基于网络环境下植物学实验课程的设计与构建

植物学实验网络课程是植物学实验教与学的网络平台。探讨网络环境下植物学实验课程体系的结构和网络教学系统组成,通过建立植物学实验网络辅助教学系统并予以应用,优化整合资源,探索提高植物学实验教学质量的途径。     

遗传学与基因组学整合课程探讨

基因组学是遗传学的重要学科分支,具有全新研究思维和技术手段,已经形成一个系统而完整的体系。在本科课程中加强基因组学教学是遗传学学科发展的要求,有利于对学生进行科学思维训练、提高学生生物伦理学修养和学习兴趣。整合遗传学与基因组学课程符合学科发展规律和教学规律。目前国内已经基本具备相关教材,通过调整遗传学教学内容,合理选择教学方法,充分利用计算机辅助教学,在本科教学中整合遗传学与基因组学是可行的。     

Reproducibility of vegetation cover estimates in south‐central Alaska forests

Abstract. Reproducibility of vegetation measurements is critical for large‐scale or long‐term studies, where numerous observers collect data, but past studies have questioned repro‐ducibility of some techniques. Five methods of evaluating understory composition were appraised for reproducibility among six observers in two forest types in south‐central Alaska: ocular estimates in quadrats, overall community species rank and cover estimates, nested rooted frequency, horizontal‐vertical profiles, and pin drop (systematic points). One forest type was selected to represent structure of coastal communities, another to represent structure of interior Alaska communities. Three general methods of evaluating reproducibility were considered: standard deviations (precision among observers), components of variance (percentage of total variance attributable to observers), and analysis of variance (significance of observer variance). Observer variances were generally similar among techniques and significant in most cases. No technique stood out as being more reproducible than others. Features of techniques other than reproducibility may be more important when selecting a technique. Management decisions based on vegetation cover data should consider the observer errors involved as well as biological significance.     

The natural course of chronic hepatitis C

Abstract: In 1988, investigators from the Chiron Company (USA) detected the non-A, non-B agent and named it hepatitis C virus (HCV). An anti-HCV antibody assay (ELISA) and subsequently confirmation tests (immunoblot and polymerase chain reaction) were developed. HCV exposure results in a chronic infection in a majority of cases. This chronic infection is associated with slowly progressive chronic liver disease. Chronic HCV infection is, like HBV, also associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Most HCV carriers are infected by parenteral routes. Intravenous drug users have the highest risk of becoming infected. Intrafamiliar spread is seen in certain parts of the world but sexual and perinatal transmission does not play an important role in spreading the infection. Antiviral therapy (alpha-interferon) in patients with chronic hepatitis C will normalize liver function tests in about 25% of the cases.     

湛江5种红树林树种光合作用特性及光合固碳能力研究

应用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统,对湛江市特呈岛5种红树林树种的净光合速率日变化和光合作用—光响应曲线进行了测定,探讨了各树种的光合作用特性以及主要影响因子并评估其固碳能力大小。结果表明:在自然光照条件下,秋茄和红海榄叶片净光合速率(Pn)的日变化曲线呈单峰型,白骨壤、木榄和桐花树为双峰型,光合"午休"现象明显,而且峰值分别出现在10:00和14:00左右。其中,白骨壤和木榄的光合午休主要由气孔限制因素引起,桐花树主要由非气孔限制因素引起。通径分析表明,光合有效辐射(PAR)是影响白骨壤和桐花树叶片Pn的主要决策因子,而叶面大气蒸汽压亏缺(VPD)是主要限制因子;影响秋茄和红海榄叶片Pn的主要决策因子是气孔导度(Gs),主要限制因子是叶温(Tl);影响木榄叶片Pn的主要决策因子是气孔导度(Gs)。基于叶片净光合作用速率的各树种日净固碳量存在显著性差异(P0.01),秋茄的日净固碳量最大(13.83 g·m-2·d-1),其次为白骨壤和桐花树(9.48和8.24 g·m-2·d-1),木榄和红海榄的较小(6.72和6.30 g·m-2·d-1)。5种红树林树种的光补偿点(LCP)介于28.3~137.0μmol·m-2·s-1之间,显示了阳生植物的特性。光饱和点(LSP)介于169.3~1189.3μmol·m-2·s-1之间,桐花树最大,红海榄最小。5种红树林树种的表观量子效率(AQY)存在极显著差异(P0.01),白骨壤最高为0.064 mol·mol-1,木榄最低,仅为0.005 mol·mol-1。5种红树林植物叶片的光响应参数与日净固碳量的关联度大小顺序为最大净光合速率(Pmax)、LSP-LCP、AQY、LSP、LCP。     

应用多种教学方法,建设活跃的生物化学课程

生物化学授课过程中,教师通过丰富课堂资源、进行问题导向式教学、加强在线学习、建立多元化的课程考核方式及设定定时答疑制度等多种方法,激发学生学习兴趣,提升生物化学教学和学习效果,建设"笑起来""动起来"的活跃的课程。同学们普遍认为,生物化学课程内容充实有趣,教学形式多样,并且在课堂上学到了很多前沿知识。     

Post-operative course in a surgical model of acute myocardial infarction in the rabbit

This study was undertaken to evaluate the post-operative (post-OP) course of rabbits in a surgical model of myocardial infarction (MI). Ten New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to coronary artery ligation after lateral thoracotomy. Anesthesia was delivered using a xylazine-ketamine-isoflurane protocol after endotracheal intubation. Among other cardiorespiratory parameters, arterial pressure was monitored via central ear artery catheterization. Post-OP care included oxygen, antibiotic and analgesic treatment as well as nutritional and fluid support. A series of cardiorespiratory, hematological, blood biochemical and clinical parameters were assessed during the first 21 days. The mortality rate was 10%. Hypotension and hypothermia, noted during the operation, reverted within the first few post-MI hours. Electrocardiographic alterations, which included ST segment elevation and Q wave, appeared after MI and remained throughout the study period. Tachycardia was observed during the first 5 days. Hematological examination revealed mild and transient anemia during the post-OP period and leucocytosis up to the 5th day. Urea was increased up to the 12th post-MI hour while increased AST, ALT, LDH and CK levels normalized by the first 4-5 days. Although the post-OP anorexia period lasted around 5 days, the animals did not manage to regain their body weight by the end of the study period. In conclusion, the present model offers a low mortality rate and could be useful in mid- or long-term MI studies. The animals go through a critical post-OP period of around 5 days during which special care should be given. After that time, their clinical and blood laboratory parameters tend to normalize.     

医学研究生临床生化专题全英教学的改革与实践思考

为培养高质量国际化有才能的医学研究生,对于已经学习过生物化学的国际医学留学研究生,开展了以与临床密切相关的生物化学专题为主要教学内容的全英文授课的教学实践和课程建设,取得了很好的教学效果.临床生化专题全英教学课程也可能适用于国内生物化学和医学相关专业的研究生,在今后的教学实践中需要继续研究和探索,以提高国内医学相关研究生的专业综合素质.     

The causes of altered chlorophyll fluorescence quenching induction in the Arabidopsis mutant lacking all minor antenna complexes

Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence is the process by which excess light energy is harmlessly dissipated within the photosynthetic membrane. The fastest component of NPQ, known as energy-dependent quenching (qE), occurs within minutes, but the site and mechanism of qE remain of great debate. Here, the chlorophyll fluorescence of Arabidopsis thaliana wild type (WT) plants was compared to mutants lacking all minor antenna complexes (NoM). Upon illumination, NoM exhibits altered chlorophyll fluorescence quenching induction (i.e. from the dark-adapted state) characterised by three different stages: (i) a fast quenching component, (ii) transient fluorescence recovery and (iii) a second quenching component. The initial fast quenching component originates in light harvesting complex II (LHCII) trimers and is dependent upon PsbS and the formation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane (ΔpH). Transient fluorescence recovery is likely to occur in both WT and NoM plants, but it cannot be overcome in NoM due to impaired ΔpH formation and a reduced zeaxanthin synthesis rate. Moreover, an enhanced fluorescence emission peak at ~679?nm in NoM plants indicates detachment of LHCII trimers from the bulk antenna system, which could also contribute to the transient fluorescence recovery. Finally, the second quenching component is triggered by both ΔpH and PsbS and enhanced by zeaxanthin synthesis. This study indicates that minor antenna complexes are not essential for qE, but reveals their importance in electron stransport, ΔpH formation and zeaxanthin synthesis.     

黄河故道不同灌水方式刺槐人工林幼树水分利用效率和生长特性

干旱一直是限制黄河故道沙区树木生长的重要因素之一,而刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)以其较强的耐旱性、较高的成活率在造林时备受重视。适宜的灌水方式不但可以提高当地水资源的高效利用,而且可以促进刺槐迅速生长,改善当地环境生态。因此,在2011至2012年间,对黄河故道沙地进行刺槐人工林的建设与培育,开展滴灌(DI)、沟灌(FI)和软管喷灌(HSI)3种灌水方式对刺槐人工林幼树水分利用效率(WUE)和生长特性影响的研究。结果表明,在不同的水文年份,滴灌刺槐的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)高于软管喷灌,软管喷灌高于沟灌。水分利用效率受年份影响较大,但均表现为前期下降,8月份前后降到最低值,随后缓慢回升。不同灌水方式叶绿素含量(CC)差异显著,滴灌条件下刺槐叶绿素含量最高,其次为软管喷灌,沟灌最低。不同树龄,不同灌水方式刺槐株高、地径和胸径差异显著。一年生林,滴灌刺槐的株高、地径和胸径分别比软管喷灌高出23.4、0.27 cm和0.14 cm;二年生林,滴灌刺槐的株高、地径和胸径分别比软管喷灌高53.7 cm、0.61 cm和0.54 cm。滴灌刺槐的株高、地径和胸径的年度生长量分别为软管喷灌的112.1%、107.1%和111.8%,同时分别为沟灌的121.8%、191.8%和343.6%。不同灌水方式刺槐幼树水分利用效率受年际间气象因素影响较大,滴灌可以显著地改善刺槐幼树的光合生理特性,促进其快速生长。