附属医院晋升高级专业技术职务医疗业务考核的探索与实践

对附属医院晋升医、教、研高级专业技术职务医疗业务考核工作的现状进行介绍、分析,提出并探讨现行考核评价体系中存在的问题及解决方案, 以确保考核结果的客观、公正和透明。     

A new endemic focus of Heterophyes nocens and other heterophyid infections in a coastal area of Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do

To know the prevalence of heterophyid trematodes among inhabitants of a southern coastal village, i.e., Sacho-ri, Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do (Province), 82 stool samples were examined on helminth eggs and protozoan cysts using Kato-Katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. Total 33 people (40.2%) were positive for trematodes (Heterophyes nocens 15 people, Pygidiopsis summa 3, Metagonimus sp.; 4, Clonorchis sinensis 7, Gymnophalloides seoi 6) and/or protozoa (Entamoeba coli 3). Among intestinal trematode egg positive cases, 17 were treated with praziquantel and their whole diarrheic stools were collected after purgation. Adult flukes of H. nocens (number of specimens = 1,294), P. summa (386), Stellantchasmus falcatus (5), Stictodora lari (4), and Heterophyopsis continua (1) were collected using a stereomicroscope. To know the source of human H. nocens infections in this village, metacercarial infections in mullets (10) were examined and most H. nocens metacercariae (101/105, 96.2%) were found in the trunk portion. From above results, the surveyed coastal village has been newly known as an endemic focus of human H. nocens infection and consuming raw mullets was the presumable source of human heterophyid infections.     

可手术乳腺癌基线检查研究现状

乳腺癌的治疗手段随临床分期不同而有很大差异,临床分期主要通过基线检查获得。常规的乳腺癌的相关基线检查主要有基本检查项目和备选检查项目。其中包括病史及体检、实验室检查、乳腺的影像学检查、病理检查及免疫组化、腹部及盆腔影像学检查、胸部影像学检查、骨扫描、脑核磁、PET/CT检查。这些检查是临床分期的基本依据,其中基本检查项目是所有乳腺癌患者必须采用的常规检查,而不同临床分期的乳腺癌所需要的备选检查项目却存在差别。手术治疗是乳腺癌治疗的主要手段,本文对可手术乳腺癌的基线检查及各项检查的临床应用情况做一综述。     

阴道镜检查在宫颈疾病诊断中的应用

目的:探讨阴道镜检查在宫颈病变诊断中的应用价值。方法:对我院2010年7月至2010年10月150例患者进行阴道镜检查,对镜下可疑宫颈病变110例患者病变处取活检送病理检查,将结果行分析总结。结果:110例宫颈病变中,阴道镜检查诊断慢性宫颈炎83例,不典型增生21例,宫颈癌6例;病理诊断慢性宫颈炎77例,不典型增生25例,宫颈癌8例。阴道镜下诊断与病理诊断符合率最高可达92.77%。结论:阴道镜检查联合病理活检能及时发现宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌,提高宫颈癌及癌前病变的早期检出率。     

Prevalence of clonorchiasis in southern endemic areas of Korea in 2006

This study was performed to investigate prevalence of clonorchiasis among the inhabitants living in villages along the 4 major rivers, Nakdong-gang (=river), Seomjin-gang, Youngsan-gang, and Guem-gang in southern Korea. From January to December 2006, a total of 24,075 stool samples (1 sample per an inhabitant) were collected in 23 localities and examined by the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. Of the inhabitants examined, 3,441 (14.3%) were found to harbor various types of intestinal parasite eggs, cysts or larvae. Numbers of infected people were 2,661 (11.1%) for Clonorchis sinensis, 431 (1.8%) for heterophyids, 226 (0.9%) for Entamoeba spp., 57 (0.2%) for Giardia lamblia, 30 (0.1%) for Trichuris trichiura, and 18 (0.07%) for echinostomes. Prevalence rates of clonorchiasis according to the river basin were 17.1% in Nakdong-gang, 11.2% in Seomjin-gang, 5.5% in Youngsan-gang and 4.6% in Guem-gang. Of the 2,661 C. sinensis egg-positive cases, 57.7% was male. The present findings suggest that clonorchiasis is still highly prevalent among inhabitants in the riverside areas of southern Korea, and it is necessary to implement a systematic control program in the endemic areas.     

SPF级与普通级新西兰兔血液学参数的比较

目的对普通级新西兰兔进行剖宫产,获得SPF兔,比较SPF兔和普通级兔血液学参数。方法采取剖宫产手术培育成无菌兔,接种正常寄生菌使之SPF化。耳缘静脉采血,自动生化分析仪测定SPF兔、普通级兔血液学参数。结果经检测SPF兔符合国家SPF兔标准;SPF兔和普通级新西兰兔白细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞容积、中性粒细胞百分比、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比、中性粒细胞数、单核细胞数、嗜酸性粒细胞数、嗜碱性粒细胞数、总蛋白、球蛋白、白蛋白/球蛋白、谷酰转肽酶、葡萄糖、钙、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇等参数差异极显著（P〈0.01）;血小板数、淋巴细胞百分比、肌酐差异显著（P〈0.05）;红细胞数、平均红细胞体积、平均血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、红细胞体积分布宽度、平均血小板体积、单核细胞百分比、淋巴细胞数、白蛋白、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、尿素氮、尿酸、磷、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、磷酸肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶差异不显著（P〉0.05）。结论不同等级微生物环境对新西兰兔血液学指标有显著影响。     

无菌大鼠培育中无菌检测影响因素分析

目的对无菌大鼠进行无菌检测,分析其微生物污染的多种影响因素。方法通过采集无菌隔离器内环境、无菌大鼠及其粪便等标本,选用合适的培养基在不同的条件下对其进行培养,并于第7天和第14天转种于血平皿,以此来判断无菌动物的无菌状态,并分析出现微生物污染的影响因素。结果在被检的163例标本中,检出阳性13例,且各平行样检测结果一致。经复检确认,阳性结果中有10例是动物自身带菌,3例是培养基污染。结论本检测中所采用的培养基和方法准确可靠。检查用培养基质量、培养时间、标本处理等因素都可能影响无菌检测结果。     

Effects on the prostate of environmental cadmium exposure – A cross-sectional population study in China

To explore possible effects of environmental cadmium exposure on prostate in humans, and the possible relationship of serum sex hormones to occurrence of clinic signs of tissue changes in the prostate, a case-control study was undertaken in the southeast part of China in 1998. A total of 297 male volunteers from a control area and two cadmium-polluted areas were included as subjects in this study. All the subjects were required to answer a questionnaire and to undergo a complete physical examination including digital-rectal examination (DRE). Blood and urine samples were collected. Serum total prostate specific antigen (PSA), total serum testosterone (T), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by radioimmunoassay and enzymeimmunoassay method, respectively. The data of urinary cadmium (U-Cd) and blood cadmium (B-Cd) were obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) as an indicator of cadmium body burden. Statistical analysis was applied to investigate a possible relation between cadmium exposure and prostate pathological changes. The results show that there is a clear dose-response relationship between cadmium exposure and the prevalence of cases with abnormal PSA. The blood cadmium content in cases with positive DRE was significantly higher than that of subjects with negative DRE (P<0.05). Significant differences in the level of FSH between cases with positive DRE and the normal subjects were also noted (P<0.05). These results indicate that chronic environmental cadmium exposure is associated with injuries to human prostate. A possible relationship to changes in circulating sex hormones needs further investigation.     

分子灯塔技术及其应用

分子灯塔是一个用荧光标记的核酸探针。本文主要介绍了分子灯塔的结构、性质、作用机制及该项技术的应用     

Exposure to 9-cis retinoic acid induces penis and vas deferens development in the female rock shell, Thais clavigera

To clarify how tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) interact with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) to induce growth of male sex organs in female gastropods, we treated female rock shells (Thais clavigera) with three different concentrations (0.1, 1, or 5 μg/g wet wt) of 9-cis-retinoic acid (9CRA) or with a single concentration (1 μg/g wet wt) of TBT, TPT, or fetal bovine serum (as a control). The effects of each treatment were measured as the incidence of imposex, the length of the penis-like structure, and the vas deferens sequence (VDS) index. 9CRA induced imposex in a dose-dependent manner; imposex incidence was significantly higher in the rock shells that received 1 (P < 0.05) or 5 μg (P < 0.001) 9CRA than in the controls. After 1 month, the rock shells treated with 5 μg 9CRA exhibited substantial growth of the penis-like structure that was not as evident in the other treated shells. The length of the structure differed between the 0.1- and 5-μg 9CRA treatment groups (P < 0.05) but not between the 1- and 5-μg 9CRA treatment groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control, the VDS index increased significantly in the 1- (P < 0.05) and 5-μg (P < 0.001) 9CRA groups. The penis-like structures behind the right tentacle in female rock shells treated with 5 μg 9CRA were essentially the same as the penises and vasa deferentia of normal males and of TBT-treated or TPT-treated imposexed females. These results further support the hypothesis that imposex in gastropods could be mediated by RXR.