甲癣局部用药体外药效实验方法研究进展

甲真菌病是皮肤科的常见病,是由皮肤癣菌、酵母菌和非皮肤癣菌性霉菌侵犯甲板和（或）甲床所致的病变,其中由皮肤癣菌感染引起的甲真菌病称为甲癣。人甲板中角蛋白硬、厚且致密,从而形成一个完美屏障。针对甲板的特殊解剖结构,需要局部治疗药物具备穿透指甲屏障,体现高活性抗皮肤癣菌的特质。目前,甲癣的局部用药体外药效学研究没有统一的标准,缺乏指导依据。本文查阅近年来文献报道,综述甲癣局部治疗药物的体外药敏实验、药物与甲板内角蛋白亲和力实验以及药物在甲板内的渗透等,并阐述上述实验方法的模型选择、方式方法及方法间的比较,以推荐适合化合物筛选的方法。     

两种高危型HPV检测技术诊断宫颈病变的临床价值比较

目的:比较酶切信号放大法(Cervista)与导流杂交基因芯片技术(Hybri Ma)检测高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HR-HPV)诊断宫颈上皮内瘤变2级或2级以上(CIN2+)的临床价值。方法:随机选择288例2012年3月至2013年1月在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院妇科门诊进行新柏氏液基细胞学检查的年龄在20~65岁的宫颈细胞学检测未明确意义的不典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)的患者,采用Cervista技术与Hybri Ma技术进行高危型HPV检测,并对入组的患者行阴道镜下宫颈活组织检查。以病理学诊断结果为金标准,比较Cervista技术与Hybri Ma技术诊断宫颈上皮内瘤变2级或2级以上(CIN2+)的敏感度、特异度及ROC曲线。结果:在入组的288例患者中,Cervista技术和Hybri Ma技术检出高危型HPV的阳性率分别为49.31%和51.39%(P0.05),其诊断CIN2+的敏感度分别为95.65%和91.30%(P0.05),特异度分别为59.50%和56.20%(P0.05),阳性预计值分别为30.99%和28.38%(P0.05),阴性预计值分别为98.63%和97.14%(P0.05)。两组ROC曲线下面积分别为0.776和0.738(P0.05)。结论:Cervista技术与Hybri Ma技术诊断CIN2+的临床价值相当。     

The ecology of a beech forest on Mt. Sanpoiwadake,Hakusan National Park,Japan I. Braun-Blanquet,TWINSPAN and DCA analysis

The Lindero membranaceae-Fagetum crenatae association on Mt. Sanpoiwadake, Hakusan National Park, Japan, has been classified using traditional Braun-Blanquet methods. The association was floristically sub-divided into six communities, all of which had been included as four subassociations by Hukusima (1982). The resulting table was compared with an analogous community table derived using computer-based TWINSPAN analysis. This dual approach was shown to provide a fully objective classification by method, the subjective element in the Braun-Blanquet method thus being substantiated TWINSPAN. Subsequent ordination of the data using DCA then provided a further degree of objective evaluation allowing any misclassified stand or species to be re-examined, and at the same time displaying the detailed inter-relationships between all species or stands.     

Distribution and production ofChironomus salinarius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in a shallow coastal lagoon in the Bay of Cádiz

The abundance, generation time and production ofChironomus salinarius larvae in a lagoon fish-pond system in the Bay of Cádiz were studied by taking monthly samples at 3 sites during 1991 and 1992. Numerical abundance and biomass of larvae showed considerable spatial, seasonal and interannual variation (ANCOVAs,P<0.001). The maximum mean annual density was 7048 larvae m^–2, and corresponded to a biomass of 3.08 g dry weight (DW) m^–2. It was recorded at the site with the lowest rate of water renewal. Seasonal patterns were similar at all sites, with main annual peaks of abundance and biomass in autumn-early winter. Chironomid density was positively related to the biomass of benthic macroalgae (P<0.001). The population studied was multivoltine with a probable average of five generations per year, with overlapping cohorts and a predominance of third- and fourth-instar larvae. Estimates of annual production ranged between 72.2 g DW m^–2 yr^–1 at the site with the lowest rate of water renewal in 1991 and 0.1 g DW m^–2 yr^–1 at the site with the highest rate of water renewal in 1992. Mean annual production and the production/biomass ratio for the system was estimated to be 16.8 g DW m^–2 yr^–1 and 12.7, respectively. Possible factors leading to the observed density fluctuations are discussed, as well as possible sources of error in production estimates.     

反例微视频教学法在“微生物学实验”课程中的实践研究

"微生物学实验"是生物类相关专业的一门必修课程,该课程的开展对提高学生实验技能和理解微生物学知识原理至关重要。因此,不断探索和改进实验课程教学方法、减少学生的错误实验操作、提高实验课堂教学效率是任课教师的基本任务。反例微视频教学法是将传统的案例教学法、反例教学法和当下流行的微课程相结合的一种教学方法。本文阐述了该教学法的原理、基本操作流程、课堂应用效果和存在的问题。该教学法的实施能较好地提高实验课堂效率,大幅减少学生错误实验操作的次数,值得在本科生物类实验课堂中进行推广。     

肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157:H7噬菌体FEC14和FEC19特性及污染牛肉杀菌潜在应用探究

【背景】肠出血性大肠埃希菌O157:H7是重要的食源性致病菌之一,并且其耐药性越来越严重,寻找裂解性强噬菌体用于防治大肠埃希菌感染具有广阔的应用前景。【目的】从环境中分离鉴定能特异裂解大肠埃希菌O157:H7的噬菌体,通过对生物学特性及裂解细菌功效的探究,为其在食品安全防控中提供理论依据和研究基础。【方法】通过双层平板法分离并纯化噬菌体,透射电镜观察噬菌体形态,测定最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、pH稳定性、温度稳定性,对噬菌体进行全基因组测序及噬菌体裂解细菌功效。【结果】2株大肠埃希菌O157:H7噬菌体FEC14和FEC19的头部皆呈二十面体立体对称,FEC14头部直径约80nm,尾丝呈星形,FEC19头部直径约58 nm,尾丝呈针形;噬菌体FEC14的最佳感染复数为0.001,潜伏期为15 min,裂解期为65 min,平均暴发量为156 PFU/cell,FEC19的最佳感染复数为0.1,潜伏期为10 min,裂解期为80 min,平均暴发量为800 PFU/cell;噬菌体FEC14能在60℃、pH 4.0-11.0条件下存活,噬菌体FEC19在70℃、pH5.0-9.0条件下存...     

氧合血红蛋白Fe-O2键合态 ab initio 研究

本文报道用自旋非限制Hartree-Fock方法(spin unrestricted Hartree-Fock method简写UHF)对氧合血红蛋白的Fe-O₂键合态进行ab initio研究。结果表明Fe^(Ⅱ)、Oc和Or的Mulliken布居值分别为24.18、8.19和7.64。这说明氧合血红蛋白的Fe-O₂键合态不发生电子转移。研究模型所得到的频率与实验频率基本一致。研究结果不支持Weiss提出的Fe³⁺O₂^-模型,为解释血红蛋白传输氧的作用机理提供了新的理论依据。     

酵母样真菌快速分型诊断

为进一步解决感染酵母样真菌病患者的早期诊断和治疗,我们采用了一种快速、简便、准确鉴定和分类酵母样真菌的方法——纸片法,同时对纸片法与传统的方法(生长图谱法)进行了比较。217株酵母样真菌的鉴定结果准确率达100％,其中白念珠菌检出率最高155株占71.42％,为最常见菌,其次是热带念珠20株占9.22％,其它四种念珠菌16株占7.37％,还有分类及种未定酵母菌26株占11.98％。以上观察结果其检出率和国内外报道的资料相似。我们认为用纸片法鉴定酵母样真菌,操作过程简单易行、费用低廉、准确快速,可尽早为临床提供治疗依据。