外源海藻糖对高温胁迫下穗分化期水稻叶片生理特性及产量的影响

该研究以耐热型水稻品种Nagina22和热敏型水稻品种YR343为供试材料,采用盆栽试验,设置喷施清水+常温处理(NT0)、喷施清水+穗分化期高温胁迫(HT0),以及分别喷施5、10、15、20 mmol·L^-1外源海藻糖+高温胁迫(分别记为HT1、HT2、HT3、HT4)共6个处理,分析外源海藻糖对高温胁迫下穗分化期水稻叶片叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量、活性氧含量等生理特性,以及籽粒产量及其构成因素的影响,为水稻抗热栽培和耐热品种的选育提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)在高温胁迫下水稻穗分化期,2个水稻品种叶片的叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数及渗透调节物质含量均降低,叶片MDA和H₂O₂含量以及■的产生速率均上升,叶片抗氧化酶活性呈先增后降的趋势,最终显示水稻籽粒产量及其构成因素显著下降。(2)喷施外源海藻糖能显著增加高温胁迫下穗分化期水稻的每穗粒数、千粒重和结实率,从而提高籽粒产量,其中弱势粒千粒重和结实率的增幅高于强势粒,外源海藻糖最适喷施浓度为15 mmol·L^-1...     

林蛙受精卵的表面收缩波和卵裂起动收缩

林蛙受精卵表面的大豆凝集素结合位点没有侧向运动,联在结合位点上的标记物在卵表面位置的改变应该可以反映卵表面运动。本文利用近景摄影测量术和侧向摄影法观测卵表面标记点位置的变化,得到下面的结果:1.卵裂前30—40min,整个卵表面都向预定分裂沟中心移动,表示卵表面在收缩。卵裂前15min左右,沟中心附近的卵表面开始松弛,随之是离沟较远处的卵表面松弛,显示卵表面有一个从预定分裂沟中心向四周传播的收缩波(图2—5)。如果以相邻标记点之间的距离变化作图(图6),则出现两个波,一个是松弛波,一个是收缩波。本文对卵表面究竟出现一个波还是两个波的问题进行了讨论。2.分裂沟中心附近收缩时,高程逐渐下降,基部两侧逐渐加宽(图7和图8);卵松弛时,高程增加,基部收缩。所以卵高程的变化也是从预定分裂沟中心波浪形地向四周传播的。3.卵裂沟出现前3—5 min,预定分裂沟两端开始向沟中心收缩,这是卵裂起动收缩。以后收缩范围逐渐扩大,强度亦增加,但预定分裂沟两侧的卵表面没有向预定分裂沟两端移动。这一结果支持了赤道区收缩的假说。     

Proteomic fingerprinting enables quantitative biodiversity assessments of species and ontogenetic stages in Calanus congeners (Copepoda,Crustacea) from the Arctic Ocean

Species identification is pivotal in biodiversity assessments and proteomic fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has already been shown to reliably identify calanoid copepods to species level. However, MALDI-TOF data may contain more information beyond mere species identification. In this study, we investigated different ontogenetic stages (copepodids C1–C6 females) of three co-occurring Calanus species from the Arctic Fram Strait, which cannot be identified to species level based on morphological characters alone. Differentiation of the three species based on mass spectrometry data was without any error. In addition, a clear stage-specific signal was detected in all species, supported by clustering approaches as well as machine learning using Random Forest. More complex mass spectra in later ontogenetic stages as well as relative intensities of certain mass peaks were found as the main drivers of stage distinction in these species. Through a dilution series, we were able to show that this did not result from the higher amount of biomass that was used in tissue processing of the larger stages. Finally, the data were tested in a simulation for application in a real biodiversity assessment by using Random Forest for stage classification of specimens absent from the training data. This resulted in a successful stage-identification rate of almost 90%, making proteomic fingerprinting a promising tool to investigate polewards shifts of Atlantic Calanus species and, in general, to assess stage compositions in biodiversity assessments of Calanoida, which can be notoriously difficult using conventional identification methods.     

高频重复经颅磁刺激联合Brunnstrom分期训练对脑卒中恢复期患者康复效果的影响

摘要 目的：探讨高频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）联合Brunnstrom分期训练对脑卒中恢复期患者康复效果的影响。方法：根据随机数字表法将新疆医科大学第一附属医院2020年1月~2022年2月期间收治的脑卒中恢复期患者80例分为对照组（40例,Brunnstrom分期训练）和研究组（40例,高频rTMS联合Brunnstrom分期训练）。对比两组疗效、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、功能独立性量表（FIM）评分、生活质量评分、血清神经因子指标[髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、神经生长因子-1（NGF-1）]。结果：研究组的临床总有效率（92.50%）明显高于对照组（70.00%）（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,研究组MBP、NSE低于对照组,NGF-1高于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,治疗4周后,研究组NIHSS评分降低,FIM评分升高（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,研究组心理/躯体/物质/社会功能评分较对照组高（P<0.05）。结论：高频rTMS联合Brunnstrom分期训练有助于提高脑卒中恢复期患者的康复效果,同时还可调节血清神经指标,提高生活质量。     

血清PGRN、SFRP1、CCL26与支气管哮喘急性发作期患者肺功能和气道炎症的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨支气管哮喘（BA）急性发作期患者血清颗粒蛋白前体（PGRN）、分泌型卷曲相关蛋白1（SFRP1）、C-C基序趋化因子配体26（CCL26）与肺功能和气道炎症的相关性。方法：选取2021年1月～2022年6月我院收治的118例BA急性发作期患者作为急性发作期组,根据病情分级将BA急性发作期患者分为轻度亚组55例、中度亚组43例、重度亚组20例,另选取同期77例BA临床控制期患者（临床控制期组）和60例体检健康志愿者（对照组）分别作为对照。采用Pearson相关性分析BA急性发作期患者血清PGRN、SFRP1、CCL26水平与肺功能和气道炎症指标的相关性。结果：对照组、临床控制期组、急性发作期组血清PGRN水平和第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比（FEV₁%pred）、峰值呼气流速（PEF）依次降低,SFRP1、CCL26水平和呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO）、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）计数依次升高（P＜0.05）。轻度亚组、中度亚组、重度亚组血清PGRN水平和FEV₁%pred、PEF依次降低,SFRP1、CCL26水平和FeNO、外周血EOS计数依次升高（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,BA急性发作期患者血清PGRN水平与FEV₁%pred、PEF呈正相关,与FeNO、外周血EOS计数呈负相关（P＜0.05）,SFRP1、CCL26与FEV₁%pred、PEF呈负相关,与FeNO、外周血EOS计数呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：BA急性发作期患者血清PGRN水平降低,SFRP1、CCL26水平升高,与病情严重程度、肺功能和气道炎症有关,可能成为BA急性发作期患者新的治疗靶点。     

乳腺良恶肿瘤患者超声弹性成像定量参数与临床分期、病理分子分型的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨乳腺良恶肿瘤患者超声弹性成像定量参数与临床分期、病理分子分型的相关性。方法：选择2020年1月至2022年12月来我院诊治的乳腺肿块患者85例,均行超声弹性成像检查,分析85例乳腺肿块患者的病理检查结果,对比良恶性肿瘤患者的弹性成像参数,对弹性应变率、直径变化率、面积比及三者联合绘制ROC曲线,分析不同乳腺肿瘤患者临床分期的弹性成像参数,分析乳腺肿瘤患者病理分子分型的弹性成像参数。结果：85例乳腺肿块患者中,良性肿块35例,恶性肿块50例。恶性组的弹性应变率、肿块直径、直径变化率、肿块面积、面积比明显较良性组低（P<0.05）。面积比ROC曲线AUC为0.580,以1.73为临界值,乳腺恶性肿瘤的诊断灵敏度为73.5 %,特异度为38.5 %;直径变化率ROC曲线AUC为0.630,以0.28为临界值,诊断灵敏度为75.5 %,特异度为47.5 %;弹性应变率ROC曲线AUC为0.790,以15.2 cm²为临界值,诊断灵敏度为64.5 %,特异度为83.5 %,以三者联合绘制ROC曲线,AUC为0.920,诊断灵敏度为82.5 %,特异度为92.5 %。乳腺恶性肿瘤患者TNM分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期者的弹性应变率、肿块直径、直径变化率、肿块面积、面积比对比有统计学意义（P<0.05）;其中Ⅳ期者的弹性应变率、肿块直径、直径变化率、肿块面积、面积比明显较Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ期者高,Ⅲ期者明显较Ⅱ、Ⅰ期者高,Ⅱ期者明显较Ⅰ期高。乳腺恶性肿瘤患者Luminal A型者、Liminal B型者、Her2过表达型者、基底样型者的弹性应变率、肿块直径、直径变化率、肿块面积、面积比对比有统计学意义（P<0.05）;其中Liminal B型者的弹性应变率、肿块直径、直径变化率、肿块面积、面积比明显较Luminal A型者、Her2过表达型者、基底样型者高,Her2过表达型者明显较Luminal A型者、基底样型者高（P均<0.05）,Luminal A型者与基底样型者对比无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：超声弹性成像可用于乳腺良恶肿瘤的诊断,超声弹性成像定量参数可用于恶性乳腺肿瘤临床分期、Liminal B型、Her2过表达型的判断。     

Buoyancy variations in eggs of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) in relation to chorion thickness and egg size: theory and observations

Egg specific gravity is a function of egg volume, chorion volume, perivitelline space (PVS) and the specific gravity of chorion and ovoplasm. Experimental studies on cod ( Gadus morhua L.), a marine multiple batch spawner, showed that approx. forty per cent of the chorion volume is incorporated between batches and that the chorionic material has a mean specific gravity of 1·20 (range: 1·14–1·35). The chorion volume and specific gravity are low at the end of the spawning period in extremely fecund fish. Specific gravity of ovoplasm was observed to be 1·017 in marine eggs and calculated to be about 1·008 in brackish water eggs. Inherent variation in PVS is found to have little influence on egg specific gravity. With the other variables constant, egg specific gravity is inversely related to egg volume supported by studies on single batches of eggs. Measurements on every batch of eggs reveal that the production of large eggs (>1·3 mm) gives low density eggs initially and high density eggs towards the end of spawning, while the production of small eggs (<1·3mm) gives moderate specific gravity. These observations are discussed in relation to vertical distribution of the eggs and reproductive success of recruit and repeat spawners. There are indications that repeat spawners produce larger eggs.     

GENETIC AND SOCIAL INHERITANCE OF BODY AND EGG SIZE IN THE BARNACLE GOOSE (BRANTA LEUCOPSIS)

We present heritability estimates for final size of body traits and egg size as well as phenotypic and genetic correlations between body and egg traits in a recently established population of the barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) in the Baltic area. Body traits as well as egg size were heritable and, hence, could respond evolutionarily to phenotypic selection. Genetic correlations between body size traits were significantly positive and of similar magnitude or higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlations. Heritability estimates for tarsus length obtained from full-sib analyses were higher than those obtained from midoffspring-midparent regressions, and this indicates common environment effects on siblings. Heritabilities for tarsus length obtained from midoffspring-mother regressions were significantly higher than estimates from midoffspring-father regressions. The results suggest that this discrepancy is not caused by maternal effects through egg size, nor by extra-pair fertilizations, but by a socially inherited foraging site fidelity in females.     

Water quality during egg incubation influences yolk-sac fry sodium kinetics in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: a possible mechanism of adaptation to acid waters

Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) fry hatched from eggs transferred from high-Na to low-Na water during the eyed stage of development had a significantly higher V_max and lower K_m (P <0.01) of the sodium uptake mechanism than fry hatched from eggs incubated entirely in low-Na or high-Na water.
Fry hatched from eggs transferred to acid, high aluminium water during the eyed stage of development had a similar V_max and K_m to fry hatched from eggs incubated entirely in high- or low-Na water. Eggs incubated continuously in acid, high aluminium (low-Na) water produced fry with significantly lower K_m and V_max values than fry hatched from eggs incubated continuously in low-Na water. Eggs and fry in acid, high aluminium water continually lost sodium and mortality was 100% at 5 5 M O degree-days (2–3 weeks after hatching).
The results are discussed with respect to the influence of perivitelline fluid ion activities in eggs in acid, high aluminium water on the kinetic characteristics of sodium uptake in yolk-sac fry. A possible mechanism for the long-term adaptation of teleosts in acidified natural waters is also proposed.     

A New Method for Finding Small Vertebrate Fossils: Ultraviolet Light At Night

Vertebrate fossils from many different formations fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. In this paper field observations and controlled experiments in the Chadron Formation (White River Group, late Eocene) of Wyoming are used to assess the utility of searching for fossils at night using ultraviolet light. The results indicate that, especially for very small teeth and egg-shell fragments, searching with ultraviolet light at night can result in significantly more specimens than searching during daylight hours. This method has the potential to increase sample sizes for small vertebrate specimens that are often overlooked when using standard collecting techniques.