天目山山胡椒不同部位内生真菌组成及多样性分析

采用表面消毒法,从浙江天目山野生山胡椒[ Lindera glauca( Sieb.et Zucc.) Blume]的茎、叶和树皮中分离出内生真菌,基于ITS序列分析进行分类鉴定;并以内生真菌的分离率、定殖率、分离频率、多样性指数(H')及相似性系数为指标,分析了山胡椒内生真菌的菌群组成及多样性.结果显示:在26株山胡椒样株的728块组织块中共分离得到328株内生真菌(茎、叶和树皮中分别有161、40和127株);共鉴定出44个分类单元(茎、叶和树皮中各有19、18和28个),其中25个分类单元鉴定到种、17个鉴定到属、2个鉴定到科,ITS序列的GenBank登录号从JF502420至JF502462.在44个分类单元中,有40个分类单元属于子囊菌(310株),存在于山胡椒的各个部位;仅有4个分类单元属于担子菌(18株),且仅存在于茎和树皮中.山胡椒茎、树皮和叶中内生真菌的定殖率分别为65％、60％和15％,分离率分别为0.77、0.61和0.19;叶和树皮中内生真菌的多样性指数均为2.63,远大于茎(H’=1.83).山胡椒内生真菌的优势属为Phomopsis、Paraconiothyrium、Phoma和Colletotrichum,大量存在于叶、茎和树皮中.山胡椒茎与树皮、茎与叶及叶与树皮间内生真菌的相似性系数分别为0.27、0.19和0.18,显示树皮和叶之间以及树皮和茎之间内生真菌的组成极不相似.研究结果表明:山胡椒体内存在大量的内生真菌,其茎、叶和树皮的内生真菌菌群组成具有一定程度的多样性和差异性,且内生真菌的分布具有组织特异性.     

HPLC法测定杨梅叶中杨梅苷的含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定杨梅叶中杨梅苷含量的方法。方法:采用Diamonsil C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)柱,流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长358 nm,柱温30℃。结果:杨梅苷在0.088-0.880 mg/mL内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,A=36113C-401.56,r=0.9994;平均回收率为102.4%,RSD=1.9%(n=9)。测得杨梅叶中杨梅苷含量为1.43%。结论:该测定方法准确,可靠,对于杨梅的进一步开发利用具有重要的参考意义。     

中国竹亚科矢竹属一新种——中岩茶秆竹

描述了竹亚科矢竹属一新种——中岩茶秆竹（Pseudosasa zhongyanensis S.H.Chen,K.F.Huang et H.Z.Guo）。本种与茶秆竹（P.amabilis(McClure) Keng f.）相近似,但箨环具明显箨基残留物和木栓质隆起,高于秆环,箨鞘顶端具小型外翻箨耳,耳缘具皱曲繸毛,箨舌几无毛或有短柔毛,易于区别。     

柴黄姜的传粉生物学特性

对产自湖北武当山的柴黄姜（Dioscorea nipponica subsp．rosthornii Prain et Burkill）的花部特征和访花昆虫种类及访花行为、访花频率和携粉量进行了研究,并对柴黄姜的传粉方式、结实和种子萌发状况进行了检测。结果表明,柴黄姜具有虫媒花的典型花部特征,共观测到访花昆虫4目34种,其中传粉昆虫6种,隧蜂属（Halictus sp．）和地蜂属（Andrena sp．）的2种昆虫是柴黄姜的主要传粉昆虫。访花昆虫对雄株的访花高峰时段为11：00至14：00,对雌花没有明显的访花高峰时段。在自然条件下,柴黄姜的座果率为18．86％,结实率为7．12％,种子萌发率为64．76％。在武当山,柴黄姜种群扩展仍以有性繁殖为主,无性繁殖为重要补充。     

秀叶苏铁——广西苏铁属一新种

本文发表了一苏铁属新种,即秀叶苏铁,对其特征进行了阐述。     

黑龙江椴树属植物叶表皮形态学观察

利用扫描电子显微镜对紫椴（Tilia amurensis Rupr.）及糠椴（T. mandshurica Rupr.et Maxim.）叶片的微观形态结构特征进行观察,并进行微观形态结构的比较研究。研究结果表明紫椴与糠椴叶片上表皮微观形态相同,而下表皮气孔器的形态类型、蜡质纹饰和角质膜的形态特征、单位面积上星状毛的数量均表现出很大的差异。这些微观形态差异可作为区分紫椴和糠椴的分类学依据。     

四川石斛属一新种

描述了四川夹江（兰科）石斛属植物一新种,即夹江石斛。     

Clonal diversity of Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey. populations and its correlation with ecological factors

The clonal diversity of Clintonia udensis Trautv.et Mey.was detected by ISSR markers among 16 populations,and its correlation with ecological factors was analyzed as well in this work.Results showed that individuals(clonal ramets)per genotype were 1.12 and 1.149 at population and species levels,respectively,and that the 16 populations were all multiclonal.The detected genotypes were localized,without exception,within populations but demonstrated relatively high clonal differentiation among populations.The clonal diversity of the studied populations was high,with the average Simpson's index of 0.975,while the genets showed a clonal architecture of"guerilla".The population genetic diversities revealed by genet were consistent with those by ramet,further confirming their genetic differentiation among populations.And its genotype diversity within populations probably resulted largely from the frequent seedling regeneration and self-compatibility.In addition,the correlation analysis further revealed that,among the ecological factors,Simpson's index of C.udensis had a significant positive correlation(P<0.05)with pH values in the soil but not others.     

High frequency plant regeneration from protoplasts in cotton <Emphasis Type="Italic">via</Emphasis> somatic embryogenesis

A highly reproducible system for efficient plant regeneration from protoplast via somatic embryogenesis was developed in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar ZDM-3. Embryogenic callus, somatic embryos and suspension culture cells were used as explants. Callus-forming frequency (82.86 %) was obtained in protoplast cultures from suspension culture cells in KM₈P medium with 0.45 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.93 μM kinetin (KIN), 1.5 % glucose and 1.5 % maltose. Protocolonies formed in two months with plating efficiency of 14 %. However, the callus-forming efficiencies from other two explants were low. The calli from protoplast culture were transferred to somatic embryo induction medium and 12.7 % of normal plantlets were obtained on medium contained 3 % maltose or 1 % of each sucrose + maltose + glucose, 2.46 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.93 μM KIN. Over 100 plantlets were obtained from protoplasts derived from three explants. The regenerated plants were transferred to the soil and the highest survival rate (95 %) was observed in transplanting via a new method.     

蓝藻门两新种蓝藻门两新种

报道了采自黑龙江省五大连池的蓝藻门2个新种：绿刺星球藻、雅致伪枝藻。