Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures ofRosa hybrida andRosa chinensis minima

Pre-incubation of somatic tissues of the cut rose Carefree Beauty and miniature roses Red Sunblaze and Baby Katie in 10, 100, or 200 M 2,4-D induced the development of highly rhizogenic callus. Upon transfer of rhizogenic callus to a regeneration medium containing 23 M TDZ and 3 M GA₃, a low frequency of shoot organogenesis (3.3%) and somatic embryogenesis (6.6%) was observed. Incubation of leaf and stem internodes in 11, 27, 54, 81, or 108 M NAA followed by transfer of explants to the regeneration medium resulted in up to a 25% increase in shoot organogenesis from callus-derived internodal explants of Red Sunblaze, but no somatic embryogenesis was observed. The influence of glucose versus sucrose in the regeneration medium on leaf explants of Carefree Beauty and Baby Katie pre-incubated in 100 M 2,4-D revealed a difference in genotypic response to shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. For Carefree Beauty, a concentration of 111 mM glucose induced higher frequencies of both organogenic (33%) and embryogenic calluses (25%) than either 59 mM or 117 mM sucrose. For Baby Katie, no significant difference was found for number of organogenic calluses induced on 59 mM sucrose and 111 mM glucose.Abbreviations ABA Abscisic acid - BA Benzyladenine - 2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - GA₃ Gibberellic acid - IAA Indoleacetic acid - MS Murashige & Skoog (1962) - NAA -Naphthaleneacetic acid - TDZ Thidiazuron     

New horizons in culture and valorization of red microalgae

Research on marine microalgae has been abundantly published and patented these last years leading to the production and/or the characterization of some biomolecules such as pigments, proteins, enzymes, biofuels, polyunsaturated fatty acids, enzymes and hydrocolloids. This literature focusing on metabolic pathways, structural characterization of biomolecules, taxonomy, optimization of culture conditions, biorefinery and downstream process is often optimistic considering the valorization of these biocompounds. However, the accumulation of knowledge associated with the development of processes and technologies for biomass production and its treatment has sometimes led to success in the commercial arena. In the history of the microalgae market, red marine microalgae are well positioned particularly for applications in the field of high value pigment and hydrocolloid productions. This review aims to establish the state of the art of the diversity of red marine microalgae, the advances in characterization of their metabolites and the developments of bioprocesses to produce this biomass.     

表油菜素内对月季切花中几种与膜脂过氧化相关生理指标的影响

2%蔗糖 200mg·L-1硼酸 0.5mg·L-1表油菜素内酯(epiBR)可减缓月季切花体内的超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性和抗坏血酸含量的下降,削弱丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜相对透性的上升幅度,从而延长切花的瓶插寿命。     

正交设计优选马蹄莲鲜切花染色技术初步研究

利用正交设计选优方法探讨5种食用色素对马蹄莲鲜切花染色的最佳条件,得出5种食用色素的染色剂浓度、染色时间、染液pH值的最佳组合分别为:柠檬黄9g/L、6h、7.1,胭脂红12g/L、5h、8.5,果绿6g/L、5.5h、6.0,日落黄9g/L、5h、9.2,苋菜红9g/L (或12g/L)、6h、9.4;染色后切花瓶插寿命稍有缩短,但能达到切花所要求的5~8d观赏期。     

四种简易切花保鲜剂比较试验

以瓶插寿命、鲜重及水分平衡值变化为指标,探讨由蔗糖、食盐、酒精、阿司匹林、食醋、青霉素等日常用品组成的四种配方的简易保鲜剂,对香石竹、非洲菊和玫瑰鲜切花的保鲜效果。结果表明,四种保鲜剂中,以配方B(1 L水+10 g蔗糖+10 g食盐+10 ml酒精)保鲜效果较为理想,能改善花枝的吸水状况,延长鲜切花水分平衡时间,从而延长鲜切花瓶插寿命。     

一种新型花烛切花保鲜剂的效果

通过近两年的研究,我室研制出无毒、无腐蚀、无色、无污染的新型环保型高效花烛切花保鲜剂。经试验,该保鲜剂在较高和较低温度条件下保鲜效果稳定,与空白对照及含银保鲜剂相比,具有保鲜期长、切花质量好的效果。     

不同保鲜剂对月季切花的保鲜效应

本试验研究不同保鲜剂对月季切花瓶插寿命、观赏品质的影响。正交试验表明,在供试保鲜剂的9个组合中,配方7(P₇)[0.2% Ca(NO₃)₂+0 Suc+400mg/L B₉+1mmol/L STS]保鲜效果最好,可明显延长月季切花瓶插寿命;以P₇保鲜剂喷洒花瓣可促进花朵生长发育;月季切花在瓶插过程中,其花瓣组织的pH值随切花的衰老而上升。     

鲜切花的衰老与保鲜(综述)

本文概述鲜切花在瓶插过程中水分代谢、物质代谢、植物激素,细胞膜变化与切花衰老之间的关系,以及鲜切花保鲜技术的研究进展。     

红光与远红光比值对切花菊‘神马’发育和外观品质的影响

为了探讨不同R/FR值对温室切花菊发育进程和品质的影响,以切花菊品种‘神马’(Chrysanthemum morifoliumcv.‘Jingba’)为试材,设计不同红光(R:660nm!10nm)与远红光(FR:730nm!10nm)比值(R/FR)为0.5、2.5、4.5、6.5的LED灯照射处理试验,以自然光为对照(CK),观测不同处理的菊花发育阶段和品质指标。结果表明:与CK相比,R/FR=2.5处理显著加快菊花的发育进程(P<0.05),R/FR=2.5处理下短日照处理到现蕾、现蕾到破蕾及破蕾到收获3个发育阶段分别比CK提前4d、8d和5d,R/FR=0.5处理发育速度最慢,3个阶段分别比CK晚4d、2d和2d;不同R/FR值处理下菊花株高、单株叶龄、单株叶面积、茎粗、花径和花梗长度均随温光效应的增加呈增加的趋势,并在R/FR=2.5时取得最大值;收获时切花菊达到A级和B级产品等级的比例分别以R/FR=2.5和4.5处理最高。本研究发现,R/FR为2.5能够显著促进菊花发育进程和提高菊花的外观品质和A级切花的比例。     

氮素对长江中下游温室切花百合外观品质影响的模拟研究

氮素是影响花卉生长与外观品质的重要营养元素。定量研究氮素对温室切花百合外观品质的影响,可为切花百合氮素管理提供决策支持。以百合‘索邦’和‘西伯利亚’为材料,根据不同定植期、生长中后期不同速效氮素水平处理试验,以冠层累积吸收辐热积(PTI)为发育尺度,以现蕾期叶片累积氮含量为植株氮素特征指标,定量分析氮素对切花百合外观品质指标(叶面积指数、株高、出叶数、第1花蕾长度与第1花蕾直径)和出花率的动态影响。在此基础上,建立氮素对切花百合外观品质影响的模拟模型,并用独立的试验数据对模型进行检验。结果表明,模型对叶面积指数、株高、出叶数、第1花蕾长度、第1花蕾直径、一级花、二级花、三级花和四级花的预测效果较好,预测值与实测值之间基于1∶1线的决定系数(r2)分别为0.92、0.85、0.86、0.91、0.88、0.88、0.88、0.91和0.91,相对回归估计标准误(rRMSE)分别为0.09、0.10、0.14、0.13、0.12、0.18、0.15、0.18和0.21。研究建立的模型为长江中下游地区温室切花百合生产中氮素的优化管理提供了模型工具,也为露地栽培切花百合生产中氮素的优化管理提供了参考。