The Biology of the Tospoviruses

The tospoviruses are a diverse, cosmopolitan and economically important genus of plant viruses. In the recent past, interest in the tospoviruses has been rekindled with the resurgence and expansion of tomato spotted wilt virus and the appearance of new tospoviruses, including impatiens necrotic spot. This renewed interest in the tospoviruses, accompanied with the many recent advances in plant virology techniques, particularly those utilising molecular biology, have resulted in a rapid growth of our understanding of these viruses. This paper provides a review of the tospoviruses, encompassing all the major aspects of their biology, including the recent changes in the classification of the genus and current knowledge on molecular biology, vector relations, control and diagnosis.     

一种基于流式细胞术的牛多细胞因子检测方法

本研究旨在建立一种基于流式细胞术的牛多细胞因子检测方法。对前期制备并筛选出的针对牛细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α、IP-10和MCP-1的单克隆抗体进行荧光标记,与细胞表面分子抗体组合搭配,进行牛多细胞因子流式检测方法的建立和优化。随后利用建立的方法进行BCG体外感染牛外周血单个核细胞的细胞因子表达规律测定,并结合CFP10-ESAT6蛋白刺激剂评价上述细胞因子作为牛结核诊断标识的潜力。建立的牛多细胞因子流式检测方法可以有效测定BCG感染牛外周血T淋巴细胞的细胞因子表达,其中IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α在感染40h后持续上升,而IP-10和MCP-1表达水平呈现下降趋势;对于牛外周血CD4⁺T淋巴细胞IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α的联合检测能有效区分牛结核阳性和阴性样品。这一方法为牛病原菌感染、疫苗注射后细胞免疫应答水平评价以及疫病诊断提供了重要技术手段。     

CT对于肝脏良性占位性病变及肝癌的鉴别诊断价值分析

目的:探讨CT对于肝脏良性占位性病变及肝癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法:收取2013年3月至2016年3月我院收治的肝脏良性占位性病变及肝癌患者101例作为研究对象,按照病变类型将其分为A、B、C三组。其中A组包含原发性肝癌患者32例,B组包含肝转移癌患者28例,C组包含肝血管瘤患者41例。采用CT全肝灌注扫描模式对三组患者占位病灶组织、病灶周围组织及正常肝脏组织灌注参数进行比较。结果:三组占位病灶组织,B组患者肝动脉灌注量(HAP)最低,C组患者HAP最高;A组患者门静脉灌注量(PVP)最低,C组患者PVP最高,三组两两比较均有显著差异(P0.05)。C组总肝灌注量(TLP)明显高于A组和B组(P0.05),A、B组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。三组肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)无明显差异(P0.05);B组病灶周围组织HAP及HPI明显高于A、C组(P0.05),A、C组间无统计学差异(P0.05);三组PVP及TLP差异不显著(P0.05);三组正常肝脏组织CT灌注参数均无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:CT灌注成像对于原发性肝癌、肝转移癌及肝血管瘤具有一定的鉴别诊断价值,但明确诊断仍需结合其他检测方法进行。     

Six new species of the spider genus Spiricoelotes species (Araneae,Agelenidae) from caves in Jiangxi,China

Six new species of the spider genus Spiricoelotes Wang, 2002 are described, Spiricoelotes anshiensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Spiricoelotes chufengensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Spiricoelotes nansheensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Spiricoelotes taipingensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), Spiricoelotes xianheensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♂♀) and Spiricoelotes xiongxinensis Chen & Li, sp. n. (♀). All new species were collected from caves in Jiangxi Province, China.     

癌症新型的诊疗靶点－APOBEC

APOBEC（“载脂蛋白质B mRNA编辑催化多肽”）是一类进化保守的胞苷脱氨酶家族。在人体内,已知含有保守的DNA胞嘧啶脱氨酶结构域的基因共有11种,包括AID、APOBEC1、APOBEC2、APOBEC3基因家族APOBEC3A、APOBEC3B、APOBEC3C、APOBEC3DE、APOBEC3F、APOBEC3G、APOBEC3H（分别称为A3A、A3B、A3C、A3D、A3F、A3G和A3H）和APOBEC4。APOBEC利用其脱氨酶活性通过与RNA和/或DNA结合,催化mRNA或使DNA中的胞嘧啶核苷酸转变为尿嘧啶,或者胞嘧啶核苷酸转变为胸腺嘧啶核苷酸,进而完成各自不同的功能。目前研究发现,AID及APOBEC3（A3s）的7种脱氨酶在人类的天然免疫和适应性免疫防御过程中发挥重要的作用,且在口腔癌,肺癌（腺癌和鳞状细胞癌）,结直肠癌和乳腺癌等的诊疗过程中具有重要的潜在应用价值。AID可以通过将胞嘧啶脱氨基成尿嘧啶,来启动SHM (体细胞超突变)和CSR (类别转换重组),进而在抗体多样性方面发挥作用。它的异常表达能够使B细胞淋巴瘤等恶性肿瘤的发病频率显著增加。而A3A、A3B通过胞嘧啶到尿嘧啶转换,以及自身表达量上调而在乳腺癌和肺癌诊疗中起作用。A3G通过APOBEC3G/miR 29/MMP2为了解结直肠癌肝转移和开发治疗晚期结肠癌的有效疗法开辟了新的途径。综上所述,本文将以AID,A3A,A3B,A3G为例子,对APOBEC在癌症诊断和治疗方面的应用进行综述,以期为进一步药物研究和临床应用等提供参考。     

温室茄子茎直径微变化与作物水分状况的关系

在温室条件下,采用盆栽土培和小区试验相结合的方法,以茄子(Solanummelongena,品种新乡糙青茄)为材料进行了植株茎直径微变化(膨胀或收缩)与作物体内水分状况的关系试验研究,旨在为利用茎直径微变化无损快速诊断作物水分状况提供理论依据。盆栽和小区试验均采用两因素(土壤水分梯度和作物不同生育阶段)随机区组设计,土壤水分控制下限分别取田间持水量的80%FC(Fieldwatercapacity),70%FC,60%FC和50%FC;生育阶段分别为苗期、花果期和采收期;共有4×3=12个处理组合,重复3次。结果表明:无论是在较高土壤含水量或在较低土壤含水量条件下,在晴好的天气里,茄子茎直径都是在白天收缩,傍晚、夜间复原或膨胀,而且这种微变化动态与植株体内的水分状况密切相关,不同土壤含水量条件下植株茎胀缩的幅度存在明显差异。高水分条件下,植株茎收缩幅度小,复原能力强;低水分条件下,植株茎收缩幅度大,恢复能力差。茎直径变化对环境因子水汽压差(VPD)的响应比较敏感,二者呈正相关关系,相关系数R2为0·8938。茎直径变化量(ΔSd)与叶水势(ψL)、叶片相对含水量(LRWC)呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数R2分别为0·867和0·965。这些结果显示,茎直径变化量能灵敏、实时、准确地反映植株体内的水分状况;与其它作物水分诊断方法(叶水势法,叶片相对含水量法,细胞液浓度法等)相比,茎直径微变化法可能具有简便、稳定、无损、连续监测和自动记录的优势。     

Collection fluid helps preservation in voided urine cytology

Objectives:  Degenerative change caused by delay in processing contributes to false-negative and false-positive diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in cytology. The aim of the study was to see if the use of a collection fluid for urine samples made a significant difference to urine cytology diagnosis, and if one was better suited for routine use in the hospital laboratory. Three cell collection fluids were evaluated by analysing the preservation and degeneration of cells in urine samples, as was the routine preparation which did not use a collection fluid.
Methods:  In the design study 50 voided urine specimens were taken at random from the hospital haematuria clinic. Three commercially available collection fluids cytolyt^TM, cytospin^® and cytoRich^®Blue and the hospital's routine conventional preparation of urine were compared. The degree of degeneration, and so preservation, was assessed by a table of chosen criteria; then ranked and analysed by Friedman's nonparametric test, at P  = 0.05. A second table showing the cell content of each slide was also made.
Results:  These showed no significant diagnostic difference between the collection fluids, but there was a significant difference between the collection fluids and the routine preparation. Minor differences that do not affect diagnosis, such as crystals and ghost red blood cells, were noted in cytospin^® and cytoRich^®Blue.
Conclusion:  It is recommended that a collection fluid is used. This choice should be made after health and safety issues and cost are considered.     

古榕树健康诊断初探

通过对鼓浪屿古榕树的普查,选择其健康诊断的生长指标和生理指标,包括当年生枝叶、果实生长状况、叶绿素荧光等,对不同生长势的古榕树进行分析,旨在探讨基于生长指标与生理指标相结合的古榕树的健康诊断方法,为古榕树的养护与复壮提供依据。结果表明,生长指标与生理指标能较一致地指示古榕树的健康状况。因此,可通过生长指标与生理指标相结合的方法诊断古榕树的健康状况。