北方冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系土壤氨挥发的原位测定

采用通气法测定了北方冬小麦／夏玉米轮作体系田间土壤的原位氨挥发。结果表明,与冬小麦施用基肥相比,夏玉米追肥后土壤的氨挥发速率很快升高,但军发高峰期持续时间较短,最大氨挥发速率亦低于冬小麦,冬小麦拨节期追肥,氨挥发速率低且呈波动变化,未出现高峰值,从整个生长季节来看,冬小麦不施氮和每公顷施氮120、240、360kg时的累计挥发量分别为4．4、6．9、13．0、38．4kgN/hm^2,夏玉米为8．4、15．1、20．0、26．1kgN/hm^2。按我国北方冬小麦／夏玉米播种面积1864．4万hm^2计,每年由氨挥发向大气排放的氨素达23．8－120．2万t,其中17．2－96．4万t来自氮肥,相当于氮肥投入的2．1％－9．5％。     

Crystal structure of homoserine O-acetyltransferase from Leptospira interrogans

Homoserine O-acetyltransferase (HTA, EC 2.3.1.31) initiates methionine biosynthesis pathway by catalyzing the transfer of acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to homoserine. This study reports the crystal structure of HTA from Leptospira interrogans determined at 2.2 Å resolution using selenomethionyl single-wavelength anomalous diffraction method. HTA is modular and consists of two structurally distinct domains—a core α/β domain containing the catalytic site and a helical bundle called the lid domain. Overall, the structure fold belongs to α/β hydrolase superfamily with the characteristic ‘catalytic triad’ residues in the active site. Detailed structure analysis showed that the catalytic histidine and serine are both present in two conformations, which may be involved in the catalytic mechanism for acetyl transfer.     

Iron and proteins for iron storage and detoxification

Iron is required by most organisms, but is potentially toxic due to the low solubility of the stable oxidation state, Fe(III), and to the tendency to potentiate the production of reactive oxygen species, ROS. The reactivity of iron is counteracted by bacteria with the same strategies employed by the host, namely by sequestering the metal into ferritin, the ubiquitous iron storage protein. Ferritins are highly conserved, hollow spheres constructed from 24 subunits that are endowed with ferroxidase activity and can harbour up to 4500 iron atoms as oxy-hydroxide micelles. The release of the metal upon reduction can alter the microorganism-host iron balance and hence permit bacteria to overcome iron limitation. In bacteria, the relevance of the Dps (DNA-binding proteins from starved cells) family in iron storage-detoxification has been recognized recently. The seminal studies on the protein from Listeria innocua demonstrated that Dps proteins have ferritin-like activity and most importantly have the capacity to attenuate the production of ROS. This latter function allows bacterial pathogens that lack catalase, e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis, to survive in an aerobic environment and resist to peroxide stress.     

蛇足石杉内生真菌Shiraia sp. Slf14中赖氨酸脱羧酶基因的克隆、表达及功能

【目的】阿尔茨海默症治疗药物石杉碱甲(Huperzine A,Hup A)的生物合成途径起始于赖氨酸脱羧酶(Lysine decarboxylase,LDC)。本研究克隆及表达了来源于产Hup A的植物内生真菌的LDC基因,并研究了其功能。【方法】采用RT-PCR扩增法,从一株产Hup A的蛇足石杉内生真菌Shiraia sp.Slf14获得LDC基因,构建表达质粒p ET-22b-LDC与p ET-32a-LDC,转化感受态细胞E.coli BL21,加入IPTG至终浓度为1×10~(–3) mol/L,于24°C、200 r/min培养8 h,诱导表达LDC蛋白质;通过Ni~(2+)金属亲和层析纯化重组LDC并建立酶促反应体系,利用TLC检测了LDC催化活性。利用生物信息学软件分析了LDC的理化性质及蛋白质的空间结构。【结果】成功克隆并异源表达出重组蛋白LDC与Trx-LDC,经SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定分子量分别为24.4 k Da和42.7 k Da,与预计大小相符。TLC结果表明LDC与Trx-LDC均具有赖氨酸脱羧酶活性。【结论】本研究从产Hup A的蛇足石杉内生真菌Shiraia sp.Slf14中成功克隆到LDC基因并进行了异源表达,检测到了其催化活性,为丰富LDC分子信息及阐明内生真菌中Hup A生物合成机制提供参考数据。     

中国土厉螨属1新记录和美绥螨属1新记录（蜱螨亚纲：中气门目：厉螨科，美绥螨科）

报道中国革螨2新记录：扁圆土厉螨Ololaelaps placentulus（Berlese,1887）和小筐美绥螨Ameroseius corbiculus（Soverby,1806）。     

中国淡水拟多甲藻属研究

拟多甲藻属Peridiniopsis Lemmermann是重要的淡水有壳甲藻,是形成淡水甲藻水华的主要类群之一。该属被定义为不具或仅有一块前间插板的多甲藻类群,其板片格式为3–5′,0–1a,6–7(8)″,5″′,2″″。迄今,全球范围内报道的拟多甲藻属约有20种。通过对所采集国内甲藻标本的整理和鉴定,描述了8种及1变种,并对其形态特征、板片排列、生境和分布进行了简述。其中有3个是中国新纪录,它们是柏林拟多甲藻P.berolinensis(Lemmermann)Bourrelly、波吉拟多甲藻P.borgei Lemmermann和柯维拟多甲藻P.kevei Grig-orszky et Vasas。     

四川卧龙三江保护区珙桐群落边缘效应的研究

通过对珙桐(Davidia involucrata)群落中心及边缘的调查研究,采用Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson物种多样性指数、Shannon-Weiner物种多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数等多样性指数及物种数个体数分析了群落乔木层、灌木层、草本层及总体的物种多样性。得出以下结果:样地1,从几个指标看除Simpson指数中心<南边缘<北边缘外,其余都各指标均是南边缘<北边缘<中心。样地2,珙桐群落多样性变化,从计算的几个多样性指数看物种丰富度和均匀度的变化趋势相同,都是东边缘<中心<南边缘。而物种的多样性指数是东边缘<南边缘<中心。南边缘在各个指数上都比东边缘高。     

Distribution of ground-dwelling beetles （Coleoptera） across a forest-clearcut ecotone in Wolong Natural Reserve, southwestern China

Abstract The influence of edge effect on ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera) across a forest-clearcut ecotone was studied in Wolong Natural Reserve, southwestern China. During the field research, a total of 30 739 beetles were collected with pitfall traps along transects, which extending 100 m from the edge into the forest interior and 100 m into the clearcut. Of the collection, Carabidae comprised 92%, Staphylinidae 3%, Curculionidae 2%, and Tenebrionidae 2%, and these four families can be considered as abundant groups. Family richness, Shannon diversity and equitability display a significant decrease from forest interior, edge to clearcut. Based on the family composition and abundance, ground-dwelling beetles of the forest interior can be separated from those in the clearcut by Principal coordinate analysis ordination, and beetle assemblages in the forest edge were more similar to forest assemblages than to those found in the clearcut by cluster analysis. Seasonal dynamics of family richness showed a monotone peak in the middle season, with a highest value in the forest interior and a lowest value in the clearcut. Family abundance showed two peaks in the middle season, always with more individuals in the clearcut than in the forest interior or in the edge. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the cover of shrub and litter were the two most important factors in determining family richness, Shannon diversity, equitability and abundance. Our results show that the forest edge and clearcut have obviously different composition and diversity of ground-dwelling beetles from forest interior at the family level. However, more edges have been formed due to increasing forest fragmentation (clearcutting or logging), so it is necessary to preserve large and intact forest to protect the diversity of ground-dwelling beetles in Wolong Natural Reserve.