Screening of rice cultivars for Cr-stress response by using the parameters of seed germination,morpho-physiological and antioxidant analysis

Rice is the most important crop for the majority of population across the world with sensitive behavior toward heavy metals such as chromium (Cr) in polluted regions. Although, there is no information on the Cr resistance phenotyping in rice. Herein, two different groups of rice cultivars (normal, and hybrid) were used, each group with 14 different rice cultivars. Firstly, seed germination analysis was conducted by evaluating various seed germination indices to identify the rice cultivars with greatest seed germination vigor. Furthermore, exposure of chromium (Cr) toxicity to 28 different rice varieties (NV1-NV14, HV1-HV14) caused noticeable plant biomass reduction. Subsequently, NV2, NV6, NV10, NV12, NV13 (normal type), HV1, HV4, HV8, and HV9 (hybrid types) were pragmatic as moderately sensitive varieties, while NV3, NV4, NV9, and NV14 (normal type), HV3, HV6, HV7, and HV13 were observed as moderately tolerant. Although, NV7, and HV10 were ranked most sensitive cultivars, and NV11, and HV14 were considered as most tolerant varieties as compared to the other rice (both groups) genotypes. Afterward, Cr induced reduction in chlorophyll pigments were significantly lesser in HV14 relative to NV11, NV7, and especially HV10, and as a result HV14 modulated the total soluble sugar level as well as reduced ROS accumulation, and MDA contents production by stimulating the antioxidant defense mechanism conspicuously which further reduced the electrolyte leakage as well. Our outcomes provide support to explore the Cr tolerance mechanism in cereal crops as well as knowledge about rice breeding with increased tolerance against Cr stress.     

秦岭水灾迹地油松和华山松更新种群数量特征

 不同植物种群种间比较研究利于揭示种群的形成机制和影响因素。该文研究了秦岭地区蔡玉河流域范家庄段水灾迹地恢复17年后群落优势种油松(Pinus tabulaeformis) 和华山松(P. armandii)的种群数量特征。水灾灾后第一年（1989年）就有油松和华山松个体进入迹地,由于较大的高生长速度和侧生长速度,油松种群的平均高度和地径高于华山松,占据了较大的垂直和水平空间。相对来说, 油松和华山松高度结构和径级结构模式不同,二者均是小个体数量居多,大个体数量极少,但油松中等大小个体多于华山松。油松和华山松种群的年龄结构模式不同,油松的为单峰右偏曲线,华山松的则近似于正态分布。坡向对油松的年龄结构模式没有影响,但对华山松种 群有影响。油松和华山松种群不同高度级、径级和年龄级之间存在显著正或负相关关系,缺少一致性,表明种群大小结构不一定反映年龄结构。油松和华山松种群的密度动态和存活曲线类型一致,均为Ⅱ型,表明二者具有相同的种群动态。总体上说,油松和华山松具有不同的树种生物学特性,使得种群的大小结构和年龄结构不同,但对种群更新存活动态没有影响。     

外源24-表油菜素内酯对盐胁迫下茄子种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

研究了150mmol·L^-1NaCI胁迫下,外源24-表油菜素内酯（EBR）对茄子种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,0．05mg·L^-1外源EBR显著缓解150mmol·L^-1NaCI胁迫伤害,使茄子种子发芽率提高了8．23％,发芽势提高15．91％,发芽指数提高了17．23％,活力指数提高了44．29％;幼苗株高、根长和植株鲜重分别提高了56．67％、23．83％和56．68％;抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT和APX）活性分别增加了13．75％、24．00％、28．64％和21．46％,脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量分别提高30．96％和23．66％;MDA含量、Ｏ产生速率分别降低了29．58％和14．80％。表明0．05mg·L^-1外源EBR能显著促进盐胁迫下茄子种子萌发和幼苗生长,明显缓解叶片氧化损伤,增强茄子的耐盐能力。     

紫外辐射的细胞生物学效应及其机制

地球表面的生物体会受到来自阳光紫外辐射的照射。两极臭氧层空洞的形成使地球表面的紫外辐射水平,特别是UVB的水平增加,进而对生物体的危害日益加重。因此,深入研究紫外辐射生物学效应的信号转导机制并阐明其损伤机制和生物体的反应机制等具有重要意义,也可为紫外辐射损伤防护的研究提供新思路。本文综述了本领域近年来的相关研究,从紫外辐射所致生物学效应的信号转导机制(包括对DNA的直接损伤作用、细胞膜激酶和非激酶受体通路、细胞质通路以及microRNA)等方面对紫外辐射的损伤机制进行了比较系统的阐述和总结。     

环磷酰胺辅助化疗对不同年龄乳腺癌患者卵巢功能的损伤情况及机制研究

目的:以月经变化情况及血清激素水平为观察指标,探讨环磷酰胺辅助化疗方案对绝经前不同年龄段乳腺癌患者卵巢功能的损伤情况及可能的机制研究.方法:收集2017年1月至2018年12月期间在我院接受环磷酰胺辅助化疗的绝经前乳腺癌患者77例.患者年龄范围为26-48岁,并按年龄分为两组:≤ 35岁组为16例;＞35岁组为61例....     

杉木人工林冰雪灾害受灾和萌生情况调查及影响因子分析

以九龙山国家级自然保护区的主要公益林杉木人工林作为研究对象,选择具有代表性的受灾区域,自海拔700 m至900 m设置样地,共10块样地,总面积4 000 m2。分析其受2008年初严重冰雪灾害破坏及灾后萌生情况与胸径、树高、尖削度、海拔之间的关系。结果表明： 1）杉木人工林损害严重,其中断冠、断干植株比例较高,而掘根和冻死植株相对较少;杉木具有极强的萌生能力,以断冠杉木的萌生能力最强。2）不同胸径、树高、尖削度的杉木对于冰雪灾害的抵御能力及萌生能力存在一定差异,小径级矮小的个体受灾较重,易被冻死和掘根,大径级的较高个体受灾相对较轻,主要表现为断冠和断干危害,且不同径级下的受灾杉木上部萌生均占较大比例。3）杉木的抵御能力和萌生能力与海拔存在一定的关系,高海拔地区杉木受灾较重,而中海拔地区的杉木萌生能力相对较强。     

The protective effect of selenium inorganic forms against cadmium and silver toxicity in mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus

The effect of two inorganic selenium forms has been investigated in the mycelia of Pleurotus ostreatus exposed to cadmium and silver salts in the shaken cultures. The degree of toxicity was assessed by the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA; a common biomarker of lipid peroxidation). The mycelia were exposed to one element form (up to 5 mg l⁻¹) and also to the following combinations: cadmium(II) + selenium(IV); cadmium(II) + selenium(VI); silver(I) + selenium(IV); silver(I) + selenium(VI). The concentrations of cadmium, silver, selenium, and MDA were assessed in the mixed cytosol and cell membrane fractions (CCM). A positive correlation between MDA and cadmium was found in the CCM (β = 0.7775, P = 0.0001), whereas the effect of silver was less significant (β = 0.4642, P = 0.039). These results indicate that silver(I) and cadmium(II) have different capacities to induce lipid peroxidation in P. ostreatus. The protective role of selenium against metal-induced oxidative damage was found to be dependent on the oxidation state of the element form in the growth medium. The strongest beneficial effect was observed in mycelia exposed to cadmium(II) + selenium(IV) (inverse correlation between MDA and selenium in the CCM: β = −0.7129, P = 0.009) and it has been ascribed to a lower incorporation of the toxic metal and/or to possible intracellular interaction between selenium and cadmium. Under exposure to silver(I), the protective effect of selenium(IV) was less noticeable (correlation between MDA and selenium in the CCM; β = −0.6068, P = 0.036); in the presence of selenium(VI), no beneficial effect was observed.     

Expression level of c-FLIP versus Fas determines susceptibility to Fas ligand-induced cell death in murine thymoma EL-4 cells

The caspase-8 inhibitor c-FLIP blocks death receptor-mediated cell death and plays an essential role in the regulation of lymphocyte homeostasis and the immune escape of tumors. The murine thymoma cell line EL-4 was resistant to Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis by constitutive expression of FLIP (L). Cycloheximide downregulated the expression of FLIP (L) and markedly sensitized EL-4 cells to FasL-induced apoptosis. In contrast, DNA-damaging agents sensitized EL-4 cells to FasL-induced cell death via an increase of cell-surface Fas without any influence on FLIP (L) expression. Enforced expression of transfected Fas rendered EL-4 cells highly susceptible to FasL-induced cell death. These findings demonstrate that susceptibility to FasL-induced cell death mainly depends on the expression level of c-FLIP versus cell-surface Fas.     

江苏省冬小麦湿渍害的风险区划

选取能较好反映冬小麦春季湿渍害特征的3个气象因子:旬降雨量、旬日照时数和旬雨日,计算了江苏省1960—2008期间历年3—5月这3个因子的逐旬统计值,分析了这些因子与冬小麦气候产量的关系,研究结果表明:(1)春季旬降雨量、旬雨日和旬日照时数对江苏省冬小麦气候产量有显著影响;(2)通径分析显示,旬降雨量和旬日照对气候产量有直接影响,而旬雨日对气候产量有间接影响;(3)构建了一个湿渍害判别指数Q用来判别湿渍害发生年份,并结合江苏省各地湿渍害年发生频率和冬小麦气候减产率,建立了冬小麦湿渍害风险指数模型;(4)利用所建风险指数模型对江苏省冬小麦的湿渍害风险进行了区划和评估,并提出了各风险区的防御对策。     

基因组编辑对酿酒酵母DNA的损伤作用及修复响应

【目的】为了研究基因组编辑工具CRISPR/Cas9和CRISPR/Cpf1所产生的DNA双链断裂(DNA doublestrandbreak,DSB)对酿酒酵母DNA的损伤作用及修复响应情况,对比化学物质甲基磺酸甲酯(methyl methanesulfonate,MMS)对酿酒酵母基因组DNA的损伤和修复,阐明编辑细胞在细胞水平和转录水平上的变化。【方法】起始细胞分为两种情况,包括未进行细胞周期同步化和被α-因子同步化细胞周期至G0/G1期。检测CRISPR/Cas9和CRISPR/Cpf1处理后编辑细胞的生长情况。利用流式细胞术检测编辑细胞的细胞周期延滞的情况。利用荧光定量PCR检测编辑细胞和MMS处理细胞后DNA损伤响应关键基因转录表达水平的变化情况。【结果】起始细胞无论是未同步化还是同步化,其生长均受到基因组编辑抑制,细胞存活率降低,细胞周期被滞留在G2/M期,而MMS处理导致细胞周期S期的滞留。此外,随编辑时间的延长,突变率增加,细胞存活率降低。CRISPR/Cpf1编辑细胞的突变率和存活率均低于CRISPR/Cas9,由此可见,CRISPR/Cpf1对细胞的损伤强度高于CRISPR/Cas9。两种编辑均诱导酵母DNA损伤响应关键基因RNR3及HUG1转录水平显著上调,并且CRISPR/Cpf1介导的上调幅度大于CRISPR/Cas9,但两者均低于MMS的处理。【结论】本研究解析了CRISPR/Cas9和CRISPR/Cpf1介导的基因组编辑在细胞水平和转录水平上对DNA损伤作用及修复响应,初步揭示了酿酒酵母应对不同类型的DSB损伤时响应程度的差异,为提高基因组编辑工具的编辑能力和评估基因编辑安全性提供了重要依据。