尕海湿地草甸土退化过程土壤氮矿化演变特征

氮矿化是生态系统循环的重要环节之一,影响着生态系统功能和氮素生物地球化学循环,因此研究高寒湿地退化过程中土壤氮矿化演变特征,对揭示气候变化和人为活动干扰背景下的湿地土壤氮素循环过程具有重要意义。以尕海湿地4种不同退化梯度(未退化、轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化)土壤为研究对象,采用野外树脂芯原位培养方法,通过对植物生长季不同生长阶段(生长初期、生长盛期、枯萎期)土壤氮素矿化作用研究,分析湿地退化演替过程中土壤氮矿化时空变化特征及其与土壤环境因子和酶活性之间的关系。结果表明：尕海湿地退化对土壤氮矿化过程有显著抑制作用,与未退化(0.143 mg kg^-1 d^-1)相比,轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化的土壤净氮矿化速率分别减小了0.018 mg kg^-1 d^-1、0.025 mg kg^-1 d^-1、0.020 mg kg^-1 d^-1;随着退化程度加剧,土壤净氨化速率逐渐减小或者不变,而净硝化速率却增大。随时间推移,各退化...     

Highly variable microsatellite loci for studies of introduced populations of the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus)

During their introduction, non‐native species typically undergo founder events that reduce genetic variation. To allow a high‐resolution genetic investigation of introduced populations of the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), we developed primers for nine variable microsatellite loci. Their applicability was assessed in 10 mongooses from the large Fijian population, which originated from a single pair from Calcutta, India. The number of alleles ranged from two to five per locus, possibly as a result of preservation of initial variability and in situ mutations during the rapid population expansion after introduction.     

Isolation of simple and compound polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellites for the neotropical leaflitter frog Eleutherodactylus ockendeni (Leptodactylidae)

Few studies of population structure and genetic diversity exist for frogs in the Amazon of South America, an area renowned for exceptionally high species richness. We isolated seven highly variable tetranucleotide microsatellite loci for the neotropical leaflitter frog, Eleutherodactylus ockendeni using an enrichment method. Three of the repeats are simple, three are compound and one is imperfect. We screened all loci with 175 individuals from one geographical area in the upper Napo of Ecuador and found high polymorphism in all loci (> 14 alleles/locus). These markers are suitable for population genetics studies of E. ockendeni and perhaps other leaflitter frogs of the same genus.     

快速连续测定乙肝病毒DNA酶解大片段的顺序

 用“剪切重组”术及内引物法测定了克隆在M_(13)mp_8载体中的HBVDNA 1.3Kb片段的完整顺序,简化了操作过程,为连续测定大段DNA的顺序提供了简单、快速、有效的途径。     

乙型肝炎病毒adr亚型NC-1毒株表面抗原基因的顺序测定与结构研究

用内引物法自pHBVNC-1质粒DNA经Sau3A1降解的1.3Kb片段中,快速、连续测定了HBV adr NC-1表面抗原基因全顺序,与其它三株adr亚型S基因比较,顺序同源性为99％,与adw及ayw亚型比较,同源性为94％。不同亚型间的错义突变比同一亚型不同毒株间的错义突变多。比较11株adr亚型、2抹adw亚型与2株ayw亚型的S基因全顺序,发现在第47,110,113,126,160位的密码子在r亚型中有同源性,在w亚型中也有同源性,所以是w/r亚型决定簇的候选部位。第46,68,134,159,168位的密码子在d亚型中有同源性,而在y亚型中也有同源性,所以是d/y亚型抗原决定簇的候选部位。     

Detection of genetic variation in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 variants using DNA fingerprints generated with GC rich arbitrary PCR primers

Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 has been shown to contain several genetically similar naturally occurring colony morphology variants. These variants differ in symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability and in the utilization of various carbon substrates. They have been shown to share extensive DNA homology and appear to be derived from a common ancestor. Despite these similarities certain B. japonicum USDA 110 variants have been shown to be devoid of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. One of these variants (L2-110), however, was recently shown to possess significant levels of explanta nitrogen fixation and to synthesize functional dinitrogenase enzyme within bacteroids. In an effort to identify genetic markers which could explain differences in symbiotic nitrogen fixation between B. japonicum variants, DNA fingerprints were generated by PCR using arbitrary primers. Two of these primers with GC rich sequences were able to differentiate between B. japonicum USDA 110 variants I-110, L2-110, and MN-110. Unique markers have now been identified which could be examined further to determine if they explain the differences in symbiotic nitrogen fixation between USDA 110 variants.     

Locus-specific primers for LMW glutenin genes on each of the group 1 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat

To reveal the chromosomal location of three known low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin genes in wheat, we designed and used three sets of sequence-specific primers in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) on Chinese Spring and its derived group 1 aneuploid nullisomic-tetrasomic stocks. Two sets proved to be chromosome specific and amplified sequences from the Glu-A3 and Glu-D3 loci, respectively. The third set was apparently composed of conserved sequences as it produced PCR products in each of the aneuploids. Two of these products were cloned, and their sequences differed from the known LMW glutenin genes at several positions. Again, primer sets specific for these sequences were designed. One set was directed to the Glu-A3 locus, the second set resulted in two PCR products differing in length, one of which was located on chromosome 1B and the other on 1D. Primer sets constructed for the latter two sequences were specific for the Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 loci, respectively. Hence, primer sets specific for each of the three homoeologous chromosomes of the group 1 (1A, 1B, 1D) are available. In addition, these locus-specific primers were assayed for their ability to distinguish among wheat cultivars. PCR products amplified with one of the Glu-A3-specific primer sets showed length polymorphisms in various wheat varieties. Varieties carrying the 1RS.1BL translocated chromosomes could be recognized by the absence of a PCR product when the Glu-B3 primer set was used. These results suggest that PCR with locus-specific primers can be useful in the molecular genetic analysis of hexaploid wheat.