首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   11431篇
  免费   1457篇
  国内免费   948篇
  2024年   21篇
  2023年   288篇
  2022年   138篇
  2021年   370篇
  2020年   536篇
  2019年   609篇
  2018年   461篇
  2017年   521篇
  2016年   526篇
  2015年   548篇
  2014年   548篇
  2013年   736篇
  2012年   419篇
  2011年   474篇
  2010年   394篇
  2009年   567篇
  2008年   579篇
  2007年   565篇
  2006年   495篇
  2005年   451篇
  2004年   347篇
  2003年   332篇
  2002年   327篇
  2001年   339篇
  2000年   302篇
  1999年   301篇
  1998年   262篇
  1997年   200篇
  1996年   223篇
  1995年   189篇
  1994年   184篇
  1993年   169篇
  1992年   154篇
  1991年   153篇
  1990年   134篇
  1989年   123篇
  1988年   95篇
  1987年   97篇
  1986年   103篇
  1985年   120篇
  1984年   91篇
  1983年   31篇
  1982年   78篇
  1981年   54篇
  1980年   48篇
  1979年   46篇
  1978年   32篇
  1977年   18篇
  1976年   14篇
  1973年   7篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
111.
Distributional and feeding relationships of harpacticoid copepods and their microbial prey were examined in a tidal channel at Great Sippewissett Marsh. A horizontal zonation of photosynthetic microorganisms was composed of: 1) a diatom area; 2) a purple sulfur bacterial (Thiocapsa sp.) area; and 3) a clear area. Four species of harpacticoid copepods were associated with given areas. Leptocaris brevicornis occurred in very high densities in the diatom area but in relatively low densities in other areas. Mesochra lilljeborgi occurred in significantly higher densities in the purple and clear areas.Feeding experiments, using resident microbial flora labelled with NaH14CO3 and 3H-thymidine, were conducted to determine which foods are 1) ingested but simply pass through the gut and 2) ingested, and retained. These experiments indicated that L. brevicornis ingested diatoms and the heterotrophs associated with the diatoms, but only retained the heterotrophic portion. Microscopic examination indicated that diatoms were passed out intact in feces. Oscillatoria sp. (cyanobacterium) was not ingested. Mesochra lilljeborgi ingested Spirulina sp. (cyanobacterium), Thiocapsa sp., and the heterotrophs associated with Thiocapsa but only retained the Thiocapsa label.These data for harpacticoids suggest that spatial distributions of meiofauna may be closely coupled with microbial food organisms which they consume. Also, that while several microbial foods may be ingested, only certain microbes are digested and assimilated as a food resource, further indicating the complexity of feeding relationships among the meiofauna.  相似文献   
112.
藏马鸡(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)的繁殖生态研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
藏马鸡是典型高山地牺雉类,见于海拔3,500—3,900米的针叶林带。自4月中至7月底为繁殖期。一“夫”配一“妻”。营巢于海拔3,544—3,790米的岩洞、灌丛中或倒木下。共发现4巢,3巢已被破坏,成功率25%。近年来,由于过渡砍伐森林,天敌的伤害,自身弱点(繁殖率低,成熟期长(3年左右)以及其他因素,藏马鸡的数量日趋减少,正面临绝种的厄运。必须及时地采取有效保护措施。  相似文献   
113.
Effects of several population densities ofMeloidogyne incognita on the sweet potato cultivars Centennial (susceptible) and Jasper (moderately resistant) were studied. Field plots were infested with initial levels (Pi) of 0, 10, 100, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 eggs and juveniles/500 cm³ soil in 1980 and 0, 100, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 in 1981. M. incognita population development trends were similar on both cultivars; however, at high Pi, more eggs and juveniles were recovered from Centennial than from Jasper. The highest Pi did not result in the highest mid-season (Pm) counts. Pi was negatively correlated with the number of marketable roots and root weight but positively correlated with total cracked roots, percentage of cracked roots, and cracking severity. Jasper tolerated higher Pi with greater yields and better root quality than Centennial. Cracking of fleshy roots occurred with both cultivars at low Pi.  相似文献   
114.
115.
Summary A newly developed, serum-free medium (NYSF-404) selects for antibody-producing hybridomas after fusion of antigen-sensitized mouse spleen cells with myeloma cell lines P3-X63-Ag8-U1 (P3-U1), P3-X63-Ag8-6.5.3 (Ag8.653), or P3-NSI/1-Ag4-1 (NS-1). Without the need for hypoxanthine-aminopterinthymidine (HAT) selection of hybrid cells, frequency of hybridoma formation in medium NYSF-404 is higher (twice) than that in serum- and HAT-containing medium. Colonies developed upon limiting dilution in the presence of the mortal parent myeloma cells in medium NYSF-404 and pure culture of antibody-secreting cells could be subsequently established. The results suggest that fusions can be done in serum-free medium and that the clonal growth of hybridomas is dependent on factors produced by parent myeloma cells under serum-free culture conditions. Such factors seem deficient in serum- and HAT-containing medium or are masked by serum.  相似文献   
116.
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis incorporated the fluorescent dye, Rhodamine B, while feeding in vivo. Uptake of dye in both sexes of helminth increased linearly from 30 to 120 min after the hosts were given dye per os. Feeding by female N. brasiliensis significantly exceeded that of the male at 4 and 5 days postinfection. Feeding declined in older helminths of both sexes. The density of helminths had no effect on their incorporation of dye in vivo. Feeding in male- and female-only groups of worms was similar to that seen in populations of mixed sexes. Feeding by helminths decreased during the first 36 h of food deprivation in the host, but increased during subsequent fasting of the host. Both sexes of N. brasiliensis resumed feeding within 15 min after the fasted hosts were fed. Growth of N. brasiliensis increased linearly from 4 to 7 days postinfection, based on dry weight. Seven-day-old and older females were significantly heavier than males.  相似文献   
117.
Host-parasite relationships of Pratylenchus zeae and Quinisulcius acutus, alone or in combination, were studied on sorghum in the greenhouse and laboratory. Q. acutus at 1,000 or 5,000 nematodes per 15-cm-d pot and P. zeae at 500 nematodes per pot significantly suppressed plant height and fresh and oven dry shoot and root weights. A mixture of 1,000 Q. acutus and 500 P. zeae per pot resulted in greatest suppression of growth. Roots of plants inoculated with Q. acutus alone were reduced in number and size and showed lesions and discoloration. Reproduction of this nematode 42 days after inoculation was much greater in treatments of 100 or 1,000 than 5,000 nematodes. The population density of the two species at 6 weeks after inoculation was significantly less when combined than for each species alone. When the two species were combined, reproduction of P. zeae was greater than that of Q. acutus, but the final populations per gram of root weight were the same. Q. acutus fed ectoparasitically on epidermal cells of sorghum roots in the zone of elongation and differentiation when observed under in vitro conditions.  相似文献   
118.
Summary The distribution of nematophagous fungi in soil collected from a deciduous woodland is compared to various biotic and abiotic soil factors. The microfungi are isolated at all depths down to a maximum of 35 cm. Predators forming constricting rings, adhesive branches and adhesive knobs are restricted to the upper litter and humus layers. The net forming predators and endoparasites are isolated at all depths, although they are significantly more abundant in the lower mineral rich soils. A much greater species diversity of nematophagous fungi is recorded in the upper organic zones.Preliminary soil analysis indicates thatCephalosporium balanoides is independent of all soil variables, while predators able to form traps spontaneously are restricted to the organic soils which are rich in nematodes. Non-spontaneous trap forming predators, which are excellent saprophytes, are isolated from the deeper soils which are low in nutrients. The ecological significance of these results is discussed.  相似文献   
119.
Bayberry whitefly (Parabemisia myricae [Kuwana]) crawlers were placed on young and mature lemon leaves and were allowed 7–9 days to settle. Afterwards, the nymphs were fixed and sectioned in situ on the leaves and the area of leaf under each whitefly was examined at 1 000 x for stylet penetration. Both stylets and stylet tracks were readily visible in the sections. The path of penetration was mostly intercellular and the objective appeared to be the phloem. Passage of the stylets through the plant tissue did not cause detectable damage to most cells; however, damaged plant cells occasionally were noticed. Nymphs that had moulted during the 7–9 day settling period reached the phloem significantly more often than those that were still in their first instar. In each of the three replicates, penetration in the mature leaf occurred significantly less often than penetration in the young leaf (4% vs. 72%, p<0.01, 2). Penetration appears to be inhibited in the mature leaf either by the leaf cuticle or by factors detected by the nymphs after very shallow penetration into the leaf. The cuticle of mature leaves was much thicker than the cuticle of young leaves and may have been a barrier to stylet penetration.
Résumé Des larves de premier stade (avant la fixation) de l'aleurode, Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana), ont été placées, pour qu'elles se fixent, pendánt 2 à 9 jours, sur des feuilles jeunes ou mûres de citronnier. Des morceaux de feuilles avec des larves fixées ont été trempés dans 2% d'agar; ce procédé a permis de maintenir les larves à leurs sites de fixation finale. Des pièces d'agar contenant les morceaux de feuilles avec les larves ont ensuite été trempées dans de la paraffine, et sectionnées en séries de 10 . Il était nécessaire de maintenir une basse température pendant l'opération afin d'obtenir de bonnes sections des feuilles mûres durcies. Les stylets et leurs traces étaient faciles à voir dans les sections teintées aux safranins, et fast green. Presque toutes les traces des stylets étaient intercellulaires et leur destination semblaient être de phloème. En général, la plupart des cellules ne semblaient pas endommagées, les larves qui avaient mué pendant la période de 7 à 9 jours de fixation avaient atteint significantivement plus le phloeme que les larves du premier stade. Dans trois essais, la pénétration des feuilles mûres était significativement moins fréquente que celle des feuilles jeunes (p<0.01, 2).La pénétration dans des feuilles mûres semble être empêchée par la cuticule ou par des facteurs perçus par les nymphes après une pénétration superficielle. La cuticule des feuilles mûres était beaucoup plus épaisse que la cuticule des jeunes feuilles et pourrait donc représenter une barrière à la pénétration des stylets.
  相似文献   
120.
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes salivate during intradermal probing of vertebrate prey before ingesting blood (Griffiths and Gordon 1952). Nonsalivating mosquitoes locate blood more slowly; this difference was ascribed to an anti-platelet activity found in the mosquito's saliva (Ribeiro et al. 1984). Mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium gallinaceum suffer pathology that specifically impairs saliva anti-hemostatic activity but without reducing volume of output (Rossignol et al. 1984). The complexity of the feeding apparatus of mosquitoes provides opportunity for a variety of strategies in which pathogens may produce specific lesions that enhance their transmission, but the variables that affect the duration of probing by mosquitoes have not been defined. We sought to resolve this complexity by identifying and quantifying relevant parameters of probing behavior. Mosquitoes thrust their mouthparts repeatedly through their host's skin while searching for blood. Female A. aegypti thrust at 7-sec intervals. If this search results in success, feeding ensues. Alternatively, the mosquito "desists," the mouthparts stylets are withdrawn, and the mosquito attempts to feed at another site. Even after previous desistance, the probability of finding blood remains undiminished. Functions for the probability of feeding success and desistance over time were derived using data from observations on 300 mosquitoes. The probability of feeding success was interpreted as being a function of the density of vessels in the skin, their geometric distribution, and the conditions locally affecting hemostasis. During each probe, the probability of desisting increased linearly with time, and after desisting once, mosquitoes tended to desist more rapidly. A model was developed incorporating Monte Carlo simulation which closely fit observed data. By changing values for the several parameters of the probability functions, we predicted modes in which parasites may manipulate their hosts to enhance transmission, both to and from the vector. In particular, parasite strategies in the vector would include induced salivary pathology; increased duration of probing thrusts; decreased desistance time; and inhibited phagoreception. Predicted parasite strategies in the reservoir host would include increased skin vascular volume and impaired host hemostasis. Our model supports the hypothesis of a mutualistic interaction of malaria and mosquitoes.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号