林窗模型BKPF模拟伊春地区红松针阔叶混交林采伐迹地对气候变化的潜在反应

用森林演替模型BKPF研究黑龙江省伊春地区红松针阔叶混交林采伐迹地上森林演替在未来50年气候变化和CO₂浓度增加的反应得出:伊春地区采伐迹地演替50年后红松和硬阔叶树的数量增加,落叶松、山杨与白桦减少;林分密度略有降低;林分生产力增加约7%～28%;林分地上部分总生物量增加15%～24%;叶面积指数增加约5%～8%.气候变化有利于采伐迹地阔叶红松林恢复.     

Best management practices to face degraded territories occupied by Cistus ladanifer shrublands – Portugal case study

Land degradation in the Mediterranean Basin is clearly connected to the resilience of perturbed ecosystems, contributing to land abandonment, recurrent fires and biodiversity loss, with the prevalence of secondary shrublands that tend to occupy large areas. This is the case of Cistus ladanifer shrublands, one of the most widespread shrub communities in the Iberian Peninsula and a poor, uniform and resilient system. Here, we analyse the impact of several management practices in the recovery of territories largely occupied by this shrubland. We tested “non-intervention”, “cut”, “fire”, “mechanical mobilisation” and “pasture” in 100-m² plots of Cistus ladaniferus L., in Central Portugal, and followed them from 1993. Flora were analysed using Braun–Blanquet's methodology and the plots were compared with hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. An analysis of variance was also performed to investigate differences in management practices, both between plots and between two periods of time. The results show that extensive grazing or continuous cut have a high impact on plant diversity and community structure, with extensive grazing being the best way to improve plant diversity in a short period of time, using fewer resources.     

基质水势对切花百合植株干物质分配影响的预测模型

干物质分配与转移是观赏植物外观品质形成的基础,受水分影响极大.本文以切花百合品种‘索邦’为试验材料,于2009年3月至2010年1月在南京的连栋温室内开展了不同定植期和不同水分处理的栽培试验,定量分析了不同定植期和不同水分处理条件下切花百合干物质分配和转移的变化规律,以及基质水势对百合地上部和地下部各器官(花、茎、叶、鳞茎、茎生根)干物质分配指数的动态影响,并确定了切花百合正常生长的临界基质水势,最终建立了基质水势对切花百合植株干物质分配影响的动态预测模型.结果表明:本文所建模型对百合各器官(花、茎、叶、鳞茎、茎生根)干质量的预测效果较好,模型对花、茎、叶、鳞茎、茎生根干质量的预测值与实测值之间的决定系数分别为0.96、0.95、0.86、0.95、0.85,预测相对标准误分别为19.2％、12.4％、19.4％、12.2％、31.7％.-15 kPa可作为切花百合‘索邦’水分管理的临界水势.     

Surface Engineering Strategies of Layered LiCoO2 Cathode Material to Realize High‐Energy and High‐Voltage Li‐Ion Cells

Battery industries and research groups are further investigating LiCoO₂ to unravel the capacity at high‐voltages (>4.3 vs Li). The research trends are towards the surface modification of the LiCoO₂ and stabilize it structurally and chemically. In this report, the recent progress in the surface‐coating materials i.e., single‐element, binary, and ternary hybrid‐materials etc. and their coating methods are illustrated. Further, the importance of evaluating the surface‐coated LiCoO₂ in the Li‐ion full‐cell is highlighted with our recent results. Mg,P‐coated LiCoO₂ full‐cells exhibit excellent thermal stability, high‐temperature cycle and room‐temperature rate capabilities with high energy‐density of ≈1.4 W h cc^?1 at 10 C and 4.35 V. Besides, pouch‐type full‐cells with high‐loading (18 mg cm^?2) electrodes of layered‐Li(Ni,Mn)O₂ ‐coated LiCoO₂ not only deliver prolonged cycle‐life at room and elevated‐temperatures but also high energy‐density of ≈2 W h cc^?1 after 100 cycles at 25 °C and 4.47 V (vs natural graphite). The post‐mortem analyses and experimental results suggest enhanced electrochemical performances are attributed to the mechanistic behaviour of hybrid surface‐coating layers that can mitigate undesirable side reactions and micro‐crack formations on the surface of LiCoO₂ at the adverse conditions. Hence, the surface‐engineering of electrode materials could be a viable path to achieve the high‐energy Li‐ion cells for future applications.     

蕾后期和花前期切花菊品种'神马'不同部位叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的比较

对蕾后期和花前期切花菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)品种'神马'('Jinba')不同部位叶片光合作用参数日变化、叶绿素荧光参数、光响应曲线及参数进行了研究.结果表明:蕾后期和花前期品种'神马'叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和净光合速率(Pn)的日变化均为单峰曲线,峰值出现在10:00或12:00;胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的日变化则先降低后升高,谷值出现在12:00.蕾后期和花前期品种'神马'叶片Tr、Ci和Gs值的平均值总体上随叶片位置降低而逐渐升高;蕾后期不同部位叶片Pn值的平均值差异较小,花前期叶片Pn值的平均值则随叶片位置降低而逐渐降低.随着叶片位置降低,蕾后期和花前期品种'神马'叶片的初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、表观量子效率(AQE)和最大净光合速率(Pmax)以及蕾后期的暗呼吸速率(Rd)均逐渐降低,而花前期的Rd值以及蕾后期和花前期的光补偿点(LCP)均逐渐升高.随着光合有效辐射(PAR)升高,蕾后期不同部位叶片以及花前期中部叶和下部叶的Pn值呈先急剧升高后趋于平稳的变化趋势,而花前期上部叶的Pn值则呈先急剧升高后逐渐下降的变化趋势.研究结果显示:在切花菊设施栽培过程中适当补充光照可提高切花菊品质.     

晚香玉引种及切花栽培

本文总结晚香玉引种与切花栽培技术.晚香玉在福建福州地区露地栽培,表现为适应性强、生长发育良好,基本无病虫害;切花瓶插寿命约15d;种球繁殖率6～10倍;种球经低温冷藏结合设施栽培,可周年开花.同时介绍了晚香玉不同栽培品种的开花特征.     

Changes in Nothofagus pumilio forest biodiversity during the forest management cycle. 2. Birds

Human activities, such as logging, modify the forest structure and the microenvironments of the original Nothofagus forests. The aims of this work were to evaluate changes in the diversity and relative abundance of birds and to analyze their trophic relationships with insect and plant communities along the Nothofagus pumilio forest management cycle. Data was collected using a point sampling method along transects located in different forest structures during the summer season, by direct (sight) and indirect (hearing) recognition following sunrise. Bird diversity and abundance significantly varied along the forest management cycle. Seven new species appeared after harvest, but the total number did not vary by the end of the forest management cycle, and there was no significant loss of species. Bird abundance was directly related to the insect abundance and plant biomass. Relationship between groups (lower plants, monocotyledons and dicotyledonous) is also discussed. Major studies in bird ecology are necessary to develop new silvicultural alternatives based on the more sensitive species to harvest. Forest management strategies and mitigation alternatives must be incorporated into forest planning in order to maintain the original structure of bird communities and the equilibrium with other forest species.     

不同制剂在月季切花保鲜中的效果研究

以月季为材料,通过各种微生物保鲜剂的保鲜,了解其保鲜效果,并观察衰老过程中微生物与植物材料自身的生理变化,以探讨衰老原因。     

牡丹切花能荷水平及能量代谢与瓶插品质的关系

为了揭示牡丹切花能量调控规律及其与切花瓶插品质的关系,以发育至二级状态的‘洛阳红’切花为试材,研究高能荷水平(大田自然生长,FNG)和低能荷水平(自然生长采后5～6 ℃贮藏15 d,PCS)状态下切花瓶插品质与能荷以及能量代谢的敏感基因SnRK1表达的关系。结果表明：(1)与FNG(高能荷)相比,PCS(低能荷)明显加快瓶插过程中牡丹切花开放和衰老进程,显著缩短瓶插寿命和减小最大花径,并提早呼吸跃变峰值,提高呼吸速率,加快蔗糖降解,导致花瓣琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和线粒体复合体Ⅳ(CCO)活性下降加快,造成ATP和EC水平快速下降,引起PsSnRK1的表达水平上调时间提前,表达水平提高。(2)PsSnRK1 基因能够对牡丹花瓣能量匮乏快速响应,能荷水平下降可诱导 PsSnRK1基因表达上调。研究发现,冷藏后花瓣能荷水平下降是导致牡丹切花瓶插过程中花朵快速衰老的重要因素之一,花瓣能量状况在调控牡丹切花瓶插品质过程中起着重要作用,并为通过调节牡丹切花能量水平提高切花瓶插品质提供一种新策略。