全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1995篇 |
免费 | 151篇 |
国内免费 | 90篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 83篇 |
2022年 | 99篇 |
2021年 | 149篇 |
2020年 | 110篇 |
2019年 | 116篇 |
2018年 | 93篇 |
2017年 | 61篇 |
2016年 | 82篇 |
2015年 | 79篇 |
2014年 | 116篇 |
2013年 | 132篇 |
2012年 | 83篇 |
2011年 | 99篇 |
2010年 | 88篇 |
2009年 | 99篇 |
2008年 | 100篇 |
2007年 | 105篇 |
2006年 | 82篇 |
2005年 | 58篇 |
2004年 | 60篇 |
2003年 | 65篇 |
2002年 | 47篇 |
2001年 | 36篇 |
2000年 | 35篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 20篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2236条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
海马内生长抑素与γ-氨基丁酸在大鼠穿梭箱主动回避反应中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本实验以大鼠穿梭箱主动回避反应(AAR)的习得和消退为学习记忆的指标,研究了海马内生长抑素(SS)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)在学习记忆中的作用。结果如下:(1)经训练而建立了AAR的大鼠,其海马内SS较对照组显著增高,而海马内GABA含量却明显降低;(2)海马内注入SS的耗竭剂半胱胺(Cys,20g/L)使大鼠AAR的习得受到明显损害,AAR的消退显著加速,海马内SS明显降低,而GABA含量却显著升高;(3)海马内注入GABA(200g/L)使大鼠AAR的消退显著加速的同时,其海马内SS含量亦显著降低。由此表明,海马内SS可能有促进学习记忆的作用,而海马内GABA升高则有相反的效应;二者在海马调控学习记忆过程中具有重要作用。 相似文献
32.
Hirotaka Shoji Hideo Hagihara Keizo Takao Satoko Hattori Tsuyoshi Miyakawa 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2012,(60)
Forced alternation and left-right discrimination tasks using the T-maze have been widely used to assess working and reference memory, respectively, in rodents. In our laboratory, we evaluated the two types of memory in more than 30 strains of genetically engineered mice using the automated version of this apparatus. Here, we present the modified T-maze apparatus operated by a computer with a video-tracking system and our protocols in a movie format. The T-maze apparatus consists of runways partitioned off by sliding doors that can automatically open downward, each with a start box, a T-shaped alley, two boxes with automatic pellet dispensers at one side of the box, and two L-shaped alleys. Each L-shaped alley is connected to the start box so that mice can return to the start box, which excludes the effects of experimenter handling on mouse behavior. This apparatus also has an advantage that in vivo microdialysis, in vivo electrophysiology, and optogenetics techniques can be performed during T-maze performance because the doors are designed to go down into the floor. In this movie article, we describe T-maze tasks using the automated apparatus and the T-maze performance of α-CaMKII+/- mice, which are reported to show working memory deficits in the eight-arm radial maze task. Our data indicated that α-CaMKII+/- mice showed a working memory deficit, but no impairment of reference memory, and are consistent with previous findings using the eight-arm radial maze task, which supports the validity of our protocol. In addition, our data indicate that mutants tended to exhibit reversal learning deficits, suggesting that α-CaMKII deficiency causes reduced behavioral flexibility. Thus, the T-maze test using the modified automatic apparatus is useful for assessing working and reference memory and behavioral flexibility in mice. 相似文献
33.
Louis Trevisan Lawrence W. Fitzgerald Nils Brose Gregory P. Gasic Stephen F. Heinemann Ronald S. Duman Eric J. Nestler 《Journal of neurochemistry》1994,62(4):1635-1638
We examined the effects of chronic ethanol exposure on the levels of N -methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1) protein, an essential component of N -methyl-D-aspar- tate glutamate receptors, in rat brain. By immunoblotting procedures using a specific antibody for the NMDAR1 subunit, we found that ethanol dramatically up-regulated (by 65%) NMDAR1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus but not in the nucleus accumbens, cerebral cortex, or striatum. In contrast, ethanol did not alter the levels of glutamate receptor subunit (GLUR) 1 or GLUR2 protein, subunits that make up the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methy4-isoxazole propionic acid glutamate receptor, in the hippocampus. Because ethanol can potentially influence many different neurotransmitter systems, we examined whether chronic treatment with several psychotropic drugs with different pharmacological profiles (cocaine, haloperidol, SCH 23390, imipramine, and morphine) could mimic the effect of ethanol. None of these agents increased hippocampal NMDAR1 subunit immunoreactivity after chronic administration. Increased NMDAR1 subunit levels in the hippocampus after chronic ethanol exposure may represent an important neurochemical substrate for some of the features associated with ethanol dependence and withdrawal. 相似文献
34.
Razvan C. Stan Darshak K. Bhatt Maristela M. de Camargo 《BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology》2020,42(1):1900115
The ability to memorize changes in the environment is present at all biological levels, from social groups and individuals, down to single cells. Trans-generational memory is embedded subcellularly through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Evidence that cells process and remember features of the immediate environment using protein sensors is reviewed. It is argued that this mnemonic ability is encapsulated within the protein conformational space and lasts throughout its lifetime, which can overlap with the lifespan of the organism. Means to determine diachronic changes in protein activity are presented. 相似文献
35.
Zhongli Shi Kaixia Zhang Huimin Zhou Lei Jiang Bing Xie Ruiyuan Wang Wenzhen Xia Yajuan Yin Zhaoyu Gao Dongsheng Cui Rui Zhang Shunjiang Xu 《Aging cell》2020,19(3)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer have inverse relationship in many aspects. Some tumor suppressors, including miR‐34c, are decreased in cancer but increased in AD. The upstream regulatory pathways and the downstream mechanisms of miR‐34c in AD remain to be investigated. The expression of miR‐34c was detected by RT–qPCR in oxidative stressed neurons, hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, or serum of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Dual luciferase assay was performed to confirm the binding sites of miR‐34c in its target mRNA. The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate learning and memory in SAMP8 mice administrated with miR‐34c antagomir (AM34c). Golgi staining was used to evaluate the synaptic function and structure. The dramatically increased miR‐34c was mediated by ROS‐JNK‐p53 pathway and negatively regulated synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) expression by targeting the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of syt1 in AD. The expression of SYT1 protein was reduced by over expression of miR‐34c in the HT‐22 cells and vice versa. Administration of AM34c by the third ventricle injection or intranasal delivery markedly increased the brain levels of SYT1 and ameliorated the cognitive function in SAMP8 mice. The serum miR‐34c was significantly increased in patients with aMCI and might be a predictive biomarker for diagnosis of aMCI. These results indicated that increased miR‐34c mediated synaptic and memory deficits by targeting SYT1 through ROS‐JNK‐p53 pathway and the miR‐34c/SYT1 pathway could be considered as a promising novel therapeutic target for patients with AD. 相似文献
36.
Manfei Deng Qingping Zhang Zhuoze Wu Tian Ma Aodi He Tongmei Zhang Xiao Ke Quntao Yu Yunyun Han Youming Lu 《Aging cell》2020,19(5)
Recently, we have reported that dentate mossy cells (MCs) control memory precision via directly and functionally innervating local somatostatin (SST) inhibitory interneurons. Here, we report a discovery that dysfunction of synaptic transmission between MCs and SST cells causes memory imprecision in a mouse model of early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals that miR‐128 that binds to a 3′UTR of STIM2 and inhibits STIM2 translation is increasingly expressed in MCs from AD mice. Silencing miR‐128 or disrupting miR‐128 binding to STIM2 evokes STIM2 expression, restores synaptic function, and rescues memory imprecision in AD mice. Comparable findings are achieved by directly engineering MCs with the expression of STIM2. This study unveils a key synaptic and molecular mechanism that dictates how memory maintains or losses its details and warrants a promising target for therapeutic intervention of memory decays in the early stage of AD. 相似文献
37.
Narasimsetti Srinivasa Rao Megala Rajesh Kumcham Prasad Gutturu Rajasekhara Reddy B. Deva Prasad Raju S. Dhanapandian 《Luminescence》2020,35(5):721-727
Sm3+ ions doped strontium lithium lead borate glasses (SLLB:Sm) were prepared using a conventional melt‐quenching technique. The glasses were analyzed using X‐ray diffractometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical absorption, fluorescence spectral analysis, and fluorescence lifetime decay. The Judd–Ofelt (J–O) parameters and radiative parameters of the SLLB:Sm10 glass (1.0 mol% Sm3+ ion‐doped glass) were calculated using J–O theory. From the emission spectra, among all the synthesized glass, SLLB:Sm10 glass had the highest emission intensity for 4G5/2→6H11/2 transition (610 nm). Emission parameters, such as stimulated emission cross‐section and optical gain bandwidth, were calculated. For all concentrations of Sm3+ ions, the decay profile showed an exponential nature and decreased when the Sm3+ ion concentration was increased due to a concentration quenching effect. This result suggests that the synthesized SLLB:Sm10 glass could be used for application in high‐density optical memory devices. 相似文献
38.
39.
40.
大多数无尾两栖类的配偶选择依赖声音通讯。为吸引雌性,雄性可通过增加音节数量或鸣声复杂性的方式提升鸣声吸引力。工作记忆是指在进行复杂认知活动时对过去短时间内接收到的信息进行处理和储存的一种记忆程序。目前,大多数无尾两栖类鸣声通讯研究侧重于揭示鸣声信号的功能,但关于工作记忆对雌性配偶选择的影响及其在复杂求偶信号进化过程中的作用的研究十分匮乏。本研究以锯腿原指树蛙(Kurixalus odontotarsus)为实验对象,利用趋声性实验测试雌性对不同复杂程度鸣声信号的工作记忆。雄性锯腿原指树蛙的鸣声主要包含A音节("呱"音)和B音节("啾"音),两类音节可以组成不同复杂程度的鸣声,如简单的广告鸣叫5A、复杂的组合鸣叫5A2B和5A5B。实验过程中为雌蛙播放不同复杂程度的鸣声刺激对(5A vs. 5A2B及5A vs. 5A5B),然后进行不同时长安静处理(0 s、5 s、10 s、15 s和30 s)。若安静处理后大部分雌蛙仍选择之前播放复杂鸣声的音箱,则认为此次安静处理时长在雌性对复杂鸣声的工作记忆范围内。实验数据通过广义估计方程(GEE)和精确二项分布检验进行统计分析。研究结果表明,相较于5A,雌性对组合鸣叫5A2B的工作记忆大约有15 s,对5A5B的工作记忆大约有10 s;而组间比较结果表明,雌性对于5A2B和5A5B的工作记忆没有显著性差异。因此,本研究认为复杂鸣声信号会通过工作记忆影响雌性的行为决策,且工作记忆对复杂鸣声信号进化的影响可能具有物种特异性。 相似文献