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91.
92.
1. Concentrations of the neurotransmitter amines noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and the acid metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in four regions of postmortem brains of demented patients with or without Alzheimer's disease (AD). 2. NA was deficient in the temporal cortex (BA 21) of AD, but not of non-AD, patients. 3. Caudate, in particular, had an impaired dopaminergic system in AD patients, with low HVA levels. 4. In all regions investigated [amygdala, caudate, putamen, temporal cortex (BA 21)] 5-HT was significantly depleted in AD patients, and 5-HIAA was also depleted in amygdala and caudate. 5. These results indicate that neurotransmitter systems other than cholinergic systems are also widely affected in AD and suggest that these deficits may also play an important role in determining the symptomatology of AD. 相似文献
93.
Roman G. Efremov Dmitry I. Gulyaev Gerard Vergoten Nikolai N. Modyanov 《Journal of Protein Chemistry》1992,11(6):665-675
A new computer-aided molecular modeling approach based on the concept of three-dimensional (3D) molecular hydrophobicity potential has been developed to calculate the spatial organization of intramembrane domains in proteins. The method has been tested by calculating the arrangement of membrane-spanning segments in the photoreaction center ofRhodopseudomonas viridis and comparing the results obtained with those derived from the X-ray data. We have applied this computational procedure to the analysis of interhelical packing in membrane moiety of Na+, K+-ATPase. The work consists of three parts. In Part I, 3D distributions of electrostatic and molecular hydrophobicity potentials on the surfaces of transmembrane helical peptides were computed and visualized. The hydrophobic and electrostatic properties of helices are discussed from the point of view of their possible arrangement within the protein molecule. Interlocation of helical segments connected with short extramembrane loops found by means of optimization of their hydrophobic/hydrophilic contacts is considered in Part II. The most probable 3D model of packing of helical peptides in the membrane domain of Na+, K+-ATPase is discussed in the final part of the work. 相似文献
94.
Serum antioxidant enzyme activity in Parkinson's disease 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jawahar Kalra Ali H. Rajput Subrahmanyam V. Mantha Kailash Prasad 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1992,110(2):165-168
Summary The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx; EC 1.11.1.9.), the enzymes that metabolize the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, were measured in serum
from healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The activities of SOD and GSHPx in patients with PD were higher than those in normal healthy individuals. These results suggest that the increased activities
of these enzymes could be due to oxidative stress in the initial stages of this disease. 相似文献
95.
Yoshiaki Sumiyoshi Masahiko Kikuchi Morishige Takeshita Kohiti Ohshima Yuhiti Masuda 《Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology》1992,61(1):201-207
In Japan, histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi’s disease) is a relatively common reactive lesion affecting lymph
nodes, but the histogenesis and pathogenesis of the disease have not been clarified. Alpha-interferon has a role in the body’s
defense against, viral infections. Using a polyclonal antibody to human alpha-interferon, we found numerous cells, mainly
histiocytes, containing alpha-interferon in affected foci in the lymph nodes from 24 patients with Kikuchi’s disease. Tubuloreticular
structures, thought by some authors to be associated with the production of interferon, were detected by electron microscopy
in histiocytes, activated lymphocytes and vascular endothelial cells in the affected foci. These results suggested that the
formation of tubuloreticular structures is a secondary phenomenon following stimulation by alpha-interferon. Further, the
activity of 2′–5′ oligoadenylate synthetase, which is induced by alpha-interferon and enhanced during the early or active
stage of viral infection, showed increased levels of activity in the active stage of Kikuchi’s disease and decreased to normal
levels in the convalescent stage 2 weeks later. These results suggested the possibility of a viral etiology for Kikuchi’s
disease. 相似文献
96.
Summary In order to evaluate the frequency of skin sensitivity to Storage Mites and the role of such sensitization in respiratory allergic disease in workers with occupational exposure to stored items we studied 217 dock workers, 93 farmers and 104 white collars.From the results of skin prick tests the sensitization to sole Storage Mites appears significantly higher among people working in docks or farms, compared with a control group. This confirms the role of the working environment in inducing sensitization to Storage Mites. Rhinitis and asthma however affect nearly always (27/29 cases) people with an associated sensitization to House Dust Mites. Further studies are needed to define the allergenic importance of Storage Mites in working environments. 相似文献
97.
J P Scheerlinck I Lasters M Claessens M De Maeyer F Pio P Delhaise S J Wodak 《Proteins》1992,12(4):299-313
A systematic survey of seven parallel alpha/beta barrel protein domains, based on exhaustive structural comparisons, reveals that a sizable proportion of the alpha beta loops in these proteins--20 out of a total of 49--belong to either one of two loop types previously described by Thornton and co-workers. Six loops are of the alpha beta 1 type, with one residue between the alpha-helix and beta-strand, and 13 are of the alpha beta 3 type, with three residues between the helix and the strand. Protein fragments embedding the identified loops, and termed alpha beta connections since they contain parts of the flanking helix and strand, have been analyzed in detail revealing that each type of connection has a distinct set of conserved structural features. The orientation of the beta-strand relative to the helix and loop portions is different owing to a very localized difference in backbone conformation. In alpha beta 1 connections, the chain enters the beta-strand via a residue adopting an extended conformation, while in alpha beta 3 it does so via a residue in a near alpha-helical conformation. Other conserved structural features include distinct patterns of side chain orientation relative to the beta-sheet surface and of main chain H-bonds in the loop and the beta-strand moieties. Significant differences also occur in packing interactions of conserved hydrophobic residues situated in the last turn of the helix. Yet the alpha-helix surface of both types of connections adopts similar orientations relative to the barrel sheet surface. Our results suggest furthermore that conserved hydrophobic residues along the sequence of the connections, may be correlated more with specific patterns of interactions made with neighboring helices and sheet strands than with helix/strand packing within the connection itself. A number of intriguing observations are also made on the distribution of the identified alpha beta 1 and alpha beta 3 loops within the alpha/beta-barrel motifs. They often occur adjacent to each other; alpha beta 3 loops invariably involve even numbered beta-strands, while alpha beta 1 loops involve preferentially odd beta-strands; all the analyzed proteins contain at least one alpha beta 3 loop in the first half of the eightfold alpha/beta barrel. Possible origins of all these observations, and their relevance to the stability and folding of parallel alpha/beta barrel motifs are discussed. 相似文献
98.
Detection of native-like models for amino acid sequences of unknown three-dimensional structure in a data base of known protein conformations. 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
We present an approach which can be used to identify native-like folds in a data base of protein conformations in the absence of any sequence homology to proteins in the data base. The method is based on a knowledge-based force field derived from a set of known protein conformations. A given sequence is mounted on all conformations in the data base and the associated energies are calculated. Using several conformations and sequences from the globin family we show that the native conformation is identified correctly. In fact the resolution of the force field is high enough to discriminate between a native fold and several closely related conformations. We then apply the procedure to several globins of known sequence but unknown three dimensional structure. The homology of these sequences to globins of known structures in the data base ranges from 49 to 17%. With one exception we find that for all globin sequences one of the known globin folds is identified as the most favorable conformation. These results are obtained using a force field derived from a data base devoid of globins of known structure. We briefly discuss useful applications in protein structural research and future development of our approach. 相似文献
99.
A directed conformational search algorithm using the program CONGEN (ref. 3), which samples backbone conformers, is described. The search technique uses information from the partially built structures to direct the search process and is tested on the problem of generating a full set of backbone Cartesian coordinates given only alpha-carbon coordinates. The method has been tested on six proteins of known structure, varying in size and classification, and was able to generate the original backbone coordinates with RMSs ranging from 0.30-0.87A for the alpha-carbons and 0.5-0.99A RMSs for the backbone atoms. Cis peptide linkages were also correctly identified. The procedure was also applied to two proteins available with only alpha-carbon coordinates in the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank; thioredoxin (SRX) and triacylglycerol acylhydrolase (TGL). All-atom models are proposed for the backbone of both these proteins. In addition, the technique was applied to randomized coordinates of flavodoxin to assess the effects of irregularities in the data on the final RMS. This study represents the first time a deterministic conformational search was used on such a large scale. 相似文献
100.
Phosphorus efficiency of plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Föhse et al. (1988) have shown that P influx per unit root length in seven plant species growing in a low-P soil varied from 0.6×10-14 to 4.8×10-14 mol cm-1s-1. The objective of this work was to investigate the reasons for these differences. No correlation was found between P influx and root radius, root hairs, cation-anion balance and Ca uptake. However, when root hairs were included in mathematical model calculations, the differences of P influx could be accounted for. These calculations have shown that in soils low in available P, contribution to P uptake by root hairs was up to 90% of total uptake. The large contribution of root hairs to P uptake was partly due to their surface area, which was similar to that of the root cylinder. However, the main reason for the high P uptake efficiency of root hairs was their small radius (approx. 5×10-4 cm) and their perpendicular growth into the soil from the root axis. Because of the small radius compared to root axes, P concentration at root hair surfaces decreased at a slower pace and therefore P influx remained higher. Under these conditions higher Imax (maximum influx) or smaller Km values (Michaelis constant) increased P influx. The main reasons for differences found in P influx among species were the size of Imax and the number and length of root hairs. In a soil low in available P, plant species having more root hairs were able to satisfy a higher proportion of their P demand required for maximum growth. 相似文献