人胚DA能神经元移植于帕金森氏病猴模型的TH免疫细胞化学的研究

为了对人胚黑质ＤＡ神经元移植治疗ＰＤ人的临床应用作出客观评估,将８－１２周人胚黑质细胞移植到用ＭＰＴＰ诱发的偏侧ＰＤ猴新纹状体内。实验动物分别存活２个月、５个月和１年后,用ＴＨ免疫细胞化学方法对被移植的人胚ＤＡ细胞的存活和与宿主间的突触联系进行检查。在光镜下可见被移植侧的新纹状体内有ＴＨ阳性细胞,它们成小群散在分布,每小群有３－１０个细胞。ＴＨ阳性细胞的轴突延伸到整个新纹状体,树突呈现出正常发育过     

Mouse Offspring Derived from Fetal Ovaries or Reaggregates Which were Cultured and Transplanted into Adult Females

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) and gonia could be promising novel targets and vehicles for manipulation of the mammalian germ line. To make such manipulation a practical possibility, PGCs or gonia must be allowed to produce gametes and offspring after they were isolated from embryos and manipulated in culture. As the first step to develop such research strategy, we obtained offspring from mouse oogonia which were isolated from embryonic ovaries and cultured as dispersed cells before transplantation into female mice as reaggregates.     

Two relative efficiencies of polymorphic enzymes for characterizing cell lines,detecting contaminations,and monitoring transplants

Summary A new calculation of the relative efficiency of polymorphic enzyme markers, called the REB, was determined and compared with one of Fisher's determinations of the relative efficiency called REA here. The REA estimates the chance of failing, and 1-REA of succeeding, to show a phenotypic difference between two randomly selected persons or cultured cell lines (Case 1). In this study it was shown that the REA also estimates the chance of detecting a cell line mislabeling or similar mixup (Case 2) and a cell line cross-contamination leading to the complete replacement of an original line by contaminating line (Case 3). The new REB determines the probability of failing, and 1-REB of succeeding, to detect a contamination of an original line by another line leading to their coexistence, or at least a sufficiently long period of transitional coexistence before one overgrows the other. The REA and REB also apply to determining the efficiency of polymorphic markers in detecting donor and recipient cells in tissue transplants. This work was developed from the author's involvement in the human tumor cell-line characterization project at Sloan-Kettering Institute and he acknowledges this opportunity and the benefits of his association with Dr. J?rgen Fogh and colleagues in the Human Tumor Cell Laboratory.     

Observations on parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis in grazing calves: effect of low level feed incorporation of morantel in early season.

Pott J. M., Jones R. M. and Cornwell R. I. 1979. Observations on parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis in grazing calves: effect of low level feed incorporation of morantel in early season. International Journal for Parasitology9: 153–157. Twenty-four castrated Friesian calves were divided into two equal groups on a body weight basis and grazed separate halves of an infected pasture. One group was given 1.5 mg/kg per day morantel tartrate in the feed over a period extending from 2 weeks before turning out in early May to early July. The other group of calves received an equivalent amount of unmedicated food as controls. Pasture larval counts showed a similar pattern and level of infection from February to July on both pastures. This consisted of a fall from moderate winter levels to very low levels in April/July. The control pasture then showed a typical sharp rise in August to high levels extending through September and falling to moderate levels in October. The pasture being grazed by treated calves showed only a small rise in larval counts in August. The total pasture contamination was reduced by 85% compared with controls during August/October. Faecal egg and larval counts showed similar differences between treated and control calves. Mild clinical signs of parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis were seen in controls but not in the treated group. The latter had a weight gain advantage of 20.5 kg the difference becoming marked in the last month of the trial.     

Maladaptive innate immune training of myelopoiesis links inflammatory comorbidities

1. Download : Download high-res image (169KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Mucus-degrading Bacteroides link carbapenems to aggravated graft-versus-host disease

1. Download : Download high-res image (258KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Microbial Metabolite Signaling Is Required for Systemic Iron Homeostasis

1. Download : Download high-res image (173KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Mutual interplay between phytopathogenic powdery mildew fungi and other microorganisms

Powdery mildew is a common and widespread plant disease of considerable agronomic relevance. It is caused by obligate biotrophic fungal pathogens which, in most cases, epiphytically colonize aboveground plant tissues. The disease has been typically studied as a binary interaction of the fungal pathogen with its plant hosts, neglecting, for the most part, the mutual interplay with the wealth of other microorganisms residing in the phyllo- and/or rhizosphere and roots. However, the establishment of powdery mildew disease can be impacted by the presence/absence of host-associated microbiota (epi- and endophytes) and, conversely, plant colonization by powdery mildew fungi might disturb indigenous microbial community structures. In addition, other (foliar) phytopathogens could interact with powdery mildews, and mycoparasites may affect the outcome of plant–powdery mildew interactions. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the intricate and multifaceted interplay of powdery mildew fungi, host plants and other microorganisms, and outline current gaps in our knowledge, thereby setting the basis for potential future research directions.