全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1008篇 |
免费 | 75篇 |
国内免费 | 66篇 |
专业分类
1149篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 50篇 |
2018年 | 46篇 |
2017年 | 37篇 |
2016年 | 43篇 |
2015年 | 39篇 |
2014年 | 48篇 |
2013年 | 94篇 |
2012年 | 34篇 |
2011年 | 53篇 |
2010年 | 55篇 |
2009年 | 45篇 |
2008年 | 58篇 |
2007年 | 51篇 |
2006年 | 39篇 |
2005年 | 28篇 |
2004年 | 46篇 |
2003年 | 22篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1149条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
31.
32.
Heidi Colleran 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2016,371(1692)
Cultural evolutionists have long been interested in the problem of why fertility declines as populations develop. By outlining plausible mechanistic links between individual decision-making, information flow in populations and competition between groups, models of cultural evolution offer a novel and powerful approach for integrating multiple levels of explanation of fertility transitions. However, only a modest number of models have been published. Their assumptions often differ from those in other evolutionary approaches to social behaviour, but their empirical predictions are often similar. Here I offer the first overview of cultural evolutionary research on demographic transition, critically compare it with approaches taken by other evolutionary researchers, identify gaps and overlaps, and highlight parallel debates in demography. I suggest that researchers divide their labour between three distinct phases of fertility decline—the origin, spread and maintenance of low fertility—each of which may be driven by different causal processes, at different scales, requiring different theoretical and empirical tools. A comparative, multi-level and mechanistic framework is essential for elucidating both the evolved aspects of our psychology that govern reproductive decision-making, and the social, ecological and cultural contingencies that precipitate and sustain fertility decline. 相似文献
33.
34.
《Basic and Applied Ecology》2014,15(5):385-395
Wood-pastures are fragile ecosystems because they were formed by, and depend on specific, low-intensity multifunctional management. Although their ecological and cultural significance is high, wood-pastures are rapidly deteriorating all over Europe, mainly due to changing land use. We still lack a basic understanding of the ecological value of wood-pastures, and in which features they differ from other landscape elements. In this paper we investigated the ecological value of wood-pastures for passerine birds by (i) comparing bird assemblages of wood-pastures with those of closed forests and open pastures and (ii) exploring the relationships between variables describing wood-pastures and species traits of the bird assemblages. Our study region (Southern Transylvania, Romania) provides a unique opportunity to understand the importance of a traditional cultural and ecological environment for many different organisms. Wood-pastures had a higher overall number of bird species, and a higher spatial turnover in bird community composition than closed forests and open pastures. We found significant associations between bird species traits and habitat structural elements in wood-pastures such as large trees, oak- and pear trees and shrubs. Our findings suggest that traditional wood-pastures in Southern Transylvania have distinct and rich passerine bird communities. This richness is inextricably linked to the multifunctional, low-intensity land use traditionally applied in the wood-pastures that promotes high niche diversity. For effective conservation of the biodiversity of wood-pastures, a detailed understanding is needed of how different management regimes may influence the key structural elements of wood-pastures relevant for biodiversity and these should be protected. 相似文献
35.
BOSCH, J., 1992. Floral biology and pollinators of three co-occurring Cistus species (Cistaceae). The pollination of three species of Cistus, Cistus albidus L., Cistus salvifolius L. and Cistus monspeliensis L. is studied. Insect visitors were censused and some were captured to analyse pollen distribution on their bodies. Floral phenology, breeding systems, some aspects of floral biology (pollen and nectar production, pollen-ovule ratios) and floral morphology were also studied for each species. Flowers of C. albidus produce more pollen and nectar than the other two species studied, and attract more insects, especially those with higher nutritional requirements. All three species are highly self-incompatible, but C. salvifolius and C. monspeliensis show some features that hinder xenogamy, and they have lower pollen-ovule ratios than C. albidus. As a result, this latter species apparently receives higher levels of cross-pollination, but at the cost of a higher investment to attract and reward reliable pollinators. 相似文献
36.
Denis S. Willett Camila C. Filgueiras Jan P. Nyrop Brian A. Nault 《Journal of Applied Entomology》2020,144(5):382-387
Onion maggot (Delia antiqua) is an economically important pest of Allium crops in temperate regions throughout the world. Management of this pest is necessary to achieve economic returns and depends on insecticide regimes and cultural management. Current cultural management especially altering planting date, field location and crop rotation depend on monitoring. We evaluated the effect of shape, size, colour and chemical attractants on trap catch of field populations of adult D. antiqua flies in upstate New York. White, large diameter, spherical traps in conjunction with Delia Lure attractant performed the best in attracting and catching D. antiqua adults. These results suggest an improved means of attracting and capturing D. antiqua populations which could be useful in monitoring efforts and development of attract and kill strategies for pest control. 相似文献
37.
Biological pest control by means of beneficial organisms is for long part of agriculture and Integrated Pest Management (IPM). A new and efficient strategy to control the most common timber pest species in churches and museums, the furniture beetle Anobium punctatum (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), is based on the parasitoid wasp species Spathius exarator (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Once this braconid wasp detects its host species beneath the surface, it pierces the wood with its ovipositor to lay one single egg onto the beetle larva. After hatching, the wasp larva feeds on the beetle larva thereby killing it. Afterwards, it pupates and emerges through a self-gnawed hole as an adult wasp. The tiny, 0.5-mm-wide exit hole can easily be distinguished from the 1- to 2-mm-wide exit hole of A. punctatum. Laboratory tests revealed that female wasps have an average life span of 85 days and produce a total of 24 offspring, when nutrition is provided. Between 2012 and 2019, braconid wasps were introduced into 54 different A. punctatum infested buildings. Treatment success was monitored by examining exit holes of new beetles and wasps thereby calculating corresponding parasitism rates. After the first year of treatment, parasitism rates were significantly higher with a mean value of 0.15 when compared to untreated objects with a natural parasitism and a mean value of 0.08 (n = 54). Following treatment of three objects over a period of eight years, parasitism rates continuously increased from 0.02 up to 0.31. In a church organ, which was treated during this period, the monitoring revealed a complete suppression of pest activity. These data prove that this biological method of pest control is an efficient, sustainable and non-toxic option to manage the common furniture beetle. 相似文献
38.
39.
Yasmine Musharbash 《The Australian journal of anthropology》2013,24(1):48-63
Sleeping leaves those asleep ‘blind’ and hence oblivious to potential or real danger. Such dangers are heightened further and more feared at night, the main time for sleep. In this article, I link ideas about sleep and nighttime social practices with questions about vision. My aim is to tease out some of the meanings implied in cross‐culturally distinct solutions to the protection of sleepers at night. I proceed by contrasting ethnographic data from the remote Aboriginal settlement of Yuendumu, Northern Territory, with select elements of the cultural history of Euro‐American sleep. Through ethnographic vignettes, I illuminate how people at Yuendumu commonly arrange themselves in yunta, or rows of sleepers, at night, and how some sleepers awake regularly during the night to ensure the others’ safety. I contrast this with Euro‐American ways of providing a sense of safety to the sleeper through practices of domestic fortification. My comparison revolves around the notion of sight, which in the Euro‐American West is clearly linked to ideas of knowledge, and at Yuendumu, as I demonstrate, imbued with a sense of care. I conclude by relating the gained insights to participant observation as anthropological method. 相似文献
40.
Chu-Hua Lu Yu-Sheng Hsiao Chiung-Wen Kuo Peilin Chen 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2013