Back Cover: Prolonged in vivo functional assessment of the mouse oviduct using optical coherence tomography through a dorsal imaging window (J. Biophotonics 5/2018)

Optical coherence tomography through an implanted dorsal imaging window allows for prolonged in vivo structural and functional assessment of the mouse oviduct (Fallopian tube), including threedimensional structural imaging, quantitative measurements of the smooth muscle contraction, and mapping of cilia beat frequency. This method brings new opportunities for live studies and longitudinal analyses of mouse reproductive events in the native context. Further details can be found in the article by Shang Wang et al. ( e201700316 ).

     

大鼠中缝背核和中央上核内5－HT能神经元生后发育的免疫细胞化学及图像分析研究

本实验采用免疫细胞化学方法,研究了大白鼠中缝背核及中央上核内５－ＨＴ能神经元的生后转折变化,并结合图像分析对中缝中央上核内５－ＨＴ能神经元的生后发育进行了定量研究。结果显示,在生后第１天,中缝背核和中央上核内５－ＨＴ阳性胞体密集排列,突起较短。从Ｐ１到Ｐ３０,中缝背核内,５－ＨＴ阳性胞体密度明显降低,外侧部５－ＨＴ阳性细胞突起的长度显著增加。中缝中央上核内,至Ｐ１０,５－ＨＴ阳性胞体仍密集排列,且胞体增大,至Ｐ３０,细胞排列变得疏松。从Ｐ９０到Ｐ９０,中缝背核和中央上核内阳性细胞的分布及形态无明显变化。统计学处理结果表明,中缝中央上核内５－ＨＴ能胞体数量从Ｐ１到Ｐ３０有显著性增加,从Ｐ３０到Ｐ９０有显著性减少。胞体面积及周长从Ｐ１至Ｐ３０逐渐增加,在Ｐ１０至Ｐ３０阶段增长最快。Ｐ１与Ｐ３０以及Ｐ１与Ｐ９０比较,胞体形状因子显著增加。从Ｐ１至Ｐ３０,中缝中央上核外侧散布的５－ＨＴ阳性细胞逐渐减少,至成年只能偶尔见到,且胞体变得不规则。     

强电针穴位对背角神经元镇痛效应广泛性的中枢机制

实验用雄性大鼠,玻璃微电极细胞外记录Ｔ１２－Ｌ１脊髓背角会聚神经元对后爪伤害性刺激的反应,观察到低强度（２Ｖ）电针作用于与痛源接近的“足三里”穴对背角神经元的伤害性反应有明显的抑制作用,而远隔穴位“下关”穴则无效。而当采用超过Ｃ类纤维阈值１８Ｖ电针时,则远隔穴位“下关”也有明显的镇痛作用。表现为强电针穴位镇痛作用的广泛性。而损毁ＮＲＭ后,强电针（１８Ｖ）远节段“下关”穴的镇痛作用消失,而近节段“足     

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of distinct isoforms of the heavy neurofilament protein NF-H

Summary 1. Previous immunohistochemical studies led to the suggestion that distinctly phosphorylated neurofilament isoforms exist in different types of neurons. We have recently examined this hypothesis by direct biochemical experiments, which revealed that the heavy neurofilament protein NF-H of bovine ventral root cholinergic neurons is more acidic and markedly more phosphorylated than that of bovine dorsal root neurons.2. In the present study we employed this system to study the degree to which distinctly phosphorylated NF-H isoforms differ in the extents to which they can be phosphorylated and dephosphorylatedin vitro. This was performed utilizing alkaline phosphatase and protein kinase PK40^ERK, which is specific to serines of Lys-Ser-Pro (KSP) repeats. The results obtained reveal that:3. The more extensively phosphorylated ventral root NF-H is dephosphorylated more rapidly than dorsal root NF-H.4. Ventral root NF-H and dorsal root NF-H in their native form are both poor substrates of PK40^ERK.5. Following dephosphorylation, ventral root and dorsal root NF-H are phosphorylated extensively and differentially by this kinase. Under these conditions, PK40^ERK catalyzes the incorporation of, respectively, 4.2±1.3 and 2.8±0.6 mol of phosphate per molecule of ventral root NF-H and dorsal root NF-H. The ratio of phosphates incorporated into ventral root NF-H to those incorporated into dorsal root NF-H is 1.46±0.17.6. These findings support the hypothesis that different classes of neurons contain distinctly phosphorylated neurofilaments and show that ventral root and dorsal root neurons are a useful model system for studying the distinct characteristics of neurofilament phosphorylation in different types of neurons.     

Preferential Potentiation of the Effects of Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors by 5-HT1A Receptor Antagonists in the Dorsal Raphe Pathway: Role of Somatodendritic Autoreceptors

Abstract: 5-HT_1A autoreceptor antagonists enhance the effects of antidepressants by preventing a negative feedback of serotonin (5-HT) at somatodendritic level. The maximal elevations of extracellular concentration of 5-HT (5-HT_ext) induced by the 5-HT uptake inhibitor paroxetine in forebrain were potentiated by the 5-HT_1A antagonist WAY-100635 (1 mg/kg s.c.) in a regionally dependent manner (striatum > frontal cortex > dorsal hippocampus). Paroxetine (3 mg/kg s.c.) decreased forebrain 5-HT_ext during local blockade of uptake. This reduction was greater in striatum and frontal cortex than in dorsal hippocampus and was counteracted by the local and systemic administration of WAY-100635. The perfusion of 50 µmol/L citalopram in the dorsal or median raphe nucleus reduced 5-HT_ext in frontal cortex or dorsal hippocampus to 40 and 65% of baseline, respectively. The reduction of cortical 5-HT_ext induced by perfusion of citalopram in midbrain raphe was fully reversed by WAY-100635 (1 mg/kg s.c.). Together, these data suggest that dorsal raphe neurons projecting to striatum and frontal cortex are more sensitive to self-inhibition mediated by 5-HT_1A autoreceptors than median raphe neurons projecting to the hippocampus. Therefore, potentiation by 5-HT_1A antagonists occurs preferentially in forebrain areas innervated by serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus.     

脊髓背角痛觉传递和调制的一些化学解剖学观察

本实验研究了脊髓背角内Ｃ纤维末梢的分布和突触学特征及其一些神经递质化学构筑;定量观察了急性痛引起背角的递质变化;显示了初级传入Ｃ纤维,抑制性中间神经元和背角伤害性感受神经元三者之间的突触关系,并探讨它们在痛觉信息传递和调制中的作用。     

刺激中缝背核对视交叉上核光敏神经元单位放电的影响

本实验观察刺激中缝背核对大鼠视交叉上核光敏神经元单位放电的影响,并进行药理学分析。结果表明,刺激ＤＲ能明显抑制ＳＣＮ神经元光诱发放电,这种抑制作用能被单胺氧化酶抑制剂优降宁增强,能被５－ＨＴ合成抑制剂对氯苯丙氨酸减弱,还能被５－ＨＴ受体拮抗剂赛庚啶阻断。结果提示,５－ＨＴ参与了刺激ＤＲ对ＳＣＮ光敏神经元放电的抑制。     

硝基左旋精氨酸对睡眠抑制作用的机制研究

本文观察了硝基左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－ＮＮＡ,５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,ｉｐ）和Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－ａｒｇ,１１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,ｉｐ）对慢性植入电极的大鼠睡眠－觉醒周期的影响及中缝核５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）神经元免疫阳性反应的变化。结果表明：Ｌ－ＮＮＡ显著抑制慢波睡眠和快眼动睡眠,使平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）升高。Ｌ－ａｒｇ则使ＭＡＰ显著降低,对睡眠无明显影响。预先给予Ｌ－ａｒｇ可逆转Ｌ－ＮＮＡ的效应。腹腔给予Ｌ－ＮＮＡ后２ｈ,