金标法与免疫发光法检测CEA在健康体检中的应用

目的：探讨金标法和免疫发光法检测CEA在健康体检中的应用价值。方法：对728例健康体检的个人同时应用金标法和免疫发光法测定CEA,对结果进行分析。结果：金标法测定的阳性率为0．69％,免疫发光法测定的阳性率为0．41％,两者具有高度一致性。结论：对健康体检人群应先用金标法进行定性,对阳性结果再用免疫发光法进行定量。     

妊娠期女性常见阴道感染常规分析

【摘 要】 目的 调查妊娠期女性常见阴道感染的发病情况。方法 随机选取我院孕检妇女、妇科病普查妇女各200例,采用阴道分泌物常规镜检方法对其阴道分泌物进行常规分析。结果 200妊娠期孕检妇女中,检出清洁度Ⅰ～Ⅱ 88例（占受检人数的44%）、清洁度Ⅲ～Ⅳ 112例（占受检人数的56%）,阴道感染患者57例（占受检人数的28.5%）,其中外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（VVC）37例（占受检人数的18.5%）、细菌性阴道病（BV）18例（占受检人数的9%）、滴虫性阴道炎（TV）2例（占受检人数的1%）;200例妇科病普查妇女中,检出清洁度Ⅰ-Ⅱ 94例（占受检人数的47%）、清洁度Ⅲ-Ⅳ 106例（占受检人数的53%）、阴道感染患者59例（占受检人数的29.5%）,其中外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（VVC）34例（占受检人数的17%）、细菌性阴道病（BV）22例（占受检人数的11%）、滴虫性阴道炎（TV）3例（占受检人数的1.5%）。经卡方检验,妊娠期孕检妇女和妇科病普查妇女中VVC、BV和TV的发病率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 大兴区妊娠期女性阴道感染以VVC为主。     

视频脑电图和影像学检查对继发性癫痫患儿的诊断价值研究

目的:研究视频脑电图(V-EEG)和影像学检查对继发性癫痫患儿的诊断价值。方法:选取从2014年3月到2017年4月在我院接受诊治的癫痫患儿168例纳入本次研究。分别对所有患儿实施V-EEG和核磁共振成像(MRI)诊断,比较两种方式的诊断价值。结果:168例患儿中,V-EEG监测到154例有异常的脑电信号,其中120例有痫样放电,V-EEG显示痫样放电分布在左侧和右侧导联的比例较双侧导联明显更高(P0.05),MRI检测结果显示,140例患儿有颅内有关结构的病变亦或是发育异常,28例未发现异常。168例患儿中,发作类型为单纯部分型者72例,占比最高,为42.86%;主要病因中,颅内感染的发作类型以全身型为主,占11.31%。脑梗塞的发作类型以单纯部分型为主,占8.33%。颅内软化灶的发作类型以复杂部分型为主,占6.55%。颅内肿瘤的发作类型以单纯部分型为主,占6.55%。MRI定位主要在单侧,其中左侧占38.10%,右侧占29.76%;而经V-EEG监测显示异常放电154例,占91.67%,其中颅内感染和脑梗塞以及颅内肿瘤和颅内软化灶的阳性检出比例最高,分别为24.40%,13.10%,11.90%和10.71%。V-EEG诊断灵敏度和特异度均明显高于MRI(P0.05)。结论:V-EEG较MRI对继发性癫痫患儿的诊断价值更高,能够更加准确地提供诊断结果数据,值得在临床诊治过程中给予推广和应用。     

面向精准医学时代的胆总管结石影像学及内镜诊断

胆总管结石是胆道外科一种常见病、多发病。随着"精准医学"时代的到来,因人因病而异的胆总管结石精准诊断及精准的个体化治疗意义重大。影像医学作为胆总管结石精准治疗的"导航"手段,其检查方法种类多样且各种方法有着各自的优点及局限性,对于满足精准治疗需要有特殊的要求。因此,本文对胆总管结石的各种影像学及内镜检查方法的优点及局限性进行综述并提出精准医学时代影像学诊断策略,以期能为胆总管结石精准诊断的提供一定的参考。     

不同麻醉方法对老年患者髋关节置换术术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的:比较全身麻醉和硬膜外麻醉两种麻醉方法对老年患者髋关节置换术术后发生认知功能障碍的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法:选择ASAⅡ-Ⅲ级行髋关节置换术的老年患者80例,随机分为全身麻醉组(GA)和硬膜外麻醉组(EA)。采用简易精神状态检查量表法(MMSE)评估两组患者术前1天、术后1天、术后5天的神经精神功能状态。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测和比较患者术前1天、术后1天、术后5天血清Aβ和tau蛋白水平。结果:GA组术后1天MMSE评分、血清Aβ蛋白和tau蛋白表达均较术前1天、术后5天明显降低(P0.05);EA组三个时间点相互比较无统计学差异。EA组T2时间点MMSE评分、血清Aβ蛋白和tau蛋白表达显著高于GA组(P0.05)。发生POCD的患者Aβ蛋白和tau蛋白表达水平均较非POCD患者明显升高(P0.05)。结论:硬膜外麻醉能明显降低行髋关节置换术老年患者术后POCD的发生,可能与减少Aβ蛋白和Tau蛋白的表达有关。     

马拉色菌相关病例的探讨

目的探讨马拉色菌与相关皮肤病的特殊临床症状,提高对其的认识及疗效。方法回顾性分析相关病例的特殊临床表现、真菌学检查及治疗。结果3例临床表现为鳞屑性红斑患者的皮损中发现大量马拉色菌菌丝,经在含脂质的培养基上生长出球形马拉色菌,抗真菌治疗有效。1例表现为甲营养不良的患者甲屑中发现有大量马拉色菌菌丝。结论在非花斑癣患者的皮损中发现大量马拉色菌,可能与其外用皮质类固醇激素制剂有关。     

以执业医师考试为导向的基础医学教学模式探索与实践

以社会需求为导向,加强基础医学课程教学模式探索,不断深化医学人才培养改革,已成为基础医学教育创新改革的目标需求。本文就近年来以执业医师考试为导向的基础医学课程教学模式探索与改革实践进行了分析和总结,着重从优化整合医学课程体系,实施基于病例和问题的PBL教学方法改革,加强辅导答疑重点培养学员综合素质与能力,加强师资队伍建设,加强针对性练习强度及合理设置考试方式,加强信息化教学手段等方面进行了讨论,以期为进一步深化基础医学教育改革和不断提高基础医学教学质量提供思路。     

Gender determination by body weight and linear measurements in American and Chilean flamingos,previously surgically sexed: Within-sex comparison to greater flamingo measurements

Gender was determined by laparoscopic visualization of the gonads for 38 adult American flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber L.) and 36 adult Chilean flamingos (P. chilensis L.). Concomitant body weight (kg) and linear measurements (mm) of the culmen (bill), tarsus (tarsometatarsus), middle toe, and wing were taken. Statistical comparisons of body weight and linear measurements for male vs. female were made for each species. Also, the same-sex statistical comparisons were made between these two species, and between each of these two species and with data for greater flamingos (P. r. roseas L.) from a previous publication. As previously published for greater flamingos, an overlap between sexes existed in all measurements with males on average larger than females for both American and Chilean flamingos. However, Students' t-test indicated a significant sexual difference for all measurements between males and females of each species except for culmen length in Chilean flamingos. Students' t-test also indicated a significant difference when species were compared (Chilean vs. greater, and American vs. Chilean) and subspecies (American vs. greater) were compared for most of the 5 measurements. Thus, despite limitations imposed by between-sex overlap, weights and linear measurements, especially tarsus, middle toe, and wing length, appear to be useful in determining an individual's gender when species or subspecies identification is considered.     

Implications of gynaecological abnormalities in pre-selection criteria for cervical screening: preliminary evaluation of 3602 subjects in South India

Early detection and eradication of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions through organized mass cytological screening programmes have recently gained considerable attention in developing countries. Strategies for both cost saving and effective implementation are however required for mass cervical screening in developing countries. In an early cancer detection programme conducted in South India, we analysed cytological abnormalities in 3602 women and correlated the results with other factors, including age, gynaecological complaints, number of years of married life and parity to see if pre-selection for cytologic screening was possible. Only lower grades of dysplasia were found in asymptomatic women below the age of 40 years. In asymptomatic women, malignancy and higher grades of dysplasia were confined to women with a clinically abnormal cervix only. Univariate analysis also revealed that subjects with a parity of more than 3 and a married life of more than 20 years had a significantly higher number of cytological abnormalities. However, on a multivariate analysis the increased number of marital years was not found to be an independent variable. These results suggest that asymptomatic women below the age of 40 years with a married life of less than 20 years and parity below 3, may be excluded from screening campaigns, and that pre-selection for cytologic screening is possible by introducing a programme of clinical and speculum examination of the cervix.     

Control of clonorchiasis by repeated praziquantel treatment and low diagnostic efficacy of sonography

In Korea, Clonorchis sinensis infection is still highly prevalent because case detection in the field is difficult and the detected cases used to be incompletely cured due to treatment failure. The present study tried to control clonorchiasis in an endemic village by repeated treatments with praziquantel every 6 months and to evaluate sonography as a diagnostic measure. By stool examinations, the egg positive rate in the endemic village was 22.7%, but it decreased to 19.6% at 6 months, 15.1% at 12 months. 12.2% at 18 months, 6.3% at 24 months, 11.4% at 30 months, and 6.3% at 42 months after the beginning of repeated praziquantel administration. The sonography showed 61 (49.6%) positive cases of 123 screened residents: among egg-positives the sonography positive rate was 52.2% and among egg-negatives it was still 49%. The rate among cured cases was 64.3% after 6 months, 50.0% after 12 months, 50.0% after 18 months, and 66.7% after 24 months. In a non-endemic village, 64 residents were found egg-negative by fecal examination, but 20 (31.3%) of them were positive by sonography. The present findings indicate that control of clonorchiasis in an endemic village by repeated praziquantel treatment for 42 months is still insufficient and sonography is of little value for diagnosis of clonorchiasis.