Maternal separation and early stress cause long‐lasting effects on dopaminergic and endocannabinergic systems and alters dendritic morphology in the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex in rats

A considerable amount experimental studies have shown that maternal separation (MS) is associated with adult offspring abnormal behavior and cognition disorder. Accordingly, this experimental procedure has been proposed as a predictor for alcohol and drug dependence based on the neurodevelopmental soon after birth. Endocannabinoid system (eCBs) has been implicated in reward processes, including drug abuse and dependence. MS and associated stress causes changes in the eCBs that seem to facilitate alcohol consumption. In this study, we seek to evaluate potential morphological changes in neurons of the frontal cortex (FCx) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc), in the expression of receptors and enzymes of the endocannabinoid and dopamine systems and in second messengers, such as Akt, in adult rats subjected to MS and early stress (MS + ES; 2 × 180 min daily) vs. nonseparated rats (NMS). Results showed that MS + ES induces higher D2R expression and lower D3R, FAAH, and MAGL expression compared with NMS rats. Alterations in total dendritic length were also detected and were characterized by increases in the NAcc while there were decreases in the FCx. We believe MS + ES‐induced changes in the dopaminergic and endocannabinergic systems and in the neuronal microstructure might be contributing to alcohol seeking behavior and, potential vulnerability to other drugs in rats. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 819–831, 2016     

应用纯化的重组Epstein-Barr病毒早期抗原建立检测鼻咽癌病人血清IgA/EA抗体的ELISA方法

利用凝胶和离子交换柱(Mono Q)两次层析,将大肠杆菌表达的EB病毒早期抗原P138片段多肽纯化。以此P138为抗原,增加鼠抗人IgA单克隆抗体以扩大IgA的反应,建立了三步ELISA法。用本法检查了100例鼻咽癌病人和63例正常人血清中抗EB病毒IgA/EA抗体,病人血清的阳性检出率为86％,正常人有3例阳性(4.7％)。此结果表明,三步ELISA法较常用的间接ELISA法(阳性检出率为71％)敏感。     

Effect of Initial Nematode Population Density on the Interaction of Pratylenchus penetrans and Verticillium dahliae on 'Russet Burbank' Potato

Four similar growth chamber experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the initial population density (Pi) of Pratylenchus penetrans influences the severity of interactive effects of P. penetrans and Verticillium dahliae on shoot growth, photosynthesis, and tuber yield of Russet Burbank potato. In each experiment, three population densities of P. penetrans with and without concomitant inoculation with V. dahliae were compared with nematode-free controls. The three specific Pi of JR penetrans tested varied from experiment to experiment but fell in the ranges 0.8-2.5, 1.8-3.9, 2.1-8.8, and 7.5-32.4 nematodes/cm³ soil. Inoculum of V. dahliaewas mixed into soil, and the assayed density was 5.4 propagules/gram dry soil. Plants were grown 60 to 80 days in a controlled environment. Plant growth parameters in two experiments indicated significant interactions between P. penetrans and V. dahliae. In the absence of V. dahliae, P. penetrans did not reduce plant growth and tuber yield below that of the nematode-free control or did so only at the highest one or two population densities tested. In the presence of K dahliae, the lowest population density significantly reduced shoot weight and photosynthesis in three and four experiments, respectively. Higher densities had no additional effect on shoot weight and caused additional reductions in photosynthesis in only one experiment. Population densities of 0.8 and 7.5 nematodes/cm³ soil reduced tuber yield by 51% and 45%, whereas higher densities had no effect or a 15% additional effect, respectively. These data indicate that interactive effects between P. penetrans and V. dahliae on Russet Burbank potato are manifested at P. penetrans population densities less than 1 nematode/cm³ soil and that the nematode population density must be substantially higher before additional effects are apparent.     

鸡肠道微生物演替与早期定植的研究进展

鸡肠道中寄生着数量庞大且复杂多样的微生物,对宿主的生长发育和健康十分重要,既影响着饲料消化、营养物质吸收,又参与了宿主肠道形态和免疫系统的调控。深入了解鸡肠道微生物区系的时空变化及早期定植特点,将有助于提出新的肠道微生态干预策略,应用于生产。就鸡肠道微生物组成和演替、早期微生物区系建立及调控等方面进行综述,并总结了一些最新研究进展。     

华南双季稻区早稻收割和晚稻移栽对褐飞虱种群动态的影响

为了阐明华南双季稻区早稻收割和晚稻移栽对褐飞虱种群动态的影响,2011年在韶关市采用田间调查与卵巢解剖的方法研究了双季早稻、双季晚稻、田埂杂草上褐飞虱的种群动态及虫源性质。结果表明:早稻收割后,早稻上大量的褐飞虱1～2龄若虫被淘汰,3龄以上若虫及成虫不断转移扩散致使附近晚稻秧田和杂草上褐飞虱虫量突增;晚稻移栽之后,杂草及晚稻秧田的褐飞虱又向新插秧的晚稻进行转移,但成为有效虫源的虫量较少,因此,早稻收割和晚稻移栽对褐飞虱种群动态造成了极为不利的影响,晚稻秧田和田埂杂草可作为褐飞虱转移过程中的流动栖息场所,在褐飞虱虫量转移中起着一定的作用。     

万寿菊属不同品种初花期抗旱特性分析

以万寿菊属(Tagetes)9个品种为试验材料,研究了自然持续干旱胁迫对它们初花期的花最大直径、叶色、旱害指数等形态指标以及叶绿素含量(Chl a+b,Ch a/b)、叶片相对含水量(RWC)、叶片保水力(WHC)、叶片和花的脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标的影响,以揭示其抗旱特性及其生理机制.结果显示:(1)持续6d干旱胁迫条件下,万寿菊9个品种花的最大直径显著降低,叶绿素含量和相对含水量均呈明显下降趋势.(2)万寿菊叶片的脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量均呈上升趋势;而花的脯氨酸含量持续上升,可溶性蛋白含量呈下降趋势,但可溶性糖含量变化趋势复杂.(3)万寿菊旱害指数与其叶片相对含水量、叶绿素总含量、叶片和花的脯氨酸含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量呈极显著相关.研究表明,抗旱性强的品种可以通过调节自身的渗透调节物质含量减轻干旱伤害;9个品种初花期抗旱性强弱依次为:珍妮>金门>鸿运>拳王>巨人>发现>小英雄>大英雄>迪阿哥.     

早期干预ERK在脊髓的激活可阻断外周神经损伤引起的神经病理性疼痛的发生

本文采用大鼠坐骨神经慢性压迫损伤引起的神经病理痛模型,研究脊髓背角细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulatedkinase,ERK)在外周神经损伤引起的神经病理疼痛发生中的作用.结果显示,单侧坐骨神经压迫性损伤后1天,大鼠损伤侧脊髓背角ERK的磷酸化(激活)水平显著上调,其下游转录因...     

Adaptor protein containing PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper (APPL1) regulates the protein level of EGFR by modulating its trafficking

The EGFR-mediated signaling pathway regulates multiple biological processes such as cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Previously APPL1 (adaptor protein containing PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper 1) has been reported to function as a downstream effector of EGF-initiated signaling. Here we demonstrate that APPL1 regulates EGFR protein levels in response to EGF stimulation. Overexpression of APPL1 enhances EGFR stabilization while APPL1 depletion by siRNA reduces EGFR protein levels. APPL1 depletion accelerates EGFR internalization and movement of EGF/EGFR from cell surface to the perinuclear region in response to EGF treatment. Conversely, overexpression of APPL1 decelerates EGFR internalization and translocation of EGF/EGFR to the perinuclear region. Furthermore, APPL1 depletion enhances the activity of Rab5 which is involved in internalization and trafficking of EGFR and inhibition of Rab5 in APPL1-depleted cells restored EGFR levels. Consistently, APPL1 depletion reduced activation of Akt, the downstream signaling effector of EGFR and this is restored by inhibition of Rab5. These findings suggest that APPL1 is required for EGFR signaling by regulation of EGFR stabilities through inhibition of Rab5.     

胰腺癌的生物学临床诊断研究进展

胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer,PC)是一种发病率接近死亡率、死亡率极高的恶性肿瘤.由于胰腺癌早期无明显病症,许多病人确诊时已是癌症末期,错过了最佳的治疗时期,预后极差,因此,迫切需要高效的胰腺癌早期诊断生物标志物.随着高通量测序技术(next-generation sequencing,NGS)、高分辨质...