在我国患急性腹泻成人中发现一种新轮状病毒

从3例急性成人腹泻患者粪便中,经电镜观察,成人腹泻轮状病毒—酶联免疫吸附试验(ADRV-ELISA)、普通轮状病毒—酶联免疫吸附试验(Rota-ELISA),猪抗C型(组)轮状病毒和鸡抗D型(组)轮状病毒血清分别与本病毒的免疫电镜试验以及RNA电泳等实验结果,发现了一种新轮状病毒,该病毒的形态结构与普通轮状病毒(Rotavirus)、成人腹泻论状病毒(Adult Diarrhoea Rotavirus,简称ADRV)极为相似,但抗原性与普通轮状病毒(A组),成人腹泻轮状病毒(B组),C型轮状病毒(C组),D型轮状病毒(D组)显然无关。基因分析表明,该病毒基因组由11个双链RNA片段组成,但其RNA电泳图型具有独自的特点,与目前公认的A组、B组、C组、D组论状病毒韵RNA电泳图型均不同,免疫电镜证实,该病毒能被人恢复期血清所凝集,表明该病毒可能是腹泻病人的病因。     

cGMP、cAMP及两种cAMP衍生物对大鼠肝细胞核体外转录系统的影响

 本文介绍了以α-鹅膏蕈碱和低浓度KCl为手段建立了RNA聚合酶Ⅰ、RNA聚合酶Ⅱ活性的细胞核转录系统进而研究了cGMP、cAMP、cAMP丁酯及cAMP硫代环磷酰二乙胺对大鼠肝细胞核中RNA聚合酶Ⅰ与Ⅱ活性的影响。结果显示cGMP可以提高RNA聚合酶Ⅰ的活性;cAMP主要提高RNA聚合酶Ⅱ的活极,而cAMP分子结构变化产生的丁酯及硫代环磷酰二乙胺衍生物可增强cAMP的这种作用,为深入研究cAMP的构效关系提供了实验依据。     

Cytoplasmic suppression of malignancy

Summary Using both normal and transformed rat liver epithelial cells to prepare cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids) we have found evidence to support the theory that the cytoplasm from a normal cell can suppress tumorigenicity. A unique aspect of this study is that all of the cells utilized, both normal and malignantly transformed, were derived from an original cloned cell. We found that fusing cytoplasts from normal cells to malignantly transformed whole cells resulted in cybrid clones which, when injected into newborn rat pups, isogenic with those from which the cell culture was initiated, yielted tumors in 51% of the animals injected compared to 92% of the animals injected with the tumorigenic parent. Those animals that did develop tumors from the cybrid cells survived longer than those injected with cells from the tumorigenic parent. Thus, the cybrid, formed of cytoplasm from both parents, was less tumorigenic than the malignantly transformed parent cell. When reconstituted cells were prepared by fusing cytoplasts from normal cells with karyoplasts from malignantly transformed cells, a situation in which essentially all of the cytoplasm of the reconstituted cell is derived from normal cells, the tumorigenic phenotype was extinguished. This work was supported in part by United States Public Health Service grant CA12056, and grant CA09100 from the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. This work is partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy for B.A.I.     

Isolation and reconstitution of the RNA replicase of the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of silkworm,Bombyx mori

Summary After irradiation of the virus particles of CPV, the RNA replicase associated with the virion was isolated in the form of a genome-replicase complex with DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatography. This complex was then treated with Triton X-100 and purified by phosphocellulose column chromatography. The RNA replicase reconstituted with the doublestranded RNA of CPV showed both the enzyme activity of RNA polymerase and methyltransferase. The single-stranded RNA could not serve as the template for the RNA replicase. The role of the RNA replicase of CPV is discussed.     

Effect of calcium ion on cytoplasmic streaming during turgor regulation in a brackish water charophyte Lamprothamnium

Abstract The brackish water charophyte Lamprothamnium succinctum regulates its turgor pressure against changes in the external osmotic pressure. Upon hypotonic treatment, the rate of cytoplasmic streaming in the internodal cells fell to almost zero, and then recovered to the original value within 20 min. The decrease could be inhibited by lowering the external Ca²⁺ concentration in the hypotonic medium. Also, cytoplasmic streaming in tonoplast-free cells of L. succintum was sensitive to Ca²⁺ like freshwater charophyte. Thus, the concentration of free Ca²⁺ in the cytoplasm seems to increase transiently upon hypotonic treatment.     

Synthesis of RNA by Rhodomicrobium vannielii swarmer cells

Abstract Protein synthesis in Rhodomicrobium vannielii swarmer cells, incubated anaerobically in the dark, is dependent upon a rifampicin-sensitive step, indicating a dependence upon de novo RNA synthesis. In addition, toluene treatment has shown that the motile, non-differentiating swarmer cells have the capacity to initiate and sustain RNA synthesis. The major form of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase responsible for this RNA synthesis has been identified.     

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Spirochaeta aurantia

Abstract A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase was isolated from Spirochaeta aurantia . The M _r values of the holoenzyme subunits are 164000, 142000, 84000, and 44500. The RNA polymerase activity was sensitive to heparin, streptolydigin, and actinomycin D, while rifampicin and streptovaricin did not inhibit activity.     

Comparison of the ribosomal RNA genes in four closely relatedCucurbitaceae

Cucurbitaceae are characterized by a high copy number for nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. We have investigated the genomic ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of four closely related species of this family with respect to structure, length heterogeneity, and evolution. InCucumis melo (melon) there are two main length variants of rDNA repeats with 10.7 and 10.55kb.Cucumis sativus (cucumber) shows at least three repeat types with 11.5, 10.5, and 10.2kb.Cucurbita pepo (zucchini) has two different repeat types with 10.0 and 9.3kb. There are also two different repeat types inCucurbita maxima (pumpkin) of about 11.2 and 10.5kb. Restriction enzyme mapping of the genomic rDNA of these four plants and of cloned repeats ofC. sativus shows further heterogeneities which are due to methylation or point mutations. By comparison of the restriction enzyme maps it was possible to trace some evolutionary events in the family ofCucurbitaceae. Some aspects of regulation and function of the middle repetitive rRNA genes (here between 2000 and 10000 copies) are discussed.