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991.
A new method to measure and calculate light intensity and light quality simultaneously by using portable spectrometer 下载免费PDF全文
《植物生态学报》2015,39(9):917
The influence of light intensity and light quality on plants is highly concerned in the field of plant physiology and ecology. However, the calibrated quantum meter for measurement of light intensity cannot measure light quality, and vice versa. Here we developed an empirical formula to convert light energy to photon flux density, based on the measurement conditions of spectrometer. Under the guide of the formula, a portable spectrometer (AvaSpec-ULS2048×64) was calibrated by using four narrowband light emitting diode (LEDs) in combination with a calibrated quantum meter (LI-190SB). After calibration of the spectrometer, we can calculate photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD or PAR) and measure spectrum of radiation flux simultaneously. Under natural light conditions, the errors between measured and calculated PPFDs are in the range from -2% to 5%, indicating the reliability of the method. With this new approach, the application of portable spectrometer can be greatly broadened: 1) the light intensity and quality of light source and plant growth light environment can be obtained simultaneously, 2) PPFD can be obtained within any specified wavelength range, and 3) there is no need to use standard light source to obtain the absolute light/radiation flux of a spectrum measured by spectrometer. In conclusion, this method has potential applications for the study of plant physiology and ecology. 相似文献
992.
A label-free fluorescent DNA sensor for the detection of lead ions (Pb2+) based on lead(II)-stabilized G-quadruplex formation is proposed in this article. A guanine (G)-rich oligonucleotide, T30695, was used as a recognition probe, and a DNA intercalator, SYBR Green I (SG), was used as a signal reporter. In the absence of Pb2+, the SG intercalated with the single-stranded random-coil T30695 and emitted strong fluorescence. While in the presence of Pb2+, the random-coil T30695 would fold into a G-quadruplex structure and the SG could barely show weak fluorescence, and the fluorescence intensity was inversely proportional to the involving amount of Pb2+. Based on this, a selective lead ion sensor with a limit of detection of 3.79 ppb (parts per billion) and a detection range from 0 to 600 ppb was constructed. Because detection for real samples was also demonstrated to be reliable, this simple, low-cost, sensitive, and selective sensor holds good potential for Pb2+ detection in real environmental samples. 相似文献
993.
During our research on apelin receptor (APJ) signalling in living cells with BRET and FRET, we demonstrated that apelin-13 stimulation can lead to the activation of Gαi2 or Gαi3 through undergoing a molecular rearrangement rather than dissociation in HEK293 cells expressing APJ. Furthermore, Gαo and Gαq also showed involvement in APJ activation through a classical dissociation model. However, both FRET signal and BRET ratio between fluorescent Gαi1 subunit and Gβγ subunits demonstrated little change after apelin-13 stimulation. These results demonstrated that stimulation of APJ with apelin-13 causes activation of Gαi2, Gαi3, Gαo, Gαq; among which Gαi2, Gαi3 were activated through a novel rearrangement process. These results provide helpful data for understanding APJ mediated G-protein signalling. 相似文献
994.
Influenza virus assembles in the budozone, a cholesterol-/sphingolipid-enriched (“raft”) domain at the apical plasma membrane, organized by hemagglutinin (HA). The viral protein M2 localizes to the budozone edge for virus particle scission. This was proposed to depend on acylation and cholesterol binding. We show that M2–GFP without these motifs is still transported apically in polarized cells. Employing FRET, we determined that clustering between HA and M2 is reduced upon disruption of HA’s raft-association features (acylation, transmembranous VIL motif), but remains unchanged with M2 lacking acylation and/or cholesterol-binding sites. The motifs are thus irrelevant for M2 targeting in cells. 相似文献
995.
The use of hypothermia as a means to save energy is well documented in birds. This energy‐saving strategy is widely considered to occur exclusively at night in diurnally active species. However, recent studies suggest that facultative hypothermia may also occur during the day. Here, we document the use of daytime hypothermia in foraging Black‐capped Chickadees Poecile atricapillus wintering in eastern Canada. We measured the body temperature (Tb) of 126 individuals (plus 48 repeated measures) during a single winter and related values to ambient temperature (Ta) at the time of capture. We also tested whether daytime hypothermia was correlated with the size of body reserves (residuals of mass on structural size and fat score) and levels of metabolic performance (basal metabolic rate and maximum thermogenic capacity). We found that Tb of individual birds was lower when captured at low Ta, reaching values as low as 35.5 °C in actively foraging individuals. Tb was unrelated to metabolic performance or measures of body reserves. Therefore, daytime hypothermia does not result from individuals being unable to maintain Tb during cold spells or to a lack of body reserves. Our data also demonstrated a high level of individual variation in the depth of hypothermia, the causes of which remain to be explored. 相似文献
996.
J.A. Poveda A.M. GiudiciM.L. Renart M.L. MolinaE. Montoya A. Fernández-CarvajalG. Fernández-Ballester J.A. EncinarJ.M. González-Ros 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》2014
Ion channel conformational changes within the lipid membrane are a key requirement to control ion passage. Thus, it seems reasonable to assume that lipid composition should modulate ion channel function. There is increasing evidence that this implicates not just an indirect consequence of the lipid influence on the physical properties of the membrane, but also specific binding of selected lipids to certain protein domains. The result is that channel function and its consequences on excitability, contractility, intracellular signaling or any other process mediated by such channel proteins, could be subjected to modulation by membrane lipids. From this it follows that development, age, diet or diseases that alter lipid composition should also have an influence on those cellular properties. The wealth of data on the non-annular lipid binding sites in potassium channel from Streptomyces lividans (KcsA) makes this protein a good model to study the modulation of ion channel structure and function by lipids. The fact that this protein is able to assemble into clusters through the same non-annular sites, resulting in large changes in channel activity, makes these sites even more interesting as a potential target to develop lead compounds able to disrupt such interactions and hopefully, to modulate ion channel function. This Article is Part of a Special Issue Entitled: Membrane Structure and Function: Relevance in the Cell's Physiology, Pathology and Therapy. 相似文献
997.
998.
We have used time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) to characterize the interaction between phospholamban (PLB) and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-ATPase (SERCA) under conditions that relieve SERCA inhibition. Unphosphorylated PLB inhibits SERCA in cardiac SR, but inhibition is relieved by either micromolar Ca2+ or PLB phosphorylation. In both cases, it has been proposed that inhibition is relieved by dissociation of the complex. To test this hypothesis, we attached fluorophores to the cytoplasmic domains of SERCA and PLB, and reconstituted them functionally in lipid bilayers. TR-FRET, which permitted simultaneous measurement of SERCA–PLB binding and structure, was measured as a function of PLB phosphorylation and [Ca2+]. In all cases, two structural states of the SERCA–PLB complex were resolved, probably corresponding to the previously described T and R structural states of the PLB cytoplasmic domain. Phosphorylation of PLB at S16 completely relieved inhibition, partially dissociated the SERCA–PLB complex, and shifted the T/R equilibrium within the bound complex toward the R state. Since the PLB concentration in cardiac SR is at least 10 times that in our FRET measurements, we calculate that most of SERCA contains bound phosphorylated PLB in cardiac SR, even after complete phosphorylation. 4 μM Ca2+ completely relieved inhibition but did not induce a detectable change in SERCA–PLB binding or cytoplasmic domain structure, suggesting a mechanism involving structural changes in SERCA’s transmembrane domain. We conclude that Ca2+ and PLB phosphorylation relieve SERCA–PLB inhibition by distinct mechanisms, but both are achieved primarily by structural changes within the SERCA–PLB complex, not by dissociation of that complex. 相似文献
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1000.