杨,榆混交型林带生长调解试验研究

我国三北地区大面积农田防护林网主要为杨树林网,树种单一,容易造成病虫害蔓延。但由多树种组成的混交林网由于树种生长速度不同,造成树木群体生长参差不齐,而导致某些树木受压抑而不能正常生长甚至死亡,从而降低了林带的防护效益。为改变这一现状并建立起一整套混交...     

应用群分析研究薯蓣的分类

本文是应用群分析研究薯蓣属根状茎组中国分类群分类的一次尝试。分类特征取用了形态学、细胞学、花粉形态和生物化学等多方面的性状进行综合分析;方法和手段上使用了距离系数、相关系数等各种群分析运算方法,并且以综合系数进行评价。不仅取得了与传统分类基本一致的分类结果,为该组植物的系统分类提供富有启发性的参考,同时也为高等植物数量分类研究找到一种最优分类方法一相关系数UPGMA法。     

长学制医学微生物学实验教学体系构建

针对目前医学微生物学实验教学中的突出问题,从实验内容和实验教学手段等方面入手,探索建立一整套适用于七年制及长学制学生的实验课程教学体系,体现创新教育教学的理念.     

Different mechanisms explain feeding type-specific patterns of latitudinal variation in herbivore damage among diverse feeding types of herbivorous insects

To determine whether latitudinal variation in herbivore impact exists, we examined three major herbivorous insect feeding types (chewers, gallers, and miners) on/in leaves of Japanese beech. Herbivores were collected with litter traps deployed in forests across a latitudinal gradient of 10°. Leaf litter analyses demonstrated that chewing herbivory increased with increasing latitude of collection site. However, the densities of miners and gallers decreased with latitude. To test whether latitudinal variation in herbivore damage occurs in the absence of geographically differentiated environmental cueing (e.g., physical stresses or herbivore damage), we measured both genetically determined constitutive leaf traits and herbivore damage in a common-garden experiment. In this experiment, miner density decreased with latitude, but chewing herbivory did not vary latitudinally. Galler density was higher on trees from native provenances than on trees from unrelated provenances likely because of local adaptations. Leaf mass per unit area (LMA), tannin, and phenolics all decreased with latitude of provenance. The latitudinal variation in one constitutive leaf trait (LMA) best explained latitudinal variation in chewing herbivory. Thus, different mechanisms account for feeding type-specific patterns of latitudinal variation in herbivore damage among different herbivore feeding types.     

Does juvenile competition explain displacement of a native crayfish by an introduced crayfish?

The coldwater crayfish Orconectes eupunctus is endemic to the Spring and Eleven Point Rivers of Arkansas and Missouri, and appears to have been displaced from a portion of its range by the recently introduced ringed crayfish Orconectes neglectus. We examined competition among juveniles as a potential mechanism for this crayfish species displacement through laboratory and field experiments. Orconectes eupunctus juveniles survived and grew in stream cages in their former range, implicating biotic interactions rather than habitat degradation in the displacement. Laboratory experiments revealed O. neglectus juveniles were dominant in the presence of limited food, whereas size rather than species determined occupancy of limited shelter. In a field competition experiment using stream cages, O. neglectus juveniles did not inhibit growth or reduce survival of O. eupunctus juveniles. Consequently, laboratory evidence of O. neglectus dominance did not correspond with competition under field conditions. Combined with previous studies examining the effects of O. neglectus on O. eupunctus, these results suggest that competition may not be a factor in this crayfish species displacement. Alternate mechanisms for the apparent displacement of O. eupunctus by O. neglectus, such as differential predation or reproductive interference, should be investigated.     

应用多种教学方法,建设活跃的生物化学课程

生物化学授课过程中,教师通过丰富课堂资源、进行问题导向式教学、加强在线学习、建立多元化的课程考核方式及设定定时答疑制度等多种方法,激发学生学习兴趣,提升生物化学教学和学习效果,建设"笑起来""动起来"的活跃的课程。同学们普遍认为,生物化学课程内容充实有趣,教学形式多样,并且在课堂上学到了很多前沿知识。     

Oligochaetes and eutrophication; an experiment over four years in outdoor mesocosms

Eight experimental ditch mesocosms were used to study the effect of eutrophication over four years. The experimental ditches had a sand or clay bottom. The ditches were treated with additions of phosphorus, phosphorus and nitrogen, or without additions (controls). Oligochaetes were sampled by deploying trays with substratum for colonization over twenty weeks. Both the important variables phosphorus, nitrogen and oxygen as well as the oligochaete species and numbers are presented. The effects of nutrient additions on phosphorus, nitrogen and oxygen concentrations were described together with changes in oligochaete species composition and numbers. The results were further analyzed by redundancy analysis (RDA). In the clay-lined ditches nutrient addition coincided with fluctuation in oxygen concentration. The higher the nutrient addition levels the longer the period of oxygen depletion became. During oxygen depletion the number of oligochaetes was strongly reduced or even became zero. The low nutrient status of the sandy bed in the sand-lined ditches slowed down the rate of colonization. Only a few tubificids were collected. Eutrophication effects were only observed at the highest nutrient addition level. Considerable variation is attributed to stochastic factors in the sand-lined ditches. Whether oligochaete species were present was related to the length of the colonization period. The substratum composition and food together with oxygen regime decided whether they become more or less abundant in ditches. Large-scale mesocosm experiments require time to develop. Only after the first colonization period variables of species presences and abundances can be employed to detect changes associated with eutrophication. Oligochaetes can be used to measure colonization as well as eutrophication processes.     

反例微视频教学法在“微生物学实验”课程中的实践研究

"微生物学实验"是生物类相关专业的一门必修课程,该课程的开展对提高学生实验技能和理解微生物学知识原理至关重要。因此,不断探索和改进实验课程教学方法、减少学生的错误实验操作、提高实验课堂教学效率是任课教师的基本任务。反例微视频教学法是将传统的案例教学法、反例教学法和当下流行的微课程相结合的一种教学方法。本文阐述了该教学法的原理、基本操作流程、课堂应用效果和存在的问题。该教学法的实施能较好地提高实验课堂效率,大幅减少学生错误实验操作的次数,值得在本科生物类实验课堂中进行推广。     

有柄石韦总多酚含量测定及其超声提取工艺优化

为优选有柄石韦Pyrrosia petiolos中总多酚超声提取工艺,采用Folin-Ciocalteus比色法对总多酚进行含量测定,通过单因素和正交试验,对提取工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,没食子酸对照品在浓度为1～10 mg·L-1范围内,与吸光度呈良好线性关系（y=2.406x-0.012,R=0.9994）,有柄石韦总多酚的最佳提取工艺条件为：55%乙醇,料液比1∶10（W/V）,超声提取60 min,超声提取温度75℃,总多酚提取率为21.47 mg·g-1。