灯盏花产黄酮内生放线菌筛选及产黄酮能力的初步研究

通过黄酮类物质特异颜色反应和可见分光光度法,筛选产黄酮的灯盏花内生放线菌,研究灯盏花产黄酮内生放线菌在PDA、高氏1号和淀粉3种培养基上的产黄酮能力。结果表明:59株灯盏花内生放线菌中,8株菌的镁粉+浓盐酸、氯化铝、浓氨水3种颜色反应均成阳性,能够产生黄酮。形态学观察初步鉴定这8株菌均为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)。3种培养基中,在PDA培养基上灯盏花产黄酮内生放线菌的菌丝体生物量、黄酮含量和产量较高。8株灯盏花产黄酮内生放线菌中,菌株RA′1-7生长较好,菌株ELA′3-2和RA2-1菌丝体黄酮含量较高,菌株ELA′3-2菌丝体黄酮产量较高。     

川乌植物内生真菌抗菌活性的研究

从川乌（Radix aconiti）植物的根和茎中分离获得内生真菌61株,经显微形态观察进行内生真菌的分类鉴定,同时采用纸片法进行抗菌活性筛选。结果有29株内生真菌显示抗菌活性,占菌株数的47．54％;毛壳菌属是抗菌活性菌株的优势种属;活性高且抗菌谱广的菌株有3株,主要分布在毛壳菌属和束丝菌属。结果表明：川乌植物内生真菌中广泛分布着有抗菌活性的菌株。     

The evaluation of novel chromogenic substrates for the detection of lipolytic activity in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA from two European study groups

Pinellia ternata , a traditional Chinese herb that has been used in China for over 1000 years, is susceptible to a soft rot disease, which may cause major loss of yield. The use of bacteria as potential antagonists against Pectobacterium carotovorum SXR1, the causal agent of the disease on P. ternata , was evaluated. Altogether, 1107 candidate bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere and surface-sterilized plants of P. ternata . In Petri dish tests, 55 isolates inhibited the growth of strain SXR1, and 21 of these reduced the disease development on P. ternata slices by over 50%. Four selected antagonists significantly reduced the disease incidence on tissue culture seedlings, and also prevented the disease on the transplants. Agonist P-Y2-2 yielded a good prevention level of 81.9%. The four antagonists rapidly colonized the tissue culture seedlings and transplants, whereas greater populations of the antagonists (10⁷–10⁹ CFU g⁻¹ fresh tissues) were observed in the seedlings and in the preinoculated transplants than in those inoculated during transplanting. The use of pathogen-free tissue culture seedlings pre-inoculated with antagonist may provide a strategy for production of P. ternata plantlets resistant to soft rot disease. This is the first report on the efficacy of biocontrol agents against pathogens on P. ternata .     

苏铁Cycas revoluta珊瑚根内生真菌的多样性

苏铁类植物是目前发现的唯一一类具有珊瑚根结构的裸子植物,是探究植物-微生物互作的理想材料。本研究通过高通量测序技术对中国13个地区栽培苏铁Cycas revoluta珊瑚根中的内生真菌组成及多样性进行分析,结果表明苏铁内生真菌多样性较高,但各地区间内生真菌的组成及多样性差异不显著,显示苏铁和珊瑚根内生真菌的共生与栽培地无关。     

陕北地区苹果树根内细菌多样性分析

以延安市4个不同县区苹果树根为研究对象，分析苹果树根内生细菌的群落组成和多样性，揭示内生细菌的群落结构及多样性差异。采用高通量测序技术分析4个不同县区苹果树根内生细菌16S rRNA基因V3~V4 变异区序列，使用生物信息学方法分析其内生细菌的群落结构及多样性。结果表明，测序共获得994 571条有效序列，在97%一致性下共产生1 559个有效的操作分类单元(operational taxonomic uunits，OTUs)。在门水平上，4个样地苹果树根内生细菌群落组成中共有的优势类群分别为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)，其相对丰富度分别为33.1%~60.7%和30.9%~61.6%；属水平上的优势菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardioides)、叶杆菌属(Phyllobacterium)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、农杆菌属(Agrobacterium)和贪噬菌属(Variovorax)。Alpha多样性和Beta多样性分析表明，宜川县(YC)的Chao1指数(433.54)和Shannon指数(6.45)最大，基于韦恩图分析4个样地苹果树根内生细菌群落存在354个共有OTUs，延长县(YS)、宝塔区(BT)、宜川县(YC)、洛川县(LC)独有苹果树根内生细菌群落的OTUs分别为378、430、486和477。典范对应分析(Canonical Correlation Analysis, CCA)结果表明，土壤pH是影响4个样地苹果树根内生细菌的群落多样性变化的主要因素。4个样地苹果树根内生细菌种类丰富，但群落结构组成和丰富度的差异不明显，功能预测分析表明无论是Level 1还是Level 2，均未发现显著性差异的代谢通路，此结果表明苹果树根系招募了特异型有益的内生细菌菌群。本研究可为苹果树根内生细菌菌种资源的开发和应用提供参考。     

桐花树活性内生真菌筛选及其抗菌化学成分的研究

为了探究桐花树内生真菌在抑菌方面的价值,该文以内生真菌发酵产物的抑菌作用为评价指标筛选活性菌株,采用生物活性跟踪方法结合多种色谱技术分离活性菌株的化学成分,通过波谱与文献数据比对鉴定单体化合物结构,并利用微孔板法测定单体化合物的抑菌活性。结果表明:(1)从桐花树分离得到的16株内生真菌分属2纲7目10科10属,镰刀菌属(Fusarium)为优势菌属。内生真菌GXIMD02029和GXIMD02039的发酵产物对枯草芽孢杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄微球菌、粘性放线菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有不同程度的抑制作用,GXIMD02038发酵产物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄微球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用。(2)7个化合物从内生真菌Phomopsis sp. GXIMD02029中被分离并鉴定为(15R)-acetoxydothiorelone A(1)、cytosporone B(2)、pestalotiopsone H(3)、pestalotiopsone B(4)、4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde(5)、p-Hydroxybenzoic acid(6)、N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide(7)。(3)化合物1和2有不同程度的抑菌作用,化合物1对枯草芽孢杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为16.25 SymbolmA@ g·mL^-1,对藤黄微球菌和粘性放线菌的MIC值为7.812 5 SymbolmA@ g·mL^-1,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为31.25 SymbolmA@ g·mL^-1。化合物2对藤黄微球菌的MIC值为62.5 SymbolmA@ g·mL^-1,对枯草芽孢杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、粘性放线菌的MIC值为125 SymbolmA@ g·mL^-1,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为250 SymbolmA@ g·mL^-1。该文筛选了3株活性菌株,首次报道化合物1具有抗菌活性,为桐花树内生真菌在抗菌价值方面提供了依据。     

Actinomycete diversity associated with foaming in activated sludge plants

Large numbers of mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes were isolated from foam and scum samples taken from three activated-sludge sewage-treatment plants using several selective isolation media. Organisms presumptively identified as gordonae formed the dominant population in all of the samples. A representative set of these strains have chemical properties consistent with their classification in the genusGordona. Forty-eight of theGordona strains were compared through 165 unit characters with the type strains of validly described species ofGordona. The resultant data were examined using the Jaccard and simple matching coefficients and clustering achieved using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages algorithm. The numerical classification was only marginally affected by the statistics used or by test error, estimated as 3.92%. The isolates were assigned to five multi-membered and 28 single-membered clusters defined by the simple matching coefficient at the 89% similarity level. With few exceptions, the isolates were sharply separated from theGordona marker strains. Essentially the same classification was obtained when the test strains were examined using a Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometric procedure. It can be concluded that the gordonae form a heterogeneous taxonomic group, the members of which can be distinguished from representatives of validly described species ofGordona.     

番茄灰霉病拮抗内生放线菌的筛选、鉴定及其活性评价

对安徽省淮北市番茄植株根、茎、叶中内生放线菌进行了分离、筛选,并测定了其抑菌活性。结果表明:番茄根、茎和叶中的内生放线菌的数量分别为5.66×104、0.67×104和0.39×104CFU.g-1鲜重。根据分离部位和表型特征,从健康番茄植株体内分离到93株内生放线菌,通过对峙实验,筛选到7株对番茄灰霉病菌有拮抗作用的菌株,占所分离内生放线菌总数的7.5%。来自根组织中的菌株HNU-EA27的抑菌效果最佳,抑菌圈直径达28.3mm。根据形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特性、细胞壁组分和16SrDNA序列分析,将菌株HNU-EA27鉴定为毒三素链霉菌(Streptomyces toxytricini)。室内测定菌株HNU-EA27发酵滤液对灰霉病菌菌丝生长及分生孢子萌发的抑制作用,结果表明:菌株HNU-EA27发酵滤液可以抑制灰霉病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发,且浓度越高,抑制能力越强;当发酵滤液浓度为30%时则完全抑制灰霉病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发。盆栽防效试验结果表明:30%菌株HNU-EA27发酵滤液对番茄灰霉病的预防与治疗效果分别为80.6%和73.8%,均高于50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂600倍液。本研究表明,菌株HNU-EA27是防治番茄灰霉病潜在的优良生防菌株,具有良好的开发应用价值。     

药食植物黑果枸杞内生真菌的分离及其挥发性成分分析

从黑果枸杞中分离得到18株黑果枸杞内生真菌,其中从棘刺分离得到3株,从根部分离得到10株,从茎部分离得到5株。对其内生真菌使用固体发酵技术放大培养后,使用固相微萃取材料对黑果枸杞内生真菌挥发性成分进行固定吸附后,经过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)技术解吸附分析。结果表明,4株黑果枸杞植物内生真菌(KLBMPLR001、KLBMPLR004、KLBMPLR013和KLBMPLR018)中的挥发性成分多属于有机酸、芳香烃、酯类及其少量醇类、酚类和倍半萜化合物。4株菌株有机酸百分含量分别为48.69%、51.26%、47.75%和17.78%;芳香烃类百分含量分别为6.79%、19.23%、8.65%和5.75%;酯类百分含量分别为17.18%、7.37%、5.45%和7.95%。