Production and Accumulation of Xylooligosaccharides with Long Chains by Growing Culture and Xylanase of a Mutant Strain of Bacillus pumilus X-6-19

Bacillus pumilus X-6-9 isolated from soil and subsequently identified, produced xylooligosacchatides with long chainsfrom xylan and accumulated them in the culture. By improving the culture conditions and mutating the bacterium, a 3.2-fold increasein the production of the xylooligosaccharides was established, when compared to the original culture conditions of B. pumilus X-6-19.The addition of D-glucose to the culture of the mutant swain U-3 of B. pumilus X-6-9 repressed the synthesis of β-xylosidase, but notxylanase. Thus, it was revealed that strain U-3 was a good organism for the production and accumulation of xylooligosaccharideswith long chains from xylan by a microbial culture. Xylanase produced by strain U-3 was purified to homogeneity and characterized.The hydrolyzates generated by the purified xylanase contained xylobiose, xylotrinse, xylotewaose, and xylopentaose, but not xylose.     

Homology modeling threedimensional structure of AnxB1 and reducing its immunogenicity by sequence-deleted mutagenesis

AnxB1,a novel annexin previously isolated from Cysticercus cellulose,shows high thrombi affinity and anticoagulant activity in vivo.In order to investigate the relationship between structure and biological function,a predicted three-dimensional(3D)model of AnxB1 was generated by homology modeling.This model contains four homologous internal-domains and the Cα trace of domain Ⅰ,Ⅱ and IV shows high similarity.Based on the structure characterization,four sequence-deleted mutants were constructed and expressed as GST fusion proteins in E.coli.Two of the mutants,GST-M3 and GST-M4 reserved high anticoagulant activity(p＜0.01 vs.GST).Furthermore,compared with the wild type GST-AnxB1,the immunogenicity of GST-M3 and GST-M4 was reduced significantly(p＜0.01)and the molecular weight was lowered to 27 kD and 34 kD,respectively.These observations laid a solid foundation for further study on developing new thrombolytic agents with higher efficiency and lower side effect.     

含锰固氮酶组分Ⅰ蛋白的纯化和特性

棕色固氮菌（Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变种UW3能在无Mo的无氨培养基中固氮生长,低浓度的Mn对UW3突变种生长有促进作用,从在Mn中生长的UW3菌体中分离得到的部分纯固氮酶组分Ⅰ蛋白含量有Mn和Fe原子（Fe/Mo/Mn为10．41：0．19：1．00）并有OP MoFe蛋白一半的还原乙炔和质子的活性。这种蛋白的吸收光谱和圆二色谱与MoFe蛋白存在明显的差异,含Mn蛋白的亚基分子量都与MoFe蛋白的α亚基相近。初步结果表明,这种含Mn蛋白可胡是一种固氮酶组分Ⅰ蛋白。     

1H and15N resonance assignments and secondary structure of the human thioredoxin C62A,C69A,C73A mutant

Summary The complete assignment of¹H and¹⁵N backbone resonances and near-complete¹H side-chain resonance assignments have been obtained for the reduced form of a mutant of human thioredoxin (105 residues) in which the three non-active site cysteines have been substituted by alanines: C62A, C69A, C73A. The assignments were made primarily on the basis of three-dimensional.¹⁵N-separated nuclear Overhauser and Hartmann-Hahn spectroscopy, in conjunction with two-dimensional homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation experiments. Based on comparisons of short-range and interstrand nuclear Overhauser effects, patterns of amide exchange, and chemical-shift differences, the structure appears essentially unchanged from that of the previously determined solution structure of the native protein [Forman-Kay. J.D. et al. (1991)Biochemistry, 30, 2685–2698). An assay for thioredoxin shows that the C62A, C69A, C73A mutant retains activity. The assignment of the spectrum for this mutant of human thioredoxin constitutes the basis for future studies aimed at comparing the details of the active-site conformation in the reduced and oxidized forms of the protein.     

缺失nifH的棕色固氮菌突变种固氮酶钼铁蛋白的结晶

从限氨固氮培养基中培养的缺失nifH的棕色固氮菌(AzotobactervinelandiiLipmann)突变种DJ54中,分离纯化出部分纯的缺失FeMoco的钼铁蛋白(ΔnifHAv1)。用相同纯化方法分别从DJ35和UW45突变种中纯化的ΔnifEAv1和NifB-Av1的纯度明显高于ΔnifHAv1的纯度。在合适的结晶条件下,可得到这三种蛋白的深棕色短斜四棱柱晶体。ΔnifHAv1与NifB-Av1一样,晶体形成所需的时间比ΔnifEAv1的长。而它结晶所需的沉淀剂和缓冲液最适浓度则与ΔnifEAv1的相同。SDS-PAGE鉴定表明,结晶的ΔnifHAv1与OPAv1的组成相似。这表明,在ΔnifHAv1溶液中形成的晶体可能就是该蛋白质的晶体。     

固氮酶铬铁蛋白和锰铁蛋白大单晶的培养

用液/液扩散法, 从分别含Cr和Mn的无氨培养基中生长的固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变种UW3中纯化出的CrFe蛋白和MnFe蛋白, 在合适的结晶条件下生长出深棕色大单晶(最大晶体的尺寸分别为0.20 mm×0.20 mm×0.07 mm 和 0.18 mm×0.18 mm×0.05 mm).PEG、MgCl2和NaCl 的浓度对这两种蛋白的出晶时间、晶核数目、晶体大小和形状都有明显影响.结果表明,用此结晶法有利于CrFe蛋白和MnFe蛋白生长出可供X-射线衍射分析的大单晶.     

逆境下拟南芥野生型和突变体sex1游离态水杨酸含量及根形态差异

以拟南芥野生型(WT)和突变体sex1为材料,采用HPLC、显微观察等方法,研究了WT在10个不同生长期时游离态水杨酸(SA)含量的变化,比较了在丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种(Pst.DC3000)、H2O2、甲基紫精(MV)和SA处理环境下WT和sex1中游离态SA含量及幼苗根形态的差异.结果表明:在花序继续开放期(6.30、6.50)以及长角果出现期(8.0),WT中游离态SA含量处在更低水平;2 mmol·L-1 SA处理能够极显著提高WT和突变体sex1中游离态SA的积累,且突变体sex1中游离态SA水平增加更明显,是其他处理游离态SA水平的10倍左右;在MV和H2O2处理下,WT和sex1主根生长受抑制的程度没有明显差异,而突变体sex1幼苗的根毛在低浓度MV环境中比WT更长但密度差异不明显,且WT和sex1根毛在低浓度H2O2环境中差异情况与对照组相似,但外源SA处理使WT和突变体sex1的主根生长均受到明显的抑制,两者的根毛密度随SA增加逐渐降低甚至消失,且突变体sex1比WT受到的抑制作用更明显.研究发现:拟南芥的开花和结果过程与SA依赖途径有一定关系;外源添加SA比Pst.DC3000、H2O2和MV处理更能直接促使拟南芥突变体sex1产生更多的游离态SA;突变体sex1根的生长发育比WT更易受到生长环境条件的影响,且sex1根形态的生长存在一定的SA浓度依赖模式.     

棕色固氮菌突变种UW45的固氮酶钼铁蛋白（NifB-Av1）结晶

经两次DE52和Sephacryl s一300柱层析,从棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变利UW45粗提液(37 677mg蛋白)中纯化得到628 mg的NifB^-Av1。经考马斯亮蓝R-250染色的SDS凝胶电泳分析表明,该蛋白基本达到SDS凝胶电泳纯,组成它的亚单位的种类与Av1(α和β亚单位)相似。NifB^-Av1不能与NifB^-Av2重组成具放氢活性的固氮酶,但可使与其保温重组的FeMoco显出高活性。在合适条件下,NifB^-Av1可在结晶溶液中析出棕色短斜四棱柱晶体,目前所得最大晶体的二维边长均为0．1mm。能否出现晶体以及出晶时间、晶体数目、大小、质量和形状等,与沉淀剂溶液各组分的种类和浓度、结晶方法、实验操作等因素密切相关。初步结果表明,所得晶体为NifB^-AV1单晶。