病毒性肝炎患者抗—HBcIgA 、IgE 、IgG 、IgM 平行检测的临床意义

目的：通过对乙肝病人血清抗-HBcIgA、HBcIgE、HbcIgc、HbcIgM平行检测进一步地探讨其临床应用价值。方法：收集216份乙肝病人血清（均为我院住院病人的血清）,采用ELISA法对病人血清抗-HBcIgA、HBcIgE、HBcIgc、HBcIgM平行检测,并对检测结果作统计学分析。结果：检测结果表明：抗-HBcIgA是HBV感染后肝脏损害的明显标志,抗-HBdgE是HBV感染后乙型肝炎慢性化的标志,抗-HBcIgG持续存在则是以往感染的标志,抗-HBcIgM是HBV感染后病毒持续复制的标志。结论：在急慢性乙型肝炎、慢活肝与慢迁肝鉴别诊断中,平行检测病人血清抗-HBcIgA、HBcIgE、HbcIgG、HbcIgM对乙型肝炎慢性化及其预后估价均有重要临床意义。     

对高中生物纸笔测验改革的思考

讨论了高中生物新课程改革背景下,教学评价方式之一的纸笔测验的改革问题。通过对纸笔测验在检测学生知识性目标达成方面的改革、在能力考核方面如何强化、在情感态度与价值观考核方面的尝试进行了深刻的思考,并对纸笔测验的形式变革、结果处理方面提出了一些看法。     

实时三维盆底超声对产后压力性尿失禁患者疗效评估作用及与尿动力学的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨实时三维盆底超声对产后压力性尿失禁（SUI）患者疗效评估作用及与尿动力学的相关性。方法：选择2020年4月至2022年12月石家庄市人民医院收治的139例产后SUI患者,均接受盆底生物反馈电刺激联合盆底肌锻炼治疗。治疗前后分别进行实时三维盆底超声检查和尿动力学检查。比较治疗前后实时三维盆底超声参数、尿动力学指标差异。Pearson法分析实时三维盆底超声参数与尿动力学指标的相关性。结果：实时三维盆底超声图像特征显示：治疗前盆膈裂孔内的结构疏松,回声变弱,盆腔器官结缔组织疏松,间隙增宽,盆膈裂孔面积、尿道旋转角、膀胱尿道后角以及膀胱颈移动度较大;治疗后盆膈裂孔两侧耻骨直肠肌对称,耻骨内脏肌呈带状高回声,盆膈裂孔面积、尿道旋转角、膀胱尿道后角以及膀胱颈移动度较治疗前降低。产后SUI患者治疗后静息状态和Valsalva状态下盆膈裂孔面积、尿道旋转角、膀胱尿道后角、膀胱颈移动度均较治疗前降低（P＜0.05）,腹压漏尿点压、最大逼尿肌压力均较治疗前增加（P＜0.05）。产后SUI患者静息状态和Valsalva状态下盆膈裂孔面积、尿道旋转角、膀胱尿道后角、膀胱颈移动度与最大逼尿肌压力、腹压漏尿点压呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与最大膀胱容量和残余尿量无关（P＞0.05）。结论：产后SUI患者经盆底生物反馈电刺激联合盆底肌锻炼治疗后实时三维盆底超声参数较治疗前降低,与尿动力学改善有关。临床可通过实时三维盆底超声检查,对产后SUI患者进行临床疗效评价,以指导临床治疗。     

我院优化医技检查流程的实践探索

平均住院日是衡量医院医疗效率的重要指标之一。对临床一线医师 “平均住院日延长原因及管理瓶颈”的调查发现,“医技检查时间长”（45.75%）是影响平均住院日的主要原因。因此,将医技检查流程分解为开单预约、检查等待和报告出具三个阶段,对症下药,通过自动预约、分时段检查、电子签名体系和PACS系统上线等信息化手段,显著提升医技检查效率,同时缩短平均住院日,提高患者满意度。     

64排多层螺旋CT对直肠癌淋巴结转移的诊断研究

目的:通过对直肠癌患者原发肿瘤周围脂肪间隙内淋巴结的影像学分析,来评价64排增强螺旋CT对直肠癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法:收集我院经术后病理证实的102例直肠癌患者的临床及影像学资料进行回顾性分析,通过多平面成像,记录直肠周围脂肪间隙内淋巴结的CT表现,包括淋巴结大小、边缘及强化程度。以病理结果为准确定转移性和非转移性淋巴结,采用双盲法。结果:单因素分析结果显示淋巴结大小、边缘及强化方式与阳性率有显著的相关性(P0.05),多因素分析结果显示各相关因素有显著诊断意义的是淋巴结大小、边缘及强化方式,其敏感性分别为94.7%、87.6%、56.9%,特异性分别为69.3%、51.6%、62.3%。结论:综合分析原发肿瘤周围脂肪间隙内淋巴结的表观情况,有助于提高对淋巴结转移的判断。     

The impact of PSA and digital rectal examination on the risk of prostate cancer specific mortality in men with a PSA level <2.5 ng/ml

IntroductionIt is unknown whether a normal range, diagnostic serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level's influence on prostate cancer specific mortality (PCSM) is dependent upon digital rectal examination (DRE) findings.MethodsBetween 2004 and 2007, 9081 men diagnosed with non-palpable (T1c, N = 1710) or palpable (T2–T4, N = 7371) and non-metastatic prostate cancer (PC) were identified from surveillance, epidemiology, and end results data, selected based on pre-treatment PSA < 2.5 ng/ml. A multivariable competing risks regression model evaluated whether DRE findings interacted with PSA level in predicting risk of PCSM.ResultsAfter median follow-up of 2.83 years, 118 of 548 deaths (21.5%) were due to PC. Increasing diagnostic PSA was associated with increased risk of PCSM (AHR = 3.52; 95% CI: 1.25–9.89; P = .017) in men with T1c, Gleason score 7–10 PC, but decreased PCSM risk (AHR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.52–0.83; P < .001) for men with T2–T4 PC and any Gleason score.DiscussionFor men with diagnostic PSA level <2.5 ng/ml and palpable PC, risk of early PCSM increases by 34% for a 1 point decrease in PSA from 2. This suggests the existence of clinically detectable, low PSA secreting disease with an elevated risk of early PCSM, highlighting the importance of the DRE in men with PC and normal range, diagnostic PSA.     

子宫不同占位性病变超声诊断价值及误诊分析

目的:分析子宫不同占位性病变的声像学特点和和误诊原因,探讨超声诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析我院185例不同占位性病变经腹部超声图像资料,观察病变形态、大小、病变位置、包膜、边缘及后方回音等.结果:185例患者中,经体表超声检测出139例不同占位性病变患者,符合率为75.14％;误诊46例,误诊率为24.86％,误诊原因与病变形态、内部回音、宫腔线所表现出的相似性有关.结论:腹部超声能够较准确地诊断出子宫不同占位性病变,结合患者病史和临床症状,可以实现其更好的利用价值.     

Morphological and Molecular Diagnosis of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma ceylanicum Recovered from Villagers in Northern Cambodia

Human hookworm infections caused by adult Ancylostoma spp. and Necator americanus are one of the most important tropical diseases. We performed a survey of intestinal helminths using the Kato-Katz fecal examination technique targeting 1,156 villagers residing in 2 northern provinces (Preah Vihear and Stung Treng) of Cambodia in 2018. The results revealed a high overall egg positive rate of intestinal helminths (61.9%), and the egg positive rate of hookworms was 11.6%. Nine of the hookworm egg positive cases in Preah Vihear Province were treated with 5–10 mg/kg pyrantel pamoate followed by purging with magnesium salts, and a total of 65 adult hookworms were expelled in diarrheic stools. The adult hookworms were analyzed morphologically and molecularly to confirm the species. The morphologies of the buccal cavity and dorsal rays on the costa were observed with a light microscope, and the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were analyzed. The majority of the hookworm adults (90.7%) were N. americanus, whereas the remaining 9.3% were Ancylostoma ceylanicum, a rare hookworm species infecting humans. The results revealed a high prevalence of hookworm infections among people in a northern part of Cambodia, suggesting the necessity of a sustained survey combined with control measures against hookworm infections.     

北京海淀部分人群骨质疏松流行病学及相关危险因素研究

目的:探讨当前北京市海淀区部分人群骨质疏松相关危险因素。方法:选择我院2018年1月至6月的346例体检人群,采用双能X线吸收仪进行髋部骨密度检查,统计受检者身高、体重和体重指数,并通过自制问卷调查获取既往基础病史、药物使用史及日常生活习惯等相关信息。统计骨质疏松患病率,并筛查其相关危险因素。结果:当前人群的总体骨质疏松患病率为26.8%,女性达35.3%;骨量异常人群占69.5%。对于全部人群,高龄、饮用咖啡和碳酸饮料是骨质疏松危险因素(OR 1.098,95%CI1.072-1.125;OR 3.576,95%CI 1.302-9.826;OR 5.407,95%CI 1.317-22.202)。对于男性,年龄、激素使用和饮用咖啡是骨质疏松危险因素(OR 1.103,95%CI 1.065-1.142;OR 127.924,95%CI 10.045-999.999;OR 11.863,95%CI 2.969-47.400)。对于女性,年龄是骨质疏松的危险因素(OR 1.088,95%CI 1.059-1.117)。结论:当前北京市海淀区部分中老年人群具有较高的骨质疏松患病率,高龄和不良生活习惯是骨质疏松的相关危险因素,高体重是骨质疏松的保护因素。超过60岁的中老年人,特别是高危人群,应及早进行骨密度筛查、健康宣教、抗骨质疏松综合性治疗。