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61.
Uncultivated plants growing on disturbed sites may be useful for assessing the bioavailability of some metals in soils, and thus the potential for metal mobilization up the terrestrial food chain, an important element in ecological risk assessment. A planted chicory cultivar (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum Hegi.) and the uncultivated plants horseweed (Canada fleabane) (Erigeron canadensis L.) and dogfennel (Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small) were evaluated for their ability to act as index plant species for soil Cd, Cr, Ni, and V at two field sites where these metals had been applied five yr previously to two highly weathered sandy Ultisols. Soil Cd was available to all analyzed plant tissues of all three plant species at both sites, particularly on the sandier Blanton soil. Chicory was an effective index plant for Cd on the finer textured Orangeburg soil but functioned as an indicator plant (toxicity symptoms were observed) on the sandier Blanton soil. Horseweed and dogfennel were effective index plants for Cd in both contaminated soils. Soil Cr, Ni, and V were less bioavailable than soil Cd and plant metal uptake was more sensitive to residual soil Cr, Ni, and V than was soil extraction with double acid. Horseweed and chicory may have potential as index plants for soil Cr. Chicory may have potential as a Ni index plant. Chicory and dogfennel may have potential as V index plants. 相似文献
62.
C. Rabarivola B. Meier C. Langer W. Scheffrahn Y. Rumpler 《Primates; journal of primatology》1996,37(2):215-225
Analysis for genetic variation of insular and mainland populations ofEulemur macaco has revealed: (1) a different degree of genetic variation between populations; and (2) the phylogenetic relationships between
groups, on the islands of Nosy-Be and Nosy-Komba, and in the Peninsula of Ambato (Madagascar). Eleven systems of blood proteins
from 157 animals were used as genetic markers. The genetic variation was lower on the island of Nosy-Komba than in the mainland
of Ambato. This is consistent with the expectation that genetic variation is lower on islands than on mainlands. In contrast,
the genetic variation on the island of Nosy-Be was the highest of the three populations. This finding can best be explained
by assuming that the sample of Nosy-Be consists of individuals of several small isolated groups, where genetic drift computation
showed the population of Nosy-Be to be distinct, and the populations of Nosy-Komba and Ambato to be close within the same
branch of the dendrogram. These findings give an insight into the population history of the island of Nosy-Komba, which might
have been populated by mainland groups from Ambato. 相似文献
63.
P. Vellekoop J. B. Buntjer J. W. Maas J. van Brederode 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,92(8):1085-1090
On the basis of gene frequency data of three flavone glycosylating genes, populations of the agricultural weed Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae) in Europe can be divided into two chemical races: an eastern and a western race. Morphological data also show a clear east-west division. When the two datasets are combined at least nine different geographical races can be distinguished using cluster analysis. Because these observations are hard to explain by selection, it has been proposed that these different races probably originated as a consequence of migration during the spread of agriculture over Europe in the past. To discriminate between selection and genetic drift many more selectively neutral easy-to-score characters are needed. In order to test whether random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) might be suitable for this purpose, we performed a small-scale RAPD analysis on 16 geographical different populations. Using Jaccard's coefficient of similarity, we calculated genetic distances by pair-wise comparisons of both unique and shared amplification products, and a dendrogram was subsequently constructed using an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetical averages (UPGMA). On the basis of the dendrogram two clusters were discerned that clearly coincide with the aforementioned east-west division in populations. As there has been little or no artificial selection on this weed, its migration routes may be a good reflection of the different geographical routes agriculture has taken. We propose that a phylogenetic analysis of RAPD data of many more populations may provide additional information on the spread of agriculture over Europe. 相似文献
64.
Yeehn Yeeh Soon Suk Kang Hye Gi Chung Mun Su Chung Myong Gi Chung 《Journal of plant research》1996,109(2):161-168
Vitex rotundifolia L.f. is a woody perennial and has sexual and asexual modes of reproduction. Allozyme study was conducted on 550 plants in
13 Korean populations. The levels of genetic variability and divergence within and among populations, respectively, are considerably
lower and higher than the mean values for woody plants with similar life history tralts. Mean percentage of polymorphic loci
(P
P), mean number of alleles per locus (A
P), and mean genetic diversity (He
P) within populations ofV. rotundifolia were: 16.7%, 1.21, and 0.047. On average, about 79% of the total variation inV. rotundifolia was common to all populations (meanG
ST=0.208). In addition, significant differences in allele frequencies among populations were found in all polymorphic loci examined
(P<0.001). On the other hand, levels of genotypic diversity within and among populations were moderate. About 44% (18/41) of
multilocus genotypes were “local genotypes” (genotypes occurring in only one population), whereas only one “widespread genotype”
(genotypes occurring in more than 75% of the populations) were detected. The mean number of multilocus genotypes per population
(G) and mean genotypic diversity index (D
G) were 8.4 and 0.74, respectively. Most common multilocus genotypes found in populations were homozygous for five polymorphic
loci. The abundance of ramets of these genets is responsible for the low levels of expected heterozygosity within populations.
The results indicate that clonal reproduction may act as an enhancer of genetic drift by reducing effective size of local
populations ofV. rotundifolia. 相似文献
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69.
不同生境下蓝桉的木材解剖研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
用光镜及扫描电镜对不同生境下的蓝桉(Eucalyptusglobulus Labill.)木材结构进行了解剖学观察,描述了木材结构特征。以蓝桉木材的11 个主要特征——导管频率、单孔率、导管直径、导管分子长度、管胞长度和直径、纤维管胞长度和直径、纤维长度、射线频率和高度为指标,对生长在不同生境下的蓝桉进行比较发现:随着纬度的增加,生长轮变化不明显;木材中大部分组成分子的数量特征,除导管频率有降低趋势外均与纬度成正相关。评述了年降雨量对蓝桉木材结构的影响 相似文献
70.
合理用药生态控制茶小绿叶蝉主要措施与评价 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
合理用药生态控制茶小绿叶蝉主要措施与评价张觉晚,王沅江(湖南省茶叶研究所,长沙410145)PrincipalTechniquesofRationalUseofPesticideforEcologicalControloverTeaGresnLeaf... 相似文献