基于SBE法的广东省生态景观林带美景度评价

采用美景度评价法(SBE法)对广东省生态景观林带进行评价，分析影响生态景观林带景观水平的主要因子，探讨生态景观林带景观构成要素与景观质量的关系。结果表明，不同专业、性别、学历、年龄的人群在森林审美态度上具有一致性，其评判结果能够反映森林美景度的实际情况；对53张照片评价SBE值，最大为1.4454，最小为-1.6917；对美景度影响较大的4个因子，即色彩丰富度(X6)、色泽明度(X7)、生活型(X8)、生长状况(X9)，建立的多元线性回归模型是 Y=1.902-0.346X6-0.461X7+ 0.206X8-0.584X9。     

人外周血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞的体外“2＋2”快速法培养及其鉴定

以人浓缩白细胞来源的CD14 单核细胞为前体,建立体外快速培养树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)的方法.采用密度梯度离心和MACS磁珠分选系统,收集高纯度的CD14 单核细胞;以rGM-CSF、rIL-4联合分化2天诱导不成熟DC,再将分化后的细胞以rTNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE2共同活化2天得到成熟DC.流式细胞仪检测结果表明,分化2天的不成熟DC具有吞噬能力,且表型HLA-DR、CD40、CD80表达在80%以上,CD83、CD86基本小表达,成熟后的DC能够激活T细胞增殖,HLA-DR表达增高,CD83、CD86表达占85%.     

随机区块法在空间点格局分析中的应用

利用一种以随机模拟技术为基础的空间点格局分析方法--随机区块法对长白山阔叶红松林中5个主要树种的空间格局及空间关系进行了分析.随机区块法利用ICS(t)=s2(t)/x(t)-1来衡量不同尺度t上空间点的分布格局,并通过随机模拟技术构建零假设的95%或99%置信区间,以确定空间点格局偏离零假设的显著性程度.结果表明,除蒙古栎、山荆子、怀槐为随机分布外,其它树种均在局部空间尺度上呈聚集分布;并且绝大多数种对或种组在局部空间尺度上呈正相关关系.随机区块法克服了小样方统计法研究尺度单一的问题,也避免了以空间点距离为基础的点格局分析过程中边缘效应带来的影响和误差,尤其是在多变量点格局分析中具有明显的优势.     

Myoblast proliferation and syncytial fusion both depend on connexin43 function in transfected skeletal muscle primary cultures

Muscles are formed by fusion of individual postmitotic myoblasts to form multinucleated syncytial myotubes. The process requires a well-coordinated transition from proliferation, through migratory alignment and cycle exit, to breakdown of apposed membranes. Connexin43 protein and cell-cycle inhibitor levels are correlated, and gap junction blockers can delay muscle regeneration, so a coordinating role for gap junctions has been proposed. Here, wild-type and dominant-negative connexin43 variants (wtCx43, dnCx43) were introduced into rat myoblasts in primary culture through pIRES-eGFP constructs that made transfected cells fluoresce. GFP-positive cells and vitally-stained nuclei were counted on successive days to reveal differences in proliferation, and myotubes were counted to reveal differences in fusion. Individual transfected cells were injected with Cascade Blue, which permeates gap junctions, mixed with FITC-dextran, which requires cytoplasmic continuity to enter neighbouring cells. Myoblasts transfected with wtCx43 showed more gap-junctional coupling than GFP-only controls, began fusion sooner as judged by the incidence of cytoplasmic coupling, and formed more myotubes. Myoblasts transfected with dnCx43 remained proliferative for longer than either GFP-only or wtCx43 myoblasts, showed less coupling, and underwent little fusion into myotubes. These results highlight the critical role of gap-junctional coupling in myotube formation.     

Potato tuber proteomics: comparison of two complementary extraction methods designed for 2-DE of acidic proteins

Two protein extraction procedures were tested in order to remove interfering compounds prior to 2-DE of potato tubers. These methods using SDS lysis buffer and phenol-phase extraction were compared regarding the quality of the resulting 2-D gel. While the resolution of SDS extracts on semipreparative gels seems better, both methods lead to similar extraction yields and total number of spots. The procedures are complementary regarding the Mr range of preferentially extracted proteins.     

西瓜种子内源β-半乳甘露聚糖酶活性与分布以及与萌发速度的关系

利用单粒种子凝胶扩散法研究了β-半乳甘露聚糖酶在西瓜种子萌发过程中的分布以及与西瓜种子萌发速率的关系。结果发现,在胚根尖突破种皮前吸胀的西瓜种子中,内源β-半乳甘露聚糖酶主要分布于种子的胚膜套中,并起到减弱外种皮和胚膜套细胞壁对胚根伸出的机械阻力的作用。对具有不同萌发速率的品种以及引发处理和未处理的西瓜种子中酶活性的检测证明,β-半乳甘露聚糖酶活性与西瓜种子萌发速度相关。固体基质引发三倍体西瓜种子过程中β-半乳甘露聚糖酶的活化和种皮阻力的减弱,是引发种子提高了萌发速度和萌发能力的原因之一。     

Delimiting species: comparing methods for Mendelian characters using lizards of the Sceloporus grammicus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) complex

Species form the fundamental units of analysis in many areas of biology and, therefore, rigorous delimitation of this unit is important to a broad array of researchers. Recently, many new empirical methods have been proposed to delimit species in nature, and a large literature exists on the theoretical merit and superiority of each method. However, few empirical studies actually compare the results of these methods applied in the same study system. We used a large allozyme and chromosome dataset to apply a number of genetic-distance, character-based, and tree-based methods to a well-studied, data-rich system: the Sceloporus grammicus lizard complex of central Mexico. We hypothesized species boundaries under a general lineage or evolutionary species conceptual framework in an a priori fashion using mapped restriction-site data (mitochondrial DNA and nuclear rDNA), allozymes, and morphology. We then compared the ability of different methods to recover the "hypothesized evolutionary species" (HES). Highton's genetic-distance method and a tree-based method consistently recovered all four HES, although sometimes with weak support. With two exceptions, other methods recovered the same HES, but additional groups were weakly delimited and nested within the HES. Given the apparent recent divergence of some of the chromosome races and distinct populations in this complex, these are encouraging results. We emphasize the value of specifying testable criteria as clearly as possible and testing these with methods that make use of different properties of a single dataset.     

林窗几何特征的测定方法

林窗面积、形状及边界木高是决定林窗环境异质性的3个林窗几何特征,影响林窗内植物更新。林窗几何特征的快速测量方法是林窗研究的基础,测量方法可分为2类:基于地面实际测量的地面法和基于林窗林冠照片的相片法。地面法费时费力,受人为因素影响大,可测量林冠林窗和扩展林窗的面积,但不能测量林窗形状和边界木高。相片法具有简单、客观、可重复的优点,但仅适用于林冠林窗。相片法共有5种:"平面相片法"、"航片法"、"半球面影像法"、"双半球面影像法"和"改进的半球面影像法"。前3种测量方法只能测量林冠林窗面积;"改进的半球面影像法"可测量林冠林窗面积和形状,且精度高于前3种相片法,但所需参数最多;"双半球面影像法"可测量林窗面积、形状及边界木高这3个林窗几何特征,且精度较高,但拍摄要求较高。     

一种新的以影像为基础的细胞增殖和细胞毒性检测方法

3-(4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑盐)（MTT）比色法是传统上检测细胞增殖和细胞毒性的常用方法.
CloneSelectTM成像系统是一种以影像为基础的用于分析细胞生长的可视检测系统.本研究采用人结直肠癌HCT116细胞系,运用CloneSelect成像系统和MTT方法分别检测药物阿的平的细胞毒性,并采用Bland Altman作图法比较两种实验方法获得的pEC50值,分析两种研究方法获得的结果的一致性. 结果表明,CloneSelectTM成像系统和MTT法获得的pEC50值具有较好的一致性.与MTT方法相比,基于影像的CloneSelectTM成像分析技术检测快速、无损伤且结果更准确,获取资料不损伤细胞,允许后续其它时间点或动力学检测. 研究提示,这种新的以影像为基础的检测技术可以替代MTT方法,用于分析不同药物的抗细胞增殖活性.     

Nonignorable Models for Intermittently Missing Categorical Longitudinal Responses

Summary A class of nonignorable models is presented for handling nonmonotone missingness in categorical longitudinal responses. This class of models includes the traditional selection models and shared parameter models. This allows us to perform a broader than usual sensitivity analysis. In particular, instead of considering variations to a chosen nonignorable model, we study sensitivity between different missing data frameworks. An appealing feature of the developed class is that parameters with a marginal interpretation are obtained, while algebraically simple models are considered. Specifically, marginalized mixed‐effects models ( Heagerty, 1999 , Biometrics 55, 688–698) are used for the longitudinal process that model separately the marginal mean and the correlation structure. For the correlation structure, random effects are introduced and their distribution is modeled either parametrically or non‐parametrically to avoid potential misspecifications.