全文获取类型
收费全文 | 43734篇 |
免费 | 17347篇 |
国内免费 | 91篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 53篇 |
2021年 | 472篇 |
2020年 | 2817篇 |
2019年 | 4355篇 |
2018年 | 4641篇 |
2017年 | 4593篇 |
2016年 | 4298篇 |
2015年 | 4162篇 |
2014年 | 4103篇 |
2013年 | 4462篇 |
2012年 | 3905篇 |
2011年 | 4030篇 |
2010年 | 3507篇 |
2009年 | 2325篇 |
2008年 | 2480篇 |
2007年 | 1904篇 |
2006年 | 1898篇 |
2005年 | 1591篇 |
2004年 | 1254篇 |
2003年 | 1364篇 |
2002年 | 1156篇 |
2001年 | 870篇 |
2000年 | 434篇 |
1999年 | 260篇 |
1998年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 26篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 26篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
Marian Cristian Stan Richard Klöpsch Aiswarya Bhaskar Jie Li Stefano Passerini Martin Winter 《Liver Transplantation》2013,3(2):231-238
Mechanochemical synthesis of Cu3P in the presence of n‐dodecane results in a material with a secondary particle size distribution of 10 μm, secondary particles which consist of homogeneously agglomerated 20 nm primary particles. The electrochemical performance of Cu3P with lithium is influenced by the reaction depth, in other words by the lower potential cut‐off. During the electrochemical reaction, the displacement of copper by lithium from the Cu3P structure until the formation of Li3P and Cu deteriorates the capacity retention. Improved performance was obtained when the charge potential was limited to 0.50 V (vs. Li/Li+) and the formation of the LixCu3‐xP phase (0 ≤ × ≤ 2). In this case, when the potential is limited to 0.5 V, the capacity is stable for more than 50 cycles. Acceptable electrochemical performances in Li‐ion cells within the voltage range 0.50–2.0 V (vs. Li/Li+) were shown when Cu3P was used as an anode and Li1.2(Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13)O2 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 as positive electrode materials. 相似文献
992.
The electrochemical performance of mesoporous carbon (C)/tin (Sn) anodes in Na‐ion and Li‐ion batteries is systematically investigated. The mesoporous C/Sn anodes in a Na‐ion battery shows similar cycling stability but lower capacity and poorer rate capability than that in a Li‐ion battery. The desodiation potentials of Sn anodes are approximately 0.21 V lower than delithiation potentials. The low capacity and poor rate capability of C/Sn anode in Na‐ion batteries is mainly due to the large Na‐ion size, resulting in slow Na‐ion diffusion and large volume change of porous C/Sn composite anode during alloy/dealloy reactions. Understanding of the reaction mechanism between Sn and Na ions will provide insight towards exploring and designing new alloy‐based anode materials for Na‐ion batteries. 相似文献
993.
Zarifi Masri Arvydas Ruseckas Evguenia V. Emelianova Linjun Wang Ashu K. Bansal Andrew Matheson Henrik T. Lemke Martin M. Nielsen Ha Nguyen Olivier Coulembier Philippe Dubois David Beljonne Ifor D. W. Samuel 《Liver Transplantation》2013,3(11):1445-1453
A joint experimental and theoretical study of singlet exciton diffusion in spin‐coated poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films and its dependence on molecular weight is presented. The results show that exciton diffusion is fast along the co‐facial π–π aggregates of polymer chromophores and about 100 times slower in the lateral direction between aggregates. Exciton hopping between aggregates is found to show a subtle dependence on interchain coupling, aggregate size, and Boltzmann statistics. Additionally, a clear correlation is observed between the effective exciton diffusion coefficient, the degree of aggregation of chromophores, and exciton delocalization along the polymer chain, which suggests that exciton diffusion length can be enhanced by tailored synthesis and processing conditions. 相似文献
994.
Chien‐Chen Lai Kai‐Zen Lu Man‐Tzu Chiu Tsung‐Han Hsieh Lei Wan Cheng‐Wen Lin 《Proteomics》2013,13(23-24):3442-3456
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) exhibits a Type I interferon (IFN) antagonistic function. This study characterizes Type I IFN antagonism mechanism of NS5 protein, using proteomic approach. In human neuroblastoma cells, NS5 expression would suppress IFNβ‐induced responses, for example, expression of IFN‐stimulated genes PKR and OAS as well as STAT1 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation. Proteomic analysis showed JEV NS5 downregulating calreticulin, while upregulating cyclophilin A, HSP 60 and stress‐induced‐phosphoprotein 1. Gene silence of calreticulin raised intracellular Ca2+ levels while inhibiting nuclear translocalization of STAT1 and NFAT‐1 in response to IFNβ, thus, indicating calreticulin downregulation linked with Type I IFN antagonism of JEV NS5 via activation of Ca2+/calicineurin. Calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A attenuated NS5‐mediated inhibition of IFNβ‐induced responses, for example, IFN‐sensitive response element driven luciferase, STAT1‐dependent PKR mRNA expression, as well as phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1. Transfection with calcineurin (vs. control) siRNA enhanced nuclear translocalization of STAT1 and upregulated PKR expression in NS5‐expressing cells in response to IFNβ. Results prove Ca2+, calreticulin, and calcineurin involvement in STAT1‐mediated signaling as well as a key role of JEV NS5 in Type I IFN antagonism. This study offers insights into the molecular mechanism of Type I interferon antagonism by JEV NS5. 相似文献
995.
996.
Maria Bendz Marcin Skwark Daniel Nilsson Viktor Granholm Susana Cristobal Lukas Käll Arne Elofsson 《Proteomics》2013,13(9):1467-1480
Topology analysis of membrane proteins can be obtained by enzymatic shaving in combination with MS identification of peptides. Ideally, such analysis could provide quite detailed information about the membrane spanning regions. Here, we examine the ability of some shaving enzymes to provide large‐scale analysis of membrane proteome topologies. To compare different shaving enzymes, we first analyzed the detected peptides from two over‐expressed proteins. Second, we analyzed the peptides from non‐over‐expressed Escherichia coli membrane proteins with known structure to evaluate the shaving methods. Finally, the identified peptides were used to test the accuracy of a number of topology predictors. At the end we suggest that the usage of thermolysin, an enzyme working at the natural pH of the cell for membrane shaving, is superior because: (i) we detect a similar number of peptides and proteins using thermolysin and trypsin; (ii) thermolysin shaving can be run at a natural pH and (iii) the incubation time is quite short. (iv) Fewer detected peptides from thermolysin shaving originate from the transmembrane regions. Using thermolysin shaving we can also provide a clear separation between the best and the less accurate topology predictors, indicating that using data from shaving can provide valuable information when developing new topology predictors. 相似文献
997.
998.
In the present work, we report a novel on‐target protein cleavage method. The method utilizes ultrasonic energy and allows up to 20 samples to be cleaved in 5 min for protein identification and one sample in 30 s for on‐tissue digestion. The standard proteins were spotted on a conductive glass slide in a volume of 0.5 μL followed by 5 min of ultrasonication after trypsin addition. Controls (5 min, 37°C no ultrasonication) were also assayed. After trypsin addition, digestion of the tissues was enhanced by 30 s of ultrasonication. The samples were analyzed and compared to those obtained by using conventional 3 h heating proteolysis. The low sample volume needed for the digestion and reduction in sample‐handling steps and time are the features that make this method appealing to the many laboratories working with high‐throughput sample treatment. 相似文献
999.
The study of protein function usually requires the use of a cloned version of the gene for protein expression and functional assays. This strategy is particularly important when the information available regarding function is limited. The functional characterization of the thousands of newly identified proteins revealed by genomics requires faster methods than traditional single‐gene experiments, creating the need for fast, flexible, and reliable cloning systems. These collections of ORF clones can be coupled with high‐throughput proteomics platforms, such as protein microarrays and cell‐based assays, to answer biological questions. In this tutorial, we provide the background for DNA cloning, discuss the major high‐throughput cloning systems (Gateway® Technology, Flexi® Vector Systems, and CreatorTM DNA Cloning System) and compare them side‐by‐side. We also report an example of high‐throughput cloning study and its application in functional proteomics. This tutorial is part of the International Proteomics Tutorial Programme (IPTP12). 相似文献
1000.