粗毛栓菌诱变菌株SAH-12漆酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica诱变菌株SAH-12是通过紫外诱变选育所得的漆酶高产菌株,Active-PAGE分析表明SAH-12在高氮低碳无机盐培养液（LM3）中至少分泌3种漆酶同工酶（Lac1、Lac2、Lac3）。采用硫酸铵盐析、透析和Sephadex-G75分子筛层析从其培养液中分离纯化得到电泳纯的Lac1,纯化倍数6.54,酶活性回收59.7%。Lac1经SDS-PAGE验证为一条带,其表观分子量为61.5kDa。Lac1为一种糖蛋白,含糖量11.6%,等电点pI 4.40,催化氧化底物ABTS的最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH为2.6,Km值为25μmol/L。Lac1在40℃（pH4.0）以下和pH1.5～5.0（28℃）范围内稳定。金属离子Fe²⁺、Ag⁺、Hg²⁺和Cr³⁺与抑制剂DTT、SDS、EDTA和DMSO对Lac1有抑制作用,其中Fe²⁺和DTT完全抑制酶活,而Cu²⁺对酶有明显激活作用,Mn²⁺、Zn²⁺对酶活影响不大。Lac1不仅可使一些合成染料明显脱色,而且对苹果汁多酚祛除也有较好效果。40℃用该酶（1U/mL）处理苹果汁5h,其多酚含量可降低40%。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的选育及絮凝特性研究

目的:从土壤中筛选具有良好絮凝活性的菌株进行优化培养并研究其絮凝特性。方法:采用平板划线法分离纯化获得目的菌株,通过单因素和正交实验确定最适培养、絮凝条件,考察该菌的生长及产絮凝剂的周期和絮凝活性分布等特征,及其对次甲基兰的脱色能力。结果:得到絮凝活性较高的菌株C5,其最适产絮条件为:初始pH值7.5,温度36℃,培养时间48h;最适培养基为:葡萄糖10g,KH2PO42g,K2HPO45g,(NH4)2SO40.2g,尿素0.5g,酵母膏0.5g,NaCl0.1g,MgSO4.7H2O0.2g,絮凝率可达92.0%;最适絮凝条件为:2.5mL发酵液,pH6.0,5mL CaCl2溶液;絮凝活性成分主要为多糖和蛋白质,多分布于胞外上清液中;发酵液的絮凝活性与细胞生长量均在培养48h时达最大;对次甲基兰的脱色能力优于硫酸铝和聚丙烯酰胺,2min内脱色率可达97%。结论:菌株C5可产高絮凝活性的絮凝剂,具有良好的应用前景。     

Decolorization and detoxification of textile dyes using a versatile Streptomyces laccase-natural mediator system

Currently, there is increasing interest in assessing the potential of bacterial laccases for industrial and environmental applications especially in harsh conditions. The environmental impact of the textile industry requires novel and effective technologies to mitigate the presence of dyes in wastewaters before discharging into the environment. Dyes usually remain stable in the presence of a variety of chemicals, light and are recalcitrant to microbial degradation. Among available technologies the biological treatments offer environmentally friendly strategies for decolorizing and detoxifying these compounds. The recent discovery of versatile laccases in streptomycetes opens up new opportunities for their commercial application. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of a novel bacterial laccase SilA produced by Streptomyces ipomoeae CECT 3341 active over wide temperature and pH ranges for use as an eco-friendly, biological treatment for the degradation of textile dyes. Insights into the enhancement of the oxidative action of this enzyme through the use of natural redox mediators are presented together with an assessment of the potential toxicity of the degradation products. Our results confirm that the combination of the laccase and natural mediators such as acetosyringone and methyl syringate enhanced the decolorization and detoxification of a variety of textile dyes up to sixfold and 20-fold, respectively. Mediator concentration was found to have a significant effect (p < 0.05) on dye decolorization at 60 °C; thus, the decolorization of Acid Orange 63 increased from 6 to 70-fold when the mediator concentration was increased from 0.1 to 0.5 mM. Further, the toxicity of tartrazine decreased 36-fold when the SilA-MeS system was used to decolorize the dye. The thermal properties of the SilA coupled with the stability of SilA at high pH suggest a potential commercial application for use in the decolorization of textile wastewaters which generally are performed at high temperature (>55 °C) and salinity and neutral pH, conditions which are unfavourable for conventional fungal laccases.     

粗毛栓菌菌丝球非灭菌条件下对12种染料的脱色研究

以新型白腐真菌——粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica为材料,研究了优化后的该菌菌丝球在非灭菌条件下对直接染料、中性染料、三苯甲烷类染料以及蒽醌类染料共12种染料的脱色能力、脱色机制,以及pH、温度、染料初始浓度等参数对该菌菌丝球脱色效果的影响。结果表明,优化条件下制备的粗毛栓菌菌丝球脱色活力良好,4℃下保存20d后仍保持有原脱色活力的95%;活菌丝球比死菌丝球对染料具有更强的耐受性和更好的脱色效果;非灭菌条件下活菌丝球对12种染料的适宜脱色条件为pH 3.0–5.0、25℃、染料浓度为50mg/L、处理36–60h,该条件下粗毛栓菌菌丝球在60h内脱色率均在55%以上,其中粗毛栓菌菌丝球对亚甲基蓝脱色率最高可达到96.40%。紫外可见光谱分析和显微观察结果表明,48h内粗毛栓菌菌丝球在非灭菌条件下对12种染料的脱色是由吸附引起,无二次污染物的产生。粗毛栓菌的这些优良特性显示了其在工业染料废水处理中的广阔应用前景。     

褐变蚕蛹分离蛋白脱色与改性研究

研究了褐变蚕蛹分离蛋白脱色方法及其酸酐、硫酸锆改性。用酸性乙酸酐法处理蚕蛹分离蛋白质 ,可获得白色脱色物 ,其最佳条件是 ,蚕蛹分离蛋白∶乙酸酐∶H2 O2 =1∶1.2 5∶1.5、温度≥ 80℃、时间≥ 30min。过氧乙酸的作用可能是使参与褐变的赖氨酸ε 氨基重新游离并断开胱氨酸之间的二硫键。乙酸酐或顺丁烯二酸酐修饰赖氨酸ε 氨基的最适条件是 :脱色蛋白∶乙酸酐 (或顺丁烯二酸酐 ) =1∶0 .3(或 0 4 )、pH 9.0～ 9.5、温度≤ 4 5℃、时间 6 0min。硫酸锆修饰氨基和羧基的最适条件是 :脱色蛋白∶硫酸锆 =1∶0 .0 4、pH≤ 3.0、温度≥ 80℃、时间 10min。脱色蛋白经过乙酸酐或顺丁烯二酸酐、硫酸锆修饰 ,其白色可稳定 ,在pH 2～ 12及 80℃条件下均不变色。在碱性条件下 ,H2 O2 可部分氧化蚕蛹分离蛋白褐色 ,获得乳黄色脱色物 ,其最适条件是 ,蚕蛹蛋白∶H2 O2 =1∶1.5、pH 9.0～ 9.5、温度≥ 80℃、时间≥30min。蚕蛹蛋白褐变的原因可能主要是其赖氨酸ε 氨基与氨基葡萄糖在碱性加热条件下发生Marl laid反应所致。此外 ,蛋白质中游离α 氨基、谷氨酸γ 羧基及天门冬氨酸β 羧基可能也参与了褐变反应     

粗毛栓菌产漆酶对考马斯亮蓝的脱色降解

粗毛栓菌粗酶液经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,在CBBG－250染色后,漆酶带处有一透明圈,经纯化漆酶和CBBG－250溶液直接作用以及菌体的培养结果证实,漆酶对CBBG－250具有一定的脱色降解作用,在漆酶活力达118u/ml时,CBBG－250溶液在595nm波长的光吸收60min内下降了32．4％。该粗毛栓菌产漆酶对工业染料废水也具有一定的降解脱色作用。     

漆酶高产工程菌构建及漆酶对RBBR的脱色作用

研究提取产漆酶白腐菌 (Fomelignosus)的总RNA ,利用RT PCR克隆到漆酶的cDNA ,并将其克隆到表达载体pGAPZA ,重组质粒经线性化、电激转化PichiapastorisGS115、通过底物显色反应筛选漆酶生产工程菌株 ,在最适培养条件下该菌株产酶活力高达 9 0 3U·mL-1。纯化得到漆酶对RBBR(RemazolbrilliantblueR)有很好的脱色作用 ,该酶的最适脱色pH为 5 0 ,最适脱色温度为 30℃。当溶液中漆酶活力为 1 0U·mL-1,在最适脱色条件下作用12h ,10 0mg·L-1RBBR溶液脱色率可达 90 %以上。     

白腐真菌对染料废水脱色及降解的研究

染料废水是最难处理的工业废水之一,近年来许多学者就白腐真菌对染料废水的脱色进行了广泛的研究,系统介绍了白腐真菌对染料脱色和降解作用的研究进展,脱色机理及其影响因素,旨在为以后真菌对染料废水的脱色及降解提供参考和依据。     

Azo dye decolorization with a mutant Escherichia coli strain

A recombinant Escherichia coli strain (E. coli NO3) containing genomic DNA fragments from azo-reducing wild-type Pseudomonas luteola strain decolorized a reactive azo dye (C.I. Reactive Red 22) at approx. 17 mg dye h^–1 g cell. The ability to decolorize the azo dye probably did not originate from the plasmid DNA. Acclimation in azo-dye-containing media gave a nearly 10% increase in the decolorization rate of E. coli NO3. Growth with 1.25 g glucose l^–1 completely stopped the decolorization activity. When the decolorization metabolites from E. coli NO3 were analyzed by HPLC and MS, the results suggested that decolorization of the azo dye may be due to cleavage of the azo bond.     

一种简易的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶脱色方法

PAGE是蛋白质分析、比较和特性鉴定的有效方法,常规SDS-PAGE分析蛋白过程中考马斯亮蓝色素脱除过程耗时低效。改变脱色液配方,使用20%的乙醇和10％冰醋酸作为脱色剂,在脱色液中放置3-5片纸巾吸附色素,并在脱色过程中换纸1-2次,可缩短脱色时间3-4h,减少脱色液用量2-3倍。