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121.
七子花苗期光合日进程及光响应 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对七子花苗期光合日进程及光响应进行了研究,结果表明:(1)净光合速率的日进程曲线呈双峰型,胞间CO2浓度的日进程基本与净光合速率相反,中午胞间CO2浓度增高表明净光合速率午间降低主要受非气孔限制因素的影响。暗呼吸速率日进程呈单峰曲线,中午最高。光能利用效率以上午7∶00为最高,中午最低,以后又逐渐上升。(2)净光合速率最适温度为25~30℃,高光合有效辐射和高温下光抑制加剧。(3)29℃下饱和光强为890μmolm 2s 1,表观量子效率为0.0325,光补偿点为44μmolm 2s 1;随着光合有效辐射的增强,气孔阻力减小,但光合有效辐射过高,气孔阻力却有所上升。(4)在29℃的饱和光强下,羧化效率为0.0351,CO2补偿点为173μmolmol 1,低于或高于饱和光强,羧化效率下降,CO2补偿点升高。 相似文献
122.
An in situ method for cultivating microorganisms using a double encapsulation technique 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The lack of cultured microorganisms represents a bottleneck for advancement in microbiology. The development of novel culturing techniques is, therefore, a crucial step in our understanding of microbial diversity in general, and the role of such diversity in the environment, in particular. This study presents an innovative method for cultivating microorganisms by encapsulating them within agar spheres, which are then encased in a polysulfonic polymeric membrane and incubated in a simulated or natural environment. This method stimulates growth of the entrapped microorganisms by allowing them access to essential nutrients and cues from the environment. It allows for the discovery of microorganisms from dilutions that are 10–100-fold greater than possible with conventional plating techniques. Analysis of microorganisms grown in such spheres incubated in and on a number of different substrates yielded numerous novel ribotypes. For example, spheres incubated on the mucus surface of a Fungiid coral yielded numerous ribotypes, with only 50% sharing similarity (85–96%) to previously identified microorganisms. This suggests that many of the species represent novel ribotypes. Hence, the technique reported here advances our ability to retrieve and successfully culture microorganisms and provides an innovative tool to access unknown microbial diversity. 相似文献
123.
The dynamic state of antioxidant capacity of flavonoid was investigated for a further demonstration of alleviating the damage
of the ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation in the La-treated soybean seedlings under UV-B stress. Using hydroponics culture, the
effects of lanthanum on the contents of flavonoid and its ability of antioxidant under elevated ultraviolet-B radiation (280–320 nm)
was studied. The results showed flavonoid content in soybean seedlings with UV-B treatment during the stress and convalescent
period was increased initially and then decreased, compared with control. Membrane permeability and MDA contents increase
at first (first to fifth day) and then decrease (6th–11th day). A similar change of flavonoid content and clearance of flavonoid
scavenging and ·OH in soybean seedlings occurred. Flavonoid content and ability of flavonoid scavenging and ·OH in soybean seedlings with La(III) + UV-B treatment were higher than those of UV-B treatment. Meanwhile, membrane
permeability and MDA contents in soybean seedlings were lower than those of UV-B treatment. Compared with control, phenylalanine
content in soybean seedlings with UV-B treatment is depressed, phenylalanine content in soybean seedlings with La(III) treatment
was enhanced. However, phenylalanine content in La(III) + UV-B treatment is not decreased but slightly increased, compared
with UV-B treatment. It suggested that the regulative effect of La(III) of the optimum concentration on flavonoid improved
the metabolism of ROS, diminished the concentration of MDA and maintained normal plasma membrane permeability, and that its
protective effect against low UV-B radiation is superior to that of high UV-B radiation. The defensive effect of La(III) on
soybean seedlings under UV-B stress is carried out on the layer of defense system. 相似文献
124.
Christa P. H. Mulder M. Nicole Grant-Hoffman David R. Towns Peter J. Bellingham David A. Wardle Melody S. Durrett Tadashi Fukami Karen I. Bonner 《Biological invasions》2009,11(7):1671-1688
Introduced rats (Rattus spp.) can affect island vegetation structure and ecosystem functioning, both directly and indirectly (through the reduction
of seabird populations). The extent to which structure and function of islands where rats have been eradicated will converge
on uninvaded islands remains unclear. We compared three groups of islands in New Zealand: islands never invaded by rats, islands
with rats, and islands on which rats have been controlled. Differences between island groups in soil and leaf chemistry and
leaf production were largely explained by burrow densities. Community structure of woody seedlings differed by rat history
and burrow density. Plots on islands with high seabird densities had the most non-native plant species. Since most impacts
of rats were mediated through seabird density, the removal of rats without seabird recolonization is unlikely to result in
a reversal of these processes. Even if seabirds return, a novel plant community may emerge. 相似文献
125.
Amy E. Miller Tammy L. Wilson Rosemary L. Sherriff James Walton 《Global Change Biology》2017,23(12):5509-5522
Regional warming has led to increased productivity near the boreal forest margin in Alaska. To date, the effects of warming on seedling recruitment have received little attention, in spite of forecasted forest expansion. Here, we used stand structure and environmental data from 95 white spruce (Picea glauca) plots sampled across a longitudinal gradient in southwest Alaska to explore factors influencing spruce establishment and recruitment near western treeline. We used total counts of live seedlings, saplings, and trees, representing five life stages, to evaluate whether geospatial, climate, and measured plot covariates predicted abundance, using current abundance distributions as a surrogate for climate conditions in the past. We used generalized linear models to test the null hypothesis that conditions favorable for recruitment were similar along the environmental gradient represented by longitude, by exploring relationships between per‐plot counts of each life stage and the covariates hypothesized to affect abundance. We also examined the relationship between growing degree days (GDD) and seedling establishment over a period of three decades using tree‐ring chronologies obtained from cores taken at a subset of our sites (n = 30). Our results indicated that seedling, sapling, and tree abundance were positively correlated with temperature across the study area. The response to longitude was mixed, with earlier life stages (seedlings, saplings) most abundant at the western end of the gradient, and later life stages (trees) most abundant to the east. The differential relationship between longitude and life‐stage abundance suggests a moving front of white spruce establishment through time, driven by changes in environmental conditions near the species’ western range limit. Likewise, we found a positive relationship between periods of seedling establishment and GDD, suggesting that longer summers and/or greater heat accumulation might enhance establishment, consistent with the positive relationship we found between life‐stage abundance and temperature. 相似文献
126.
127.
A common observation in tropical dry forests is the habitat preference of tree species along spatial soil water gradients. This pattern of habitat partitioning might be a result of species differentiation in their strategy for using water, along with competing functions such as maximizing water exploitation and tolerating soil water stress. We tested whether species from drier soil conditions exhibited a tolerance strategy compared with that of wet-habitat species. In a comparison of 12 morphophysiological traits in seedlings of 10 closely related dry and wet-habitat species pairs, we explored what trade-offs guide differentiation between habitats and species. Contrary to our expectations, dry-habitat species showed mostly traits associated with an exploitation strategy (higher carbon assimilation capacity, specific leaf area and leaf-specific conductivity and lower water-use efficiency). Strikingly, dry-habitat species tended to retain their leaves longer during drought. Additionally, we detected multiple strategies to live within each habitat, in part due to variation of strategies among lineages, as well as functional differentiation along the water storage capacity-stem density (xylem safety) trade-off. Our results suggest that fundamental trade-offs guide functional niche differentiation among tree species expressed both within and between soil water habitats in a tropical dry forest. 相似文献
128.
Costanzo E 《Bioelectromagnetics》2011,32(7):589-592
The biological effects of extremely low-frequency electric fields (ELF) on living organisms have been explored in many studies, but the results are controversial and only a few studies investigated the influence of the intensity of the applied field on seedling growth. Here we assess the effects of a 50 Hz sinusoidal electric field on the early growth of Vigna radiata seedlings while varying the field intensity. Experiments performed in a dark, constant-climate chamber on several thousands of seedlings show that the field produces an inhibitory effect at a low field intensity and an enhancing one at a higher intensity. The maximum negative effect occurs at about 450 V/m, which is an intensity much lower than the exposure limits currently in force in the safety regulations. 相似文献
129.
130.