Role of p53/FAK association and p53 phosphorylation in staurosporine-mediated apoptosis: Wild type versus mutant p53-R175H

A novel survival role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) that involves its nuclear translocation and direct association with p53 has been demonstrated. Here we examined the relationship between the p53/FAK interaction and Ser46 phosphorylation of p53 (p-p53^Ser46) in the apoptotic regulation of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HOSCC) cell lines, expressing either wild type (wt) p53 or mutant (mt) p53-R175H. In contrast to the wt p53 cell lines, the mt p53-R175H cell line was resistant to staurosporine (STS)-mediated detachment and caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, despite the resistance of mt p53-R175H to Ser46 phosphorylation, both wt and mt HOSCC cells translocate FAK into the nucleus and maintain the p53/FAK interaction post STS treatment. These findings provide unique insight into how tumor cells harboring the R175H mutant may resist chemotherapeutic intervention.

Structured summary

MINT-7294020: FAK (uniprotkb:Q05397) physically interacts (MI:0915) with p53 (uniprotkb:P04637) by anti-bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)     

黄土高原子午岭大披针苔草能量与养分特征

对黄土高原子午岭林区不同植被群落的优势伴生种--大披针苔草的能量和养分特征进行了研究.结果表明:随着演替的进展,处于不同演替阶段群落的大披针苔草地上部分和地下部分去灰分热值呈下降趋势.狼牙刺群落的大披针苔草地上部分去灰分热值最高,沙棘群落的最低; 狼牙刺群落的大披针苔草地下部分去灰分热值最高, 辽东栎群落的最低.不同群落大披针苔草地上部分热值均明显高于地下部分, 且不同群落大披针苔草地下部分干质量热值和去灰分热值均呈极显著差异.处于演替早期的各群落(狼牙刺、沙棘、山杨和白桦群落)内的大披针苔草热值差异较大,而演替后期的油松和辽东栎群落的大披针苔草热值差异较小.大披针苔草地下部分干质量热值与C/N呈显著正相关关系.     

Evolved psychology in a novel environment

The human “environment of evolutionary adaptedness” can only be inferred indirectly. In contrast, the behavior of some nonhuman animals can be compared among “natural” and various altered environments. As an example, male immigration tactics in unprovisioned versus provisioned macaque (Macaca) populations are compared using Tooby and Cosmides’s (1992) framework for evolutionary functional analysis. In unprovisioned populations, social groups contain few males, and immigrant male takeovers of alpha rank occur frequently. In provisioned populations, groups contain many males, and males almost invariably enter social groups at very low rank and rise in rank only as more dominant males emigrate or die. Male conformity to the “seniority rule” is hypothesized to represent the behavioral output of an evolved decision-making algorithm (psychological mechanism) that takes into account (1) the net payoff of each rank in the dominance hierarchy and (2) the power of male group size as a predictor of the likelihood of successful immigrant takeover. Joseph H. Manson is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles. His research interests are social relationships in nonhuman primates and humans, with particular emphases on mate choice, courtship tactics, intrasexual competition, and (currently) mother-infant relationships and infant handling. He has conducted fieldwork on rhesus macaques at Cayo Santiago and white-faced capuchins in Costa Rica.     

目标教学法在护理教学查房中的应用价值分析

目的:探讨目标教学法在护理教学查房中的临床应用价值,以培养护生的临床思维能力,并且提高实践工作能力。方法:选取我院2014年5月~2014年9月在急诊科实习的护生120人为研究对象,在实习之初,按照随机的原则将其分为观察组与对照组,每组60人。在查房中,观察组实施目标教学法,对照组实施常规护理教学法。实习结束后,调查两组护生对查房时教学与课堂效果的满意程度,记录两组护生病历书写的质量以及在实习结束后,通过考核,统计两组护生的在理论成绩、基础护理成绩、专科护理成绩以及护理综合技能方面的成绩,然后对所得到的数据进行统计,以探讨目标教学法在护理教学查房中的临床应用价值。结果:从查房时教学的满意程度及对课堂效果的满意程度来看,观察组都高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组病历书写优良的人数为48,优良率为80%,高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组护生的理论成绩、基础护理成绩、专科护理成绩及护理综合技能的成绩均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:目标教学法是一种科学、合理并且适合时代发展要求的新型教学法,应用于护理教学查房中,能提高护生的主动性,激发护生的学习兴趣,充分发掘其潜能,做到理论与实际的结合,从而提高学习者的自身能力,值得临床推广应用。     

一类传染病模型的扩散性质

讨论了扩散对传染病模型的阈值的影响、扩散对传染病模型中染病者人数的影响以及扩散对传染病模型的平衡点的几何性质的影响．     

Combined effects of night-time temperature and allelochemicals on performance of a generalist insect herbivore

To assess the pattern of temperature influencing the effect of allelochemicals on growth of insect herbivores and to examine the potential effect of warmer nights due to global warming, we examined the simultaneous effects of allelochemicals and warmer night-time temperatures on an insect herbivore (Spodoptera exigua; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Dietary chlorogenic acid, rutin and tomatine levels reflected those occurring naturally in the leaves of tomato, a hostplant of this herbivore. We compared the effects of four thermal regimes having a daytime temperature of 26 °C , with the night-time temperature increased from 14 to 26 °C by increments of 4 °C . The effect of a particular allelochemical on developmental rate was similar among the four thermal regimes. Chlorogenic acid and tomatine each reduced final larval weight, but there was no effect of night-time temperature. In contrast, rutin had no effect on final weight, whereas final weight declined with increasing night-time temperature. Night-time temperature did not influence amount eaten. Larvae ate less when chlorogenic acid or tomatine was in the diet. For each allelochemical, there were no allelochemical by thermal regime interactions. In addition, we compared the effects of allelochemicals and the thermal regime of 26:14 °C and constant 20 °C , which was the average temperature of the 26:14 °C regime. Developmental rate was lower at the constant 20 °C regime, chlorogenic acid and tomatine each depressed developmental rate, and there were no allelochemical by thermal regime interactions. Thus, regardless of the specific allelochemical or amount, the pattern of response at the fluctuating regime was similar to that at the constant temperature. In contrast, comparison of the thermal regime of 26:22 °C and constant 24 °C , which was the average temperature of the 26:22 °C regime, showed several allelochemical by thermal regime interactions. At the 26:22 °C regime, developmental rate was disproportionatly higher at the maximal rutin concentration compared to that at constant 24 °C . At the constant 24 °C , final larval mass was disproportionately lower at the moderate tomatine concentration compared to that at the 26:22 °C regime. Because these results differ from that of other studies examining another species, it appears that the response to incremental changes in night-time temperature will reflect the allelochemicals and insect species tested. The contrast between the constant 24 °C and 26:22 °C regimes indicates that even small fluctuations (±2 °C ) in temperature over 24 h can yield differences in the response to an allelochemical.     

MULTIPLE ROUTES OF SEXUALITY IN ALEXANDRIUM TAYLORI (DINOPHYCEAE) IN CULTURE1

Alexandrium taylori Balech is a cyst‐forming dinoflagellate species responsible for recurrent blooms in Mediterranean coastal waters. The nuclear development of the cells during the sexual cycle and the effect of different external nitrate and phosphate levels were studied. Nuclear fusion of gametes occurred 6–12 h after the complete cytoplasmic fusion. The U‐shaped nuclei fused through the end of one nucleus and the mid‐area of the other. The mobile and biflagellated zygote had a large, U‐shaped nucleus and may follow three different fates: direct division, short‐term encystment (ecdysal), and long‐term encystment (resting). Ecdysal cysts may divide in >24–96 h into two, four, six, or eight cells before germinating. Meiosis presumably occurred in three locations: in the planozygote, within the ecdysal cyst, and in the planomeiocyte (germling) liberated either from ecdysal or resting cysts. The effects of nutrients on these routes were studied in individually isolated sexual stages. (1) Direct divisions occurred mainly under replete conditions (L1), whereas no direct planozygote divisions were recorded in media with no phosphate added (L‐P). (2) Short‐term encystment was larger in media lacking phosphate (L‐P and L/30) than in medium with no nitrate added (L‐N) or under replete conditions (L1). (3) Long‐term encystment was only observed in medium with no nitrate added (L‐N). The long‐lived resting cyst, not previously described for this species, had a clear double wall, an irregular shape, a flat morphology, and a middle orange spot. No cysts germinated in 1–2 months, whereas 86% of the cysts germinated 2–3 months after being formed. A flow cytometry analysis showed that sexual induction and zygote formation were very fast and highly common processes, zygotes being nearly half of the population at days 3 and 5 after the induction of sexuality in the cultures.