Cu2O纳米颗粒对小麦根系形态及遗传毒性的影响

为了阐明Cu₂O纳米颗粒(NPs)暴露对植物根系的毒性效应,本研究以小麦品种‘周麦18’为材料,采用水培试验方法,研究了10、50、100和200 mg·L^-1浓度的Cu₂O-NPs对小麦幼苗生长、根系活性、形态结构及细胞遗传学毒性的影响。结果表明: 不同浓度的Cu₂O-NPs降低了小麦幼苗的根芽长度、鲜重、根活性和根冠比,增加了初生根的数量;随着Cu₂O-NPs浓度的升高,幼苗根伸长区缩短、根系变硬变脆、根径增加、根冠变大;100 mg·L^-1浓度的Cu₂O-NPs处理下,小麦根尖有丝分裂指数显著降低,根尖细胞形状不规则化、质壁分离、细胞出现空泡化、细胞核核膜模糊、核内染色体异常。在水培条件下,Cu₂O-NPs对小麦幼苗具有一定的遗传学毒性效应,从而影响小麦幼苗的生长发育和根系形态结构。     

A novel role of Hippo-Yap/TAZ signaling pathway in lymphatic vascular development

The lymphatic vasculature plays important role in regulating fluid homeostasis, intestinal lipid absorption, and immune surveillance in humans. Malfunction of lymphatic vasculature leads to several human diseases. Understanding the fundamental mechanism in lymphatic vascular development not only expand our knowledge, but also provide a new therapeutic insight. Recently, Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, a key mechanism of organ size and tissue homeostasis, has emerged as a critical player that regulate lymphatic specification, sprouting, and maturation. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic regulation and pathophysiological significant of Hippo pathway in lymphatic vascular development.     

环丝氨酸联合莫西沙星治疗耐多药肺结核的疗效及对免疫功能和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨环丝氨酸联合莫西沙星治疗耐多药肺结核（MDR-TB）的疗效及对免疫功能和生活质量的影响。方法：选取2016年7月到2018年10月期间我院收治的MDR-TB患者86例作为研究对象,根据奇偶排序法将患者分为对照组（n=43,基础治疗联合莫西沙星治疗）和研究组（n=43,对照组基础上联合环丝氨酸治疗）,均治疗20个月。对比两组疗效、痰结核菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、空洞缩小率情况、免疫功能、生活质量及不良反应。结果：研究组治疗20个月后的总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗12个月后、治疗20个月后痰结核菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、空洞缩小率均高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗20个月后心理功能、躯体功能、社会功能、物质生活评分均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗20个月后CD8⁺较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）,CD3⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD4⁺较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。对比两组不良反应发生率无差异（P>0.05）。结论：环丝氨酸联合莫西沙星治疗MDR-TB,能够有效的促进患者机体免疫功能和生活质量的改善,并能够有效的促进临床转归,且用药安全性较高。     

超声引导下QLB复合气管插管全麻对于老年患者TEP腹股沟疝无张力修补术影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析超声引导下腰方肌阻滞(quadratus lumborum block,QLB)复合气管插管全麻对于老年患者腹腔镜下全腹膜外（totally extraperitoneal prosthetic,TEP）腹股沟疝无张力修补术的影响,以促进该方法的临床使用。方法：2014年9月到2020年6月选择在本院诊治的腹股沟疝老年患者180例,根据随机数字表法分为QLB组与对照组各90例。所有患者都给予腹腔镜下全腹膜外腹股沟疝无张力修补术,对照组给予气管插管全麻,QLB组在对照组麻醉的基础上给予超声引导下QLB,记录两组镇痛与麻醉效果。结果：两组的术中出血量、手术时间等对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),QLB组的术后住院时间、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。与术后12 h对比,两组术后24 h与36 h的疼痛VAS评分均降低(P<0.05),且QLB组术后12 h、24 h与36 h的疼痛VAS评分都显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。QLB组术后7 d的血肿、呼吸抑制、脏器损伤、腹股沟区包块等并发症发生率为8.9 %,显著低于对照组的21.1 %(P<0.05)。QLB组的瑞芬太尼用量、术后48 h内有效按压自控静脉镇痛泵次数、自控静脉镇痛泵累计用量都显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：超声引导下QLB复合气管插管全麻在老年患者腹腔镜下全腹膜外腹股沟疝无张力修补术中的应用能提高镇痛与麻醉效果,减少术后并发症的发生,有利于促进患者康复。     

中华大刀螳形态学、生物学特性及饲养观察

中华大刀螳Tenodera sinensis Saussure既是传统的中药材,又是重要的天敌昆虫,因而具有重要的经济价值.为了充分开发和利用中华大刀螳资源,在人工饲养条件下,对其形态学特征和生物学特性进行了研究.结果表明:中华大刀螳为渐变态昆虫,一生经历卵、若虫和成虫3个虫态.室内1年完成1个世代,且无越冬现象.若虫共8龄,以1龄若虫发育历期最短,平均为11.73 d,8龄若虫发育历期最长,平均为24.75 d;3龄若虫存活率最低,为81.08％,5龄若虫存活率最高,为100％;雌、雄成虫阶段的平均历期为99.36 d和72.86 d.此外,本文介绍了中华大刀螳各虫态的形态特征和生物学特性.     

Ovule morphogenesis and structure in Menispermaceae,focusing on the development of the single fertile ovule and its systematic significance

Menispermaceae is one of the core groups of Ranunculales. The single fertile ovule in each ovary in Menispermaceae varies greatly in integument number, micropyle formation, and integument lobe. However, data regarding ovule morphogenesis in the family are very limited. In this study, we document ovule development of selected species in the Menispermaceae using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Ovule development in Menispermaceae shows the following characteristics. Two ovules are initiated in a young carpel, one of them degenerates gradually and the other develops into a fertile ovule in subsequent stages. Bitegmic in Sinomenium Diels. and Cocculus DC. and unitegmic in Stephania Lour. The formation of unitegmy is probably due to integumentary shifting. The annularly initiated inner integument is of dermal origin and has 2–3 cell layers in the family, but the semi-annularly initiated outer integument is of both dermal and subdermal origin. Both inner and outer integument are cup-shaped at maturity. The cup-shaped outer integument is formed due to the outer integument's extension to the concave (adaxial) side of the funiculus. The obturator is well developed and consists of 2–3 cell layers in Cocculus or 9–11 cell layers in Stephania. Ovule development of Menispermaceae suggests some common characteristics between Cocculus and Sinomenium, and derived unitegmy supports molecular data that indicate Stephania is one of the late-diverging lineages in the family. Integument lobations are present. The sterile ovule shows variations in the degeneration process. These results will provide evidence for exploring the evolution of ovules in Ranunculales.     

嗜角蛋白真菌耐药性研究进展

嗜角蛋白真菌感染能引起人体皮肤浅表和深部疾病,其感染发生率近年来呈逐年增加趋势。广谱抗生素是目前广泛用于治疗嗜角蛋白真菌感染的药物种类之一,但由于可选择药物种类有限,因此多数嗜角蛋白真菌感染患者存在长期、过度使用单一广谱抗生素的情形,这可能直接或间接导致嗜角蛋白真菌耐药性形成,严重制约嗜角蛋白真菌感染疾病治疗效果,从而加重嗜角蛋白真菌感染疾病的传染风险,成为影响全球公共卫生健康的重大威胁因素之一。本文就嗜角蛋白真菌致病类型、常用药物、药物作用机理、耐药性形成及影响因素方面的研究进展进行综述,并提出了嗜角蛋白真菌耐药性未来的研究内容及方向。以期为嗜角蛋白真菌感染治疗、真菌耐药性形成机理及预防真菌感染提供新的思路和参考。     

氨基酸影响尖孢镰孢菌古巴专化型厚垣孢子的形成

香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰孢菌古巴专化型Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense（Foc）侵染引起的一种土传真菌病害,已严重威胁香蕉产业的健康发展。该病菌产生的厚垣孢子可在土壤中存活多年,是香蕉枯萎病的初侵染源。本研究通过氨基酸添加试验,证明添加甘氨酸可抑制厚垣孢子的形成;通过对该病菌厚垣孢子形成前期、初期、中期和后期的转录组分析,发现氨基酸合成通路中有93个基因的表达水平在厚垣孢子形成过程中发生了显著变化;In silico 分析表明其中10个基因参与调控真菌的氨基酸合成,11个基因参与调控真菌种的生长发育和产孢,19个基因参与调控真菌种的致病性和毒素产生。由此推测,氨基酸合成通路不仅与尖孢镰孢菌古巴专化型厚垣孢子的形成相关,其有可能参与调控该病菌的致病性。     

Plant plasma membrane‐resident receptors: Surveillance for infections and coordination for growth and development

As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to pathogen invasions and environmental fluctuations. To overcome the challenges of their surroundings, plants acquire the potential to sense endogenous and exogenous cues, resulting in their adaptability. Hence, plants have evolved a large collection of plasma membrane-resident receptors, including RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASEs(RLKs) and RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEINs(RLPs) to perceive those signals and regulate plant growth,development, and immunity. The ability of RLKs and RLPs to recognize distinct ligands relies on diverse categories of extracellular domains evolved. Co-regulatory receptors are often required to associate with RLKs and RLPs to facilitate cellular signal transduction. RECEPTOR-LIKE CYTOPLASMIC KINASEs(RLCKs) also associate with the complex, bifurcating the signal to key signaling hubs, such as MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE(MAPK) cascades, to regulate diverse biological processes. Here, we discuss recent knowledge advances in understanding the roles of RLKs and RLPs in plant growth, development, and immunity, and their connection with co-regulatory receptors, leading to activation of diverse intracellular signaling pathways.     

莫西沙星联合纤维支气管镜药物灌注对耐多药肺结核患者T细胞亚群、肺功能和肝功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨莫西沙星联合纤维支气管镜药物灌注对耐多药肺结核患者T细胞亚群、肺功能和肝功能的影响。方法：选取2017年2月~2018年12月期间我院收治的90例耐多药肺结核患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=45,常规基础治疗）和研究组（n=45,莫西沙星联合纤维支气管镜药物灌注）,比较两组患者痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、T细胞亚群、肺功能和肝功能。结果：研究组治疗6个月后的痰菌转阴率为88.89%（40/45）,高于对照组的68.89%（31/45）（P<0.05）。研究组治疗6个月后的病灶吸收率为84.44%（38/45）,高于对照组的64.44%（29/45）（P<0.05）。两组治疗6个月后第1 s用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、用力肺活量（FVC）、每分钟最大通气量（MVV）占预计值百分比、总蛋白(TP)、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）;丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、CD8⁺均降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：莫西沙星联合纤维支气管镜药物灌注治疗耐多药肺结核,可有效阻止疾病进展,同时在改善患者T细胞亚群、肺功能和肝功能方面效果显著。