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151.
Sun-Kee?HongEmail author In-Ju?Song Byungseol?Byun Sanglim?Yoo Nobukazu?Nakagoshi 《Landscape and Ecological Engineering》2005,1(2):101-112
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current status and method of biotope mapping for practical use for landscape planning and environmental policy in urban ecosystem in Korea. We examine current ecological mapping of Seoul, Seongnam, Daegu, and Yongin. Ecological mapping is examined closely in terms of investigation methodology, investigation subject, classification of urban landscape, and the present condition of application. Biotope mapping in Seoul and Seongnam were carried out by the city governments concerned with the pre-set budgets earmarked for mapping. In order to promote the utilization of biotope maps for city planning in Korea, the following actions should be considered. First, the survey method should be standardized by introducing a uniform standard with respect to the scope of survey, the quality of primary data used, the survey method, and the level of the survey. Second, it is necessary to identify a basic category of biotope for each area by consolidating the outcome of the previous surveys. Third, it is highly desirable to minimize the differences between the evaluation criteria and the assessment factors. Fourth, it is ideal to apply the results of the biotope evaluation to city planning in an indirect manner through reflecting the results first in the landscape plans. In order to facilitate this alternative utilization, it is necessary to strengthen the control provisions contained in the ordinances of the city concerned or to enact a set of new provisions in the ordinances so that biotope mapping could be used more widely as a criterion for the spatial environmental impact assessment. 相似文献
152.
153.
在生物新课程实施的背景下,探讨了高中生物科学方法教育及其在高中生物新课程中的体现.分析了在生物新课程中实施科学方法教育过程中出现的问题. 相似文献
154.
健康教育对心脑血管疾病终点事件发生的干预效应 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
董玉巧 《现代生物医学进展》2006,6(6):29-30
通过健康教育干预探讨对心脑血管疾病发生之影响,为心脑血管疾病的防治工作提供理论依据。方法:从2000年到我院集中体检的大于50岁以上的在职和离退休干部4000人中,抽出资料完整并符合本次研究纳入标准者2000人,随机分为健康干预组和一般治疗对照组各1000人。其中干预组1000人中,高血压480人,高脂血症413人,高血压合并高脂血症107人;对照组1000人中,高血压478人,高脂血症423人.高血压合并高脂血症100人。两组均以高血压、高脂血症作为最主要的危险因素进行健康教育干预。健康教育干预组患者分别建立健康档案,制定系统的健康教育干预措施并组织实施,定期随访:一般治疗对照组患者将体检结果通知本人后,由其在门诊接受健康教育和治疗,对健康教育和治疗方法不作强制性规定。连续观察五年,比较两组五年间心脑血管疾病的发生情况(即以发生AMI/心绞痛、脑出血、脑血栓形成等心脑血管疾病的终点事件为评价标准)。结果:健康教育干预组病情控制良好,发生上述心脑血管疾病终点事件比危险因素对照组明显减少(急性心肌梗塞发生率为2.0%比3.4%,脑血栓发生率为4.3%比7.5%,TIA为2.1%比2.9%),P〈0.01。结论:对存在心脑血管疾病危险因素者积极开展健康教育干预,可起到控制疾病进一步发展,减少心脑血管疾病终点事件的发生。 相似文献
155.
156.
Between 1988 and 2007, set‐aside, a European Commission production control measure, took an average of 10% of arable farmland in the EU out of production each year. In 2007, the set‐aside rate was set to 0% and the scheme was later abandoned altogether. By assessing associations of farmland birds with set‐aside and quantifying the extent of set‐aside loss, this study aims to assess the implications of set‐aside loss for farmland bird conservation. During the lifespan of set‐aside, a large number of studies assessed the biodiversity value of set‐aside and other agricultural crops and habitats. Where possible we considered measurable benefits of set‐aside. However, some studies did not specify the type of set‐aside and in some cases set‐aside fields were grouped with cereal stubble fields. In these cases, we took the pragmatic approach of assessing the value of generic stubble fields as a conservative minimum estimate of the value of set‐aside fields. A re‐analysis of data from 30 intensive studies demonstrates that farmland bird densities tended to be higher on set‐aside than on either cereal or oilseed rape crops. Without mitigation, these are the two crops likely to replace most set‐aside fields. We estimate that 26–52% of the farmland populations of key granivorous passerines were present on stubble fields, giving an indication of the proportion of birds likely to be present on set‐aside fields within this broader category. An extensive survey of lowland farmland during winters 1999/2000, 2000/2001 and 2002/2003, repeated in February 2008, showed a doubling of the number of 1‐km squares with no stubble and a halving of the number of squares with more than 10 ha of stubble. After set‐aside abandonment, 72% of squares had no stubble in the important late winter period, confirming that many of the former stubble fields were retained as set‐aside. A simple correlative model suggests that this could cause a small increase in the rate of decline of Skylark Alauda arvensis and Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella populations, assuming causal links between stubble area and demography. However, even if this assumption cannot be supported, these results clearly indicate that a significant proportion of some farmland bird populations will need to find alternative breeding and foraging habitats. 相似文献
157.
Didier Dogley 《Biotropica》2010,42(5):572-575
The Seychelles has undergone major socio-economic and political changes during the past four decades. Tourism and fisheries, being the mainstay of the country's economy, have positively impacted upon and influenced the form of institution framework and policies in the management of the environment and biodiversity. The Department of Environment, the organization responsible for biodiversity conservation, has changed its core functions over the years to accommodate its obligations under international conventions and again more recently because of a major economic reform program. The creation of several authorities and agencies has resulted in new challenges but at the same time opened up new opportunities. Despite all these changes, the government, with the support of international and local stakeholders, has persevered to safeguard its biodiversity. 相似文献
158.
159.
Jorge I. Izquierdo Ana G. F. Castillo Fernando Ayllon Jeronimo de la Hoz Eva Garcia-Vazquez 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2006,75(2):153-157
Synopsis Stocking of fish from other populations has been commonly employed for enhancement of wild brown trout, Salmo trutta, populations in north Spain. Young hatchery reared brown trout of central European origin were introduced into some Asturian
rivers every year since 1984. Based on variation at the isozyme locus LDH-C1* and at the microsatellite locus BFRO 002, two genetic markers race-specific in Salmo trutta, we detected introgression of foreign genomes into native gene pools in some Spanish trout populations where only pure native
individuals were present 10 years ago. We strongly suggest development of alternative management policies for conservation
of Spanish natural brown trout populations without endangering the traditional recreational fisheries.
Jorge I. Izquierdo, Ana G. F. Castillo: These two authors contributed equally to the article. 相似文献
160.
Elisabeth Hochschorner Göran Finnveden 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2006,11(3):200-208
Goal, Scope and Background
Procurement in public and non-public organisations has the potential to influence product development towards more environmentally
friendly products. This article focuses on public procurement with procurement in Swedish defence as a special case. In 2003,
public procurement in Sweden was 28% of the GDP. In the Swedish defence sector the amount was 2% of the GDP. The total emissions
from the sector were of the same order of magnitude as from waste treatment (2% of Sweden's emissions). According to an appropriation
letter from the Ministry of Defence in 1998, the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) and the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration
(FMV) are required to take environmental issues into consideration during the entire process of acquiring defence materiel.
Environmental aspects are considered today, but without a life-cycle perspective.
- The aims of this article are to recommend suitable tools for taking environmental concerns into account, considering a product's
life-cycle, in the procurement process for defence materiel in Sweden; to make suggestions for how these tools could be used
in the acquisition process; and to evaluate these suggestions through interviews with actors in the acquisition process. The
procurement process does not include aspects specific to Swedish defence, and it is therefore likely to be comparable to processes
in other countries.
Methods
The method involved a study of current literature and interviews with various actors in the acquisition process. The life
cycle methods considered were quantitative Life Cycle Assessments, a simplified LCA-method called the MECO method and Life
Cycle Costing (LCC).
Results and Discussion
Methodology recommendations for quantitative LCA and simplified LCA are presented in the article, as well as suggestions on
how to integrate LCA methods in the acquisition process. We identified four areas for use for LCA in the acquisition process:
to learn about environmental aspects of the product; to fulfil requirements from customers; to set environmental requirements
and to choose between alternatives. Therefore, tools such as LCAs are useful in several steps in the acquisition process.
Conclusion
From the interviews, it became clear that the actors in the acquisition process think that environmental aspects should be
included early in the process. The actors are interested in using LCA methods, but there is a need for an initiative from
one or several of them if the method is to be used regularly in the process. Environmental and acquisition issues are handled
with very little interaction in the controlling and ordering organisation. An integration of environmental and acquisition
parts in these organisations is probably needed in order to integrate environmental aspects in general and life-cycle thinking
in particular. Other difficulties identified are costs and time constraints.
Recommendation and Perspective
In order to include the most significant aspects when procuring materiel, it is important to consider the whole life-cycle
of the products. Our major recommendation is that the defence sector should work systematically through different product
groups. For each product group, quantitative, traditional LCAs or simplified LCAs (in this case modified MECOs) should be
performed for reference products within each product group. The results should be an identification of critical aspects in
the life-cycles of the products. The studies will also form a database that can be used when making new LCAs. This knowledge
should then be used when writing specifications of what to procure and setting criteria for procurement. The reports should
be publicly available to allow reviews and discussions of results. To make the work more cost-effective, international co-operation
should be sought. In addition, LCAs can also be performed as an integrated part of the acquisition process in specific cases. 相似文献