factors, i.e. isotopic differences between neighbouring Paris- and Arum-type species. We found suitable data for 135 plant species classified into the two arbuscular mycorrhizal morphotypes.Key ResultsAbout half of the chlorophyllous Paris-type species tested were significantly enriched in ¹³C and often also enriched in ²H and ¹⁵N, compared with co-occurring Arum-type species. Based on a two-source linear mixing model, the carbon gain from the fungal source ranged between 7 and 93 % with ferns > horsetails > seed plants. The seed plants represented 13 families, many without a previous record of mycoheterotrophy. The ¹³C-enriched chlorophyllous Paris-type species were exclusively herbaceous perennials, with a majority of them thriving on shady forest ground.ConclusionsSignificant carbon acquisition from fungi appears quite common and widespread among Paris-type species, this arbuscular mycorrhizal morphotype probably being a pre-condition for developing varying degrees of mycoheterotrophy.