Improvement of Early Maturing and Climate Resilient Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) Cultivars Suitable for Multiple Environments in Bangladesh

Ensuring food security for the rapidly increasing population and changing climatic scenarios are requisites for exploiting the genetic divergence of food crops. A study was undertaken to sort out an early maturing chickpea variety for fitting easily between rice-rice cropping systems in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain of Bangladesh. The trial was comprised of eight elite lines of chickpea and executed at various localities in Bangladesh from 2014– 15 to 2017–18. The result explored the chickpea genotype, BARI Chola-11 remained superior to the rest of the elite genotypes for having a short maturity period (100–106 days), and lesser days to 50% flowering (47– 55 days). The same genotype was recorded to have robust vegetative and reproductive yield attributes including plant height (49–57 cm), podsplant⁻¹ (37–50), and optimum 100 seed weight (19.5–20.6 g). Owing to better yield attributes, BARI Chola-11 resulted in the maximum seed yield (1200–1500 kg ha⁻¹ ) of chickpea and might be recommended for general adoption in the region for boosting nutritional security status through improved productivity under changing climate.     

胰腺癌早期检测的生物标志物（英文）

胰腺癌症是最难诊断和治疗的恶性肿瘤之一,其特点是发病隐匿、进展迅速、预后差。目前,手术治疗仍然是首选治疗方法。然而由于缺乏早期症状,大约70%的患者在确诊时已经出现局部扩散或远端转移,从而无法进行手术治疗。由此看来,早期检测是提高患者治疗效果和预后的有效途径。临床上使用的成像方法 （CT、MRI、EUS等）通常无法检测早期病变,并且很容易受到操作员的影响。常规临床标志物如CA19-9、CA125、CA242和CEA受到限制,其敏感性或特异性不令人满意。因此,寻找新的具有高敏感性和特异性的标志物是实现胰腺癌早期检测的关键。近年来,对生物标志物的广泛研究主要集中在遗传学、转录组学和蛋白质组学上。特别是由microRNA(miRNA)、long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)和circRNA(circRNA)组成的非蛋白质编码RNA(non-protein coding RNA,ncRNA)为胰腺癌的早期检测提出了许多新思路。然而,其中绝大多数仍处于实验室研究阶段。而一项成熟的生物标志物研究应该整合基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学或代谢组学的数据,并结合患者的个体特征（如体重指数...     

银杏速生早实示范栽培试验

本研究是在我区银杏主产区兴安进行的８０多亩,３０００多株的示范栽培试验。其综合技术措施是选用良种嫁接苗、适当密植、配置雄株、整形修剪、合理施肥、防治病虫害及促花早实等。种后５—６年取得速生、早实、高产的良好效果。     

Adrenalectomy Potentiates Immediate Early Gene Expression in Rat Brain

Administration of kainate or pentylenetetrazole increased c-fos, c-jun, junB, and junD mRNA levels in rat brain in a dose-dependent manner. Kainate increased these mRNA levels predominantly in the hippocampus, and pentylenetetrazole was more effective in the cortex. Adrenalectomy (3 days) was used to eliminate endogenous glucocorticoid hormones. Adrenalectomy significantly potentiated kainate-induced increases, compared with increases caused by kainate (4 mg/kg) alone, in the hippocampal mRNA levels of c-fos and junB by 6.5-fold and of junD by twofold and tended to augment c-jun mRNA. Corticosterone administration blocked the potentiated stimulation of these mRNA levels caused by adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy also significantly increased pentylenetetrazole-induced levels of c-fos mRNA in the cortex. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoids modulate immediate early gene expression in the brain, raising the possibility that this interaction contributes to interneuronal and interindividual differences in responses to stimuli and to the effects of stress- or disease-induced changes in glucocorticoid concentrations.     

Community structure and abundance of insects in response to early‐season aphid infestation in wild cabbage populations

1. Changes in the arthropod community structure can be attributed to differences in constitutively expressed plant traits or those that change depending on environmental conditions such as herbivory. Early‐season herbivory may have community‐wide effects on successive insect colonisation of host plants and the identity of the initially inducing insect may determine the direction and strength of the effects on the dynamics and composition of the associated insect community. 2. Previous studies have addressed the effect of early infestation with a chewing herbivore. In the present study, the effect of early infestation was investigated with a phloem‐feeding aphid [Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera, Aphididae)] on the insect community associated with three wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) populations, which are known to differ in defence chemistry, throughout the season in field experiments. 3. Aphid infestation had asymmetric effects on the associated insect community and only influenced the abundance of the natural enemies of aphids, but not that of chewing herbivores and their natural enemies. The effect size of aphid infestation further depended on the cabbage population. 4. Aphid feeding has been previously reported to promote host‐plant quality for chewing herbivores, which has been attributed to antagonism between the two major defence signalling pathways controlled by the hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), respectively. Our results show no effects of early infestation by aphids on chewing herbivores, suggesting the absence of long‐term JA–SA antagonism. 5. Investigating the effects of the identity of an early‐season coloniser and genotypic variation among plant populations on insect community dynamics are important in understanding insect–plant community ecology.     

Effect of restricted feeding on early maturation in female and male amago salmon, Oncorhynchus mason ishikawae

Incidence of early maturation of female amago salmon was reduced by >32% by feed restriction beginning in May, 5 months prior to spawning. Male early maturation was unaffected by this feed restriction regime.     

Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin: Ultrastructural studies of its effect on silkworm midgut cells

Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin induced a cytoplasmic response in columnar cells within 1 min after ingestion although external symptoms were not exhibited by larvae until 15 min after ingestion. Microvilli became less consistently uniform in diameter; their organized internal microfilaments were disrupted and disappeared. The cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were enlarged and denuded of ribosomes. By 5 min after ingestion, microvilli of some columnar cells disappeared entirely and gross ultrastructural changes were observed in other regions of the cells. Up to 5 min after ingestion there were few, if any, ultrastructural changes observed within goblet cells. Mitochondria in columnar cells were swollen but did not exhibit the condensed configuration reported by other workers. Both the buffer system used in the fixation medium and its osmolarity influenced the changes in the ultrastructure of midgut cells exposed to B. thuringiensis crystal toxin.