The pollination system of the widely distributed mammal‐pollinated Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae) in the tropics

Although the pollinators of some plant species differ across regions, only a few mammal‐pollinated plant species have regional pollinator differences in Asia. Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae) is pollinated by squirrels, flying foxes, and macaques in subtropical and temperate islands. In this study, the pollination system of M. macrocarpa was identified in tropical Asia, where the genus originally diversified. This species requires “explosive opening” of the flower, where the wing petals must be pressed down and the banner petal pushed upward to fully expose the stamens and pistil. A bagging experiment showed that fruits did not develop in inflorescences (n = 66) with unopened flowers, whereas fruits developed in 68.7% of inflorescences (n = 131) with opened flowers. This indicated that the explosive opening is needed for the species to reproduce. Four potential pollinator mammals were identified by a video camera‐trap survey, and 78.3% and 60.1% of monitored inflorescences (n = 138) were opened by gray‐bellied squirrels (Callosciurus caniceps) and Finlayson's squirrels (C. finlaysonii), respectively, even though more than 10 mammal species visited flowers. Nectar was surrounded by the calyx, and the volume and sugar concentration of secreted nectar did not change during the day. This nectar secretion pattern is similar to those reported by previous studies in other regions. These results showed that the main pollinators of M. macrocarpa in the tropics are squirrels. However, the species' nectar secretion pattern is not specifically adapted to this particular pollinator. Pollinators of M. macrocarpa differ throughout the distribution range based on the fauna present, but there might not have been no distinctive changes in the attractive traits that accompanied these changes in pollinators.     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛术后相关并发症的临床分析

目的:总结面肌痉挛患者的术后并发症的发生情况并分析其原因。方法:回顾性分析了1548名在我院行微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的患者的临床资料,所有患者接受电话随访或者门诊随访,随访时间均超过2年,总结其临床疗效及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:微血管减压术后痊愈率及明显缓解率分别为92.5%及4.2%。249名(16.09%)患者出现不同的并发症,其中最常见的并发症为面瘫及术后手术区域皮肤感觉障碍,无死亡及重大并发症患者。听力损害发生率为3.5%。其他并发症包括脑脊液漏、后组颅神经损伤、外展神经损伤、颅内出血等。结论:微血管减压术是治疗面肌痉挛的安全有效操作,以手术区域感觉障碍及迟发性面瘫是主要的并发症,持久性的或者严重的并发症比较少见。     

后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术治疗成人型多囊肾的疗效观察

目的评价后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术治疗多囊肾的临床疗效。方法2005年1月至2009年12月期间,行后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术的ADPKD患者17例,于术后1月、6月进行随访,观察患者的腰腹部胀痛情况、血压、血清肌酐、GFR的变化。结果腰腹部胀痛、血压明显低于术前,但随着时间推移,效果有所减弱;血清肌酐、GFR无变化。结论对于单侧症状明显的多囊肾患者,行后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术能改善腰腹部胀痛及血压。     

Growth changes of eighteen herbaceous angiosperms induced by Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in soil

Study objectives were to describe and quantify growth responses (tolerance as shoot and root biomass accumulation) to soil-applied Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) treatments of eighteen terrestrial, herbaceous, angiospermous species and also; to determine how much of RDX, RDX transformation products, total N and RDX-derived N accumulated in the foliage. RDX altered growth of eighteen plant species or cultivars at levels of 100, 500, and 1,000 mg kg^?1dry soil in a 75-d greenhouse study. Sixteen species or cultivars exhibited growth inhibition while two were stimulated in growth by RDX. A maximum amount of foliar RDX in a subset of three plant species was 36.0 mg per plant in Coronilla varia. Foliar concentrations of transformation products of RDX were low relative to RDX in the subset of three species. The proportion of RDX-N with respect to total N was constant, suggesting that foliar RDX transformation did not explain differences in tolerance. There was a δ ¹⁵N shift towards that of synthetic RDX in foliage of the three species at a level of 1,000 mg kg^?1 RDX, proportional in magnitude to uptake of N from RDX and tolerance ranking.Reddened leaf margins for treated Sida spinosa indicate the potential of this species as a biosensor for RDX.     

髓芯减压联合自体骨髓间充质干细胞治疗45例股骨头无菌性坏死的临床疗效分析

目的：观察髓芯减压联合自体骨髓间充质干细胞治疗45例股骨头无菌性坏死的的临床效果及安全性。方法：采取随机原则对2011年11月至2012年3月期间在我院骨科住院治疗的54例患者分成两组,对照组接受髓芯减压治疗,治疗组接受髓芯减压联合自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗治疗。结果：术后随访一年,治疗组的Harris评分为（86．78±9．48）分,对照组为（71．18±8．36）分,两组相互比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗组的优良率为84．38％,对照组的优良率为55．17％,治疗组的优良率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：髓芯减压联合自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗股骨头无菌性坏死效果显著,优于单纯髓芯减压治疗。     

微创腰椎后路减压融合术与传统全椎板切除术治疗老年腰椎管狭窄的疗效对比分析

目的:对老年腰椎管狭窄的两种治疗方式,微创腰椎后路减压融合术和传统全椎板切除术的治疗疗效进行比较,以及研究其临床应用价值。方法:选取2009年7月至2013年1月来我院治疗的76例老年腰椎管狭窄症患者,其中43例采用微创腰椎后路减压融合术(A组),33例患者接受全椎板切除手术(B组)。对所有患者进行术后随访6个月~2年,平均随访时间1年零7个月。比较分析两组的手术情况、术后不良反应发生率及JOA评分情况。结果:A组的患者手术切口小,术中出血量少及住院时间缩短,并且较B组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者发生不良反应的情况差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者的JOA评分明显优于B组患者,说明A组疗效优于B组。结论:老年腰椎管狭窄患者采用微创腰椎后路减压融合手术方法创口小,术中出血量少,降低术后不良反应发生的风险,疗效明显,值得推广应用。     

右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻在腰椎管减压、椎弓根钉内固定植骨、融合术中的应用

目的:观察右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻在腰椎管减压、椎弓根钉内固定植骨融合术中的应用价值。方法:将2015年7月至2019年8月于我院手术治疗84例腰椎退行性疾病患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组42例。观察组于麻醉诱导前静脉泵入0.5μg/kg右美托咪定并在术中以0.2μg/kg·h麻醉维持,对照组于麻醉诱导前静脉泵入生理盐水。对比两组麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后(T1)、插管后1 min(T2)和5 min(T3)、拔管1 min(T4)和5 min(T5)的心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)的数值,同时记录患者的手术时间、苏醒时间、瑞芬太尼用量及12 h内吗啡用量。比较各时间点VAS评分及不良反应的发生率。结果:与T0比较,两组患者T1时HR、SBP、DBP均显著降低(P<0.05),与T1比较,两组患者T2、T3和T4时HR、SBP、DBP均显著升高(P<0.05),观察组在T3、T4和T5时HR、SBP、DBP均显著降低(P<0.05)。观察组患者各时间点VAS评分及瑞芬太尼用量和24 h吗啡用量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患者不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻能够维持术中血液动力学稳定,减少术中麻醉药物和术后镇痛药物用量,改善术后镇痛效果,且不良反应少。     

Biphasic effects of autophagy on decompression bubble‐induced endothelial injury

Endothelial dysfunction induced by bubbles plays an important role in decompression sickness (DCS), but the mechanism of which has not been clear. The present study was to investigate the role of autophagy in bubble‐induced endothelial injury. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with bubbles, autophagy markers and endothelial injury indices were determined, and relationship strengths were quantified. Effects of autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) were observed. Bubble contact for 1, 5, 10, 20 or 30 minutes induced significant autophagy with increases in LC3‐II/I ratio and Beclin‐1, and a decrease in P62, which correlated with bubble contact duration. Apoptosis rate, cytochrome C and cleaved caspase‐3 increased, and cell viability decreased following bubble contact for 10, 20 or 30 minutes, but not for 1 or 5 minutes. Injuries in HUVECs were correlated with LC3‐II/I ratio and partially reversed by 3‐MA in 10, 20 or 30 minutes contact, but worsened in 1 or 5 minutes. Bubble pre‐conditioning for 1 minutes resulted in increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis rate compared with no pre‐conditioning, and 30‐minutes pre‐conditioning induced opposing changes, all of which were inhibited by 3‐MA. In conclusion, autophagy was involved and played a biphasic role in bubble‐induced endothelial injury.     

微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛患者的临床效果分析

目的:探究微血管减压术(Microvascular decompression,MVD)治疗三叉神经痛(Trigeminal neuralgia,TN)患者的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年1月于我科经MVD治疗的TN患者,分析其预后及影响预后的相关因素。结果:120例TN患者中,单纯静脉压迫所致TN患者13例,单纯动脉压迫所致TN患者60例,混合性血管压迫所致TN患者46例。单纯静脉压迫患者术后1天、3月、1年、3年的缓解率分别为84.6%、76.9%、69.2%、61.5%。单纯动脉压迫患者为88.3%、85.0%、83.3%、70.0%。混合型压迫患者为93.5%、93.5%、91.3%、87.0%。A组患者术后1年、3年缓解率低于C组患者(P<0.05)。A组与B组、B组与C组术后1天、3月、1年缓解率比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05),但是C组术后3年缓解率显著高于B组(P<0.05)。结论:单纯静脉压迫TN患者MVD术后缓解率较单纯动脉压迫TN患者及混合性压迫TN患者低,混合性压迫TN患者长期缓解率最高。