蓝藻门两新种蓝藻门两新种

报道了采自黑龙江省五大连池的蓝藻门2个新种：绿刺星球藻、雅致伪枝藻。     

梳角窃蠹的生物学与防治(鞘翅目:窃蠢科)

梳角窃蠹(Ptilinus fuscus Geoffroy)在青海省东部对杨树房木的蛀损最高达78.43%,平均为36.67%;房屋平均蛀危年限为20.46±9.42年.青杨干材的抗弯强度(kg/cm²)与其表面的蛀孔量(孔/200cm²)呈幂函数曲线相关:Y=559.9X^-0.2042.本种窃蠹2年1代.成虫主要发生于6月中、下旬至7月上、中旬;海拔每升高100米,发生期约推迟3.6天左右.成虫发生期喷洒80%敌敌畏200—400倍液4—5次,毒杀成虫有效.管氏肿腿蜂(Scleroderma guani Xiao和Wu)对潜藏在干材深层的窃蠹幼虫和蛹,有较高的寄生力.     

黑节草双受精过程及胚胎发育的研究

黑节草从传粉到受精约需１３０ｄ,精子在花粉管中形成,胚囊发育属蓼型胚囊,因反足细胞较早退化,故受精前胚囊多只由卵器和中央细胞组成。精卵核融合时,精核染色质进入卵核后凝集成颗粒状,并在原位与卵核的染色质融合,雌、雄性核仁一直维持至合子的第一次分裂期前。双受精作用正常,属于有丝分裂前配子融合类型,初生胚乳核发生２－３次分裂后逐渐退化消失,胚的发育局限于球形胚阶段。     

Germination and regeneration mechanisms in Mediterranean degenerate forests

Abstract. Germination and developmental behaviour during juvenile stages are of importance in relation to succession mechanisms acting on plant communities. This is particularly so in the Mediterranean region, where the climatic summer drought causes stress. We investigated and compared germination and development of four tree species in two parts of the French Mediterranean region where the original dominant tree species (Quercus pubescens) has been largely replaced by Quercus ilex in the southern part, and Castanea sativa in the northern part. Observed differences in germination rates and developmental behaviour, especially shootroot ratio and the role of water supply, suggest that other species may eventually replace the current dominant species.     

A new Early Cretaceous eutherian mammal from the Sasayama Group,Hyogo, Japan

We here describe a new Early Cretaceous (early Albian) eutherian mammal, Sasayamamylos kawaii gen. et sp. nov., from the ‘Lower Formation’ of the Sasayama Group, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Sasayamamylos kawaii is characterized by a robust dentary, a distinct angle on the ventral margin of the dentary at the posterior end of the mandibular symphysis, a lower dental formula of 3–4 : 1 : 4 : 3, a robust lower canine, a non-molariform lower ultimate premolar, and a secondarily reduced entoconid on the molars. To date, S. kawaii is the earliest known eutherian mammal possessing only four premolars, which demonstrates that the reduction in the premolar count in eutherians started in the late Early Cretaceous. The occurrence of S. kawaii implies that the relatively rapid diversification of eutherians in the mid-Cretaceous had already started by the early Albian.     

中国杏属一新种

描述了中国杏属一新种,华仁杏(Armeniaca cathayanaD.L.Fu,B.R.Li et J.H.Li,sp.nov.)。该新种与杏(Armeniaca vulgarisLam.)和山杏(A.sibirica(L.)Lam.)相似,但又有其独特特征,主要区别如下:叶两面疏被短柔毛,边缘具单锯齿和重锯齿,基部全缘;叶柄无腺体;单花或2~3朵花簇生;子房密被白色长柔毛;果核三角状卵球形,腹缝线具5~7条锐纵棱,背缝线具1条浅纵沟;种子大,两侧压扁,种仁质脆,无苦味。该新种由傅大立于2008年7月11日在河北省涿鹿县发现并采集,模式标本存于中国林业科学研究院(CAF),标本号:No.2008071101。     

竹亚科刚竹属植物新资料

描述了竹亚科Bambusoideae刚竹属Phyllostachys Sieb. et Zucc.的2个新种和5个新变型：瓜竹Ph. longiciliata、浙江甜竹Ph. zhejiangensis、黄槽黄古竹Ph. angusta f. flavosulcata、绿槽人面竹Ph. aurea f. koi、蝶毛竹 Ph. edulis f. abbreviata、黄条燥壳竹Ph. hirtivagina f. flavovittata和花竹Ph. nidularia f. basipilis;作出3个新组合变型：厚皮毛竹Ph. edulis f. pachyloen、安吉锦毛竹Ph. edulis f. anjiensis和花秆早竹Ph. violascens f. viridisulcata;对金条竹Ph. aureosulcata f. flavostriata、对花竹Ph. bambusoides f. duihuazhu、黄槽斑竹Ph. bambusoides f. mixta和黄皮毛竹Ph. edulis f. holochrysa的模式标本给予了重新指定。     

贡山竹属——我国云南竹亚科一新属

灌木状竹,有时附生于树干基部。地下茎短颈粗型。秆单丛;节问圆筒形;每节分枝单一,与主秆近等粗。秆释宿存性,革质;滓耳大,镰刀状;滓舌较低;算片外展。叶耳镰刀状;     

Use of sheep grazing in the restoration of semi‐natural meadows in northern Finland

Abstract. The biodiversity of species‐rich semi‐natural meadows is declining across Europe due to ceased management. In this study we aimed to find out how successfully the local species richness of an overgrown semi‐natural mesic meadow could be restored by sheep grazing after a long period of abandonment. The cover of vascular plant species in grazed plots and ungrazed exclosures was studied for five years and the responses of different functional plant groups were followed (herbs vs grasses, tall vs short species, species differing in flowering time, species representing different Grime's CSR strategies and species indicative of rich vs poor soil). Grazing increased species number by nearly 30%. On grazed plots the litter cover practically disappeared, favouring small herbs such as Rhinanthus minor, Ranunculus acris, Trifolium pratense and the grass Agrostis capillaris. Grazing decreased the cover of the late flowering tall herb Epilobium angustifolium but had no effect on the abundance of the early flowering tall herbs Anthriscus sylvestris or Geranium sylvaticum. We suggest that to succeed in restoration it is useful to determine the responses of different functional plant groups to grazing. Grassland managers need this information to optimize the methods and timing of management used in restoration. Additional management practices, such as mowing, may be needed in mesic meadows to decrease the dominance of tall species. The availability of propagules seemed to restrict further increase of species richness in our study area.