蛋白质组学在阿尔采末病中的研究进展

蛋白质组学是基因组时代产生的一门重要学科,是从整体水平对蛋白质的综合分析。阿尔采末病（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）是常见而复杂的神经退行性疾病之一。应用蛋白质组学对AD进行研究,不仅可在蛋白质水平上揭示疾病的本质,还有助于全面探讨AD的病理机制,建立诊断标准,发现药物治疗靶点。本文从病理机制（特别是蛋白质翻译后修饰）、发现临床生物标签及治疗药物三个方面,对蛋白质组学在AD中的研究进展进行了综替。     

Neuronal non-CG methylation is an essential target for MeCP2 function

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长链非编码RNA通过细胞核高级结构调控真核基因表达及其临床意义

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)是一类转录本长度超过200nt、不编码蛋白质的RNA。近年来,随着染色质构象捕获及转录组测序等技术的发展,lncRNA与染色质构象间的关系越来越受到重视。多项研究表明,lncRNA在基因调控网络中具有重要的作用,可通过影响细胞核高级结构的动态变化来调控真核基因的表达。因其广泛的基因调控功能及在肿瘤发生过程中的重要作用,lncRNA被认为是未来肿瘤临床诊断和预后判定的新型标志物之一。本文旨在介绍lncRNA改变细胞核高级结构从而调控关键基因表达的分子机制,并详细介绍lncRNA在肿瘤治疗中的临床意义。     

Ochratoxin A blood concentration in healthy subjects and bladder cancer cases from Pakistan

Astract  The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is a public health issue in many countries. Data on OTA concentrations in foods and in blood are available for several European countries including the Balkan area, as well as for Canada and Japan. Yet, for developing countries such data are scarce. In this study we determined OTA blood levels as biomarker of exposure in bladder cancer patients and in healthy controls from Pakistan. OTA in blood was analyzed after extraction by HPLC with fluorescence detection (limit of detection: <0.03 ng/mL) in 96 patients and in 31 controls. Over 92% of all blood samples (87 patients, 30 controls) contained quantifiable amounts of OTA: The mean OTA concentrations were 0.33 ng/mL (SD 0.42; range: 0.03 to 3.41 ng/mL) in bladder cancer patients, and 0.31 ng/mL (SD 0.29; range: 0.04 to 1.25 ng/mL) in healthy controls. These OTA concentrations are comparable to those reported for the general population in the European Union. Presented at the 27^th Mykotoxin-Workshop, Dortmund Germany, done 13–15, 2005. The IfADo is accredited as WHO Cellaporating Center for Occupational Health.     

Elevated serum lactate in emergency department patients predicts hospital admission unrelated to diagnosis – but not more

Purpose: The value of lactate as a screening biomarker in the emergency department is debated. We analysed all unselected patients in the emergency department with serum lactate measured with regard to different outcome parameters.

Material and Methods: In a retrospective single centre study, we analysed all digitalized patient data of a two-week period of all patients ≥18 where a serum lactate was measured. The lactate levels as well as demographic and other laboratory data were correlated in a logistic regression analysis, univariable as well as multivariable, with the outcome parameters.

Results: A total of 1157 patients contacted the emergency department of which 587 were included. The average lactate level was 2,08?mmol/l (SD ±1.51, median 1.73). A total of 313 patients were admitted to hospital, 274 treated as outpatients. Their median lactate levels were 2.0?mmol/l (min/max 0.6–18?mmol/l) and 1.5?mmol/l (min/max 0.5–7.4?mmol/l), respectively. Univariable regression analysis for hospital admission showed an odds ratio of 1756 (p?p?=?0.004). There was no correlation with admission to ICU, length of stay or a relation to a certain diagnostic group.

Conclusions: Screening lactate levels in unselected emergency department patients do not have a clinical relevance yet.