Floor-coverings and hanging screens alter arboreal monkey behavior

The use of floor-covering has been shown to substantially alter the behavior of captive terrestrial primates. Experiments with two large family groups of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and two of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) have shown that the type of floor-covering also beneficially alters the behavior of arboreal monkeys, increasing use of the floor and decreasing inactivity. These effects increased over 2.5 mo, and appeared to be due to the reduced aversiveness of the floor. Hanging screens also produced beneficial effects.     

Stem cell research in Asia: A critical view

Stem cell research stands as a high‐priority field in many countries across the Asia‐Pacific region, and the past decade has seen remarkable investment into facilities and programs intended to increase competitiveness in the drive to find clinical applications. In the years roughly framed by Korean cloner Woo‐Suk Hwang's meteoric ascent and fall, speculation was rampant that Asia was poised to overtake the West in this field of science. But that potential remains unfulfilled. In this article, I will look at some of the deficits in infrastructure and governance that underlie the East–West stem cell gap, and suggest a number of measures that might be taken to remedy them. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 853–856, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Behavioral signatures of structured feature detection during courtship in Drosophila

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Harm to Others Acts as a Negative Reinforcer in Rats

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Characterization of microsatellite loci for the Argentine ant,Linepithema humile,and their potential for analysis of colony structure in invading Hawaiian populations

We developed primers for five polymorphic microsatellite loci to analyse the genetic structure of colonies in an invading Argentine ant population located in Haleakala National Park on the island of Maui, Hawaii. Microsatellite loci were isolated using both a polymerase chain reaction‐based and a cloning‐based method. With a range of 3–18 alleles and expected levels of heterozygosity of 0.46–0.77, these loci provide useful markers for the detection of colony and population structure in new or expanding populations of this species.     

The control of Myrmica rubra workers by queens of their own and other Myrmica species and the interaction between queenless groups of workers

ABSTRACT. Queens of two species of the ant genus Myrmica bonded to workers of the species M. rubra L. as the latter emerge from the pupal skin can use these workers nearly 6 months later to arrest gyne formation in sex-competent larvae of the same species. Queens of M. ruginodis Nylander var. microgyria (Brian & Brian, 1949) are as good at this as the natural M. rubra , but those of M. sabuleti Meinert (of a race close to M. scabrinodis) are not. Though the M. sabuleti queens induce normal aggression against sexualizing larvae, they are unable to prevent some or all of the workers feeding larvae as though they were queenless. However, queens from different colonies of M. rubra adopted by queenless populations of workers in spring, control their brood-rearing behaviour perfectly. M. rubra workers from different colonies bring gynes to maturity from female sexual larvae at different average sizes. When workers from two such sources are mixed in equal proportions, the size of gyne larva produced after a week's culture corresponds with that of one of the worker populations; it is not intermediate in size. Also, large workers can rear larger gyne-larvae than small workers of the same age. This is only true if the workers have been living with queens all the time from emergence as an imago to the moment the experiment was set. Size mixtures only achieve the same size larvae as a pure culture of small workers would. A possible reason for this is that small workers exclude the larger ones from the nursery areas of the nest.     

A video-based study of the role of workers in the movement of queens in the polygynous ant Myrmica rubra

Workers have control over queen movement between cells, encouraging small groups of queens to join together to form a larger one. Single queens are more easily monoeuvred by the workers, compared to a group of queens, due to the loose arrangement of the workers surrounding the queen. Workers clustering around many queens are tightly compacted together, but are less compressed around a single queen. Some of the workers initiate colony activity by circulating each nest in an erratic, jerky manner and entering a cluster which is broken up as a result of the disturbance. The effects of worker/queen interactions in a natural nest are discussed.

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Résumé Les ouvrières contrôlent les mouvements des reines entre les cellules, encourageant les petits groupes à fusionner. Les reines isolées sont plus facilement manoeuvrées par les ouvrières que les groupes de reines, par suite de la disposition désordonnée des ouvrières entourant la reine. Les ouvrières groupées autour de nombreuses reines sont étroitement serrées ensemble, et le sont moins autour d'une reine isolée. Quelques ouvrières provoquent l'activité de la colonie en circulant d'une façon irrégulière et saccadée, et en entrant dans le groupe qui se désagrège à la suite de cette perturbation. Les effets des interactions entre ouvrières et reines dans un nid naturel sont discutés.

     

Kr-h1 maintains distinct caste-specific neurotranscriptomes in response to socially regulated hormones

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