PEG修饰牛血红蛋白的计算机模拟研究

对αβ二聚牛血红蛋白晶体结构的分析和氨基酸钱基溶剂可及表面积的计算表明,牛血红蛋白表面Ｌｙｓ上的氨基适合进行聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）修饰,对其修饰不会影响携氧能力,在此基础上设计了连接物连接ＰＥＧ和牛血红蛋白。分子模拟研究结果显示ＰＥＧ修饰牛血红蛋白产物是无免疫原性的。     

A novel xylene substitute for histotechnology and histochemistry

Abstract

Propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) exhibits excellent solvent and coupling properties. A toxicity database provided evidence suggesting that PGME might be a useful substitute for xylene in histotechnology and histochemistry applications. Tissue specimens were fixed, cleared in either PGME or xylene, embedded in paraffin wax, then dewaxed in either PGME or xylene. Sections were treated with the following stains: hematoxylin & eosin (H & E), three special stains of the Gordon/Sweet silver staining method, PAS, and Masson's trichrome, and immunostains including actin, CD3, CD34, CK, CK7/CK9, Ki-67, and ER/PR. The sections were mounted in a resinous medium consisting of PGME and pinene copolymer, then examined under a microscope. Variables such as water tolerance, dimension change, organic solvency, and anti-fading efficacy also were assessed. Depending on the application, PGME performance was equal to or exceeded that of xylene. PGME provided better optical clarity and nuclear detail, did not harden the tissue samples, conserved tissue antigenicity, and was amenable to resinous mounting. Tissues not dehydrated with absolute ethanol also were processed properly. Tissues treated with PGME did not warp or contract compared to those treated with xylene (p < 0.0001). PGME, however, exhibited less organic solvency than xylene. There was no discernible change in the colors of stains in sections processed with PGME even after storage for two years. These results suggest that PGME is a novel xylene substitute for applications in histotechnology and histochemistry.     

Advanced material modelling in numerical simulation of primary acetabular press-fit cup stability

Primary stability of artificial acetabular cups, used for total hip arthroplasty, is required for the subsequent osteointegration and good long-term clinical results of the implant. Although closed-cell polymer foams represent an adequate bone substitute in experimental studies investigating primary stability, correct numerical modelling of this material depends on the parameter selection.

Material parameters necessary for crushable foam plasticity behaviour were originated from numerical simulations matched with experimental tests of the polymethacrylimide raw material. Experimental primary stability tests of acetabular press-fit cups consisting of static shell assembly with consecutively pull-out and lever-out testing were subsequently simulated using finite element analysis.

Identified and optimised parameters allowed the accurate numerical reproduction of the raw material tests. Correlation between experimental tests and the numerical simulation of primary implant stability depended on the value of interference fit. However, the validated material model provides the opportunity for subsequent parametric numerical studies.     

芫荽茎叶精油的消除DPPH自由基作用

用GC-MS对超声波法提取的芫荽茎叶精油成分进行了分析,检测出154个成分,解析出70种物质,占精油93．643％,含量最多的是酯类化合物47．569％,其次为饱和与非饱和烃类化合物19．897％,醛类化合物和醇类化合物含量分别为13．406％,12．595％。探讨了精油对DPPH的清除作用,结果显示,用超声波萃取法获得的精油对DPPH自由基（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl）具有一定的消除作用,最高消除率62．9％,水蒸汽蒸馏法获得的芫荽茎叶精油的DPPH自由基清除率最大为84．2％。     

Kinetics of in vivo bone deposition by bone marrow stromal cells within a resorbable porous calcium phosphate scaffold: an X-ray computed microtomography study

Resorbable ceramic scaffolds based on Silicon stabilized tricalcium phosphate (Si-TCP) were seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and ectopically implanted for 2, 4, and 6 months in immunodeficient mice. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the scaffold material was performed by X-ray synchrotron radiation computed microtomography (microCT) with a spatial resolution lower than 5 microm. Unique to these experiments was that microCT data were first collected on the scaffolds before implantation and then on the same scaffolds after they were seeded with BMSC, implanted in the mice and rescued after different times. Volume fraction, mean thickness and thickness distribution were evaluated for both new bone and scaffold phases as a function of the implantation time. New bone thickness increased from week 8 to week 16. Data for the implanted scaffolds were compared with those derived from the analysis of the same scaffolds prior to implantation and with data derived from 100% hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold treated and analyzed in the same way. At variance with findings with the 100% HA scaffolds a significant variation in the density of the different Si-TCP scaffold regions in the pre- and post-implantation samples was observed. In particular a post-implantation decrease in the density of the scaffolds, together with major changes in the scaffold phase composition, was noticeable in areas adjacent to newly formed bone. Histology confirmed a better integration between new bone and scaffold in the Si-TCP composites in comparison to 100% HA composites where new bone and scaffold phases remained well distinct.     

Ability of bone graft substitutes to support the osteoprogenitor cells: An in-vitro study

AIM: To compare seven commercially available bone graft substitutes(BGS) in terms of these properties and without using any additional biological growth factors.METHODS: Porcine osteoprogenitor cells were loaded on seven commercially available BGS and allowed to proliferate for one week followed by osteogenic induction. Staining for live/dead cells as well as scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was carried out to determine viability and cellular binding. Further outcome measures included alkaline phosphatase(ALP) assays with normalisation for DNA content to quantify osteogenic potential. Negative and positive control experiments were carried out in parallel to validate the results.RESULTS: Live/dead and SEM imaging showed higher viability and attachment with β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP) than with other BGS(P 0.05). The average ALP activity in nmol/mL(normalised value for DNA content in nmol/μg DNA) per sample was 657.58(132.03) for β-TCP, 36.22(unable to normalise) for calcium sulphate, 19.93(11.39) for the Hydroxyapatite/Tricalcium Phosphate composite, 14.79(18.53) for polygraft, 13.98(8.15) for the highly porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate, 5.56(10.0) for polymers, and 3.82(3.8) for Hydroxyapatite.CONCLUSION: Under the above experimental conditions, β-TCP was able to maintain better the viability of osteoprogenitor cells and allow proliferation and differentiation(P 0.05).     

Chickpea protein hydrolysate as a substitute for serum in cell culture

The growth of mammalian cells in vitro requires the use of rich culture media that are prepared by combining serum with specific nutrient formulations. Serum, the most expensive component of culture media, provides a complex mixture of growth factors and nutrients. Protein hydrolysates that can support in vitro cell growth and eliminate or reduce the need to use serum have been obtained from different sources. Here we describe the use of two food grade proteases to produce a chickpea protein hydrolysate that has been added to cell culture medium in order to determine whether it can be used as a substitute for serum. Medium containing the hydrolysate has been tested using two human cells lines: the monocytic THP-1 cell line which grows in suspension, and the epithelial Caco-2 cell line which grows as a monolayer. The chickpea protein hydrolysate was a good substitute for serum in the first case, but did not allow growth of Caco-2 cells. Supplementation of culture media with this inexpensive and safe hydrolysate would greatly reduce the cost of cell culture.     

独龙族传统代粮植物食用观音座莲的研究

食用观音座莲(Angiopteris esculenta)是独龙族(中国云南人口最少的少数民族)重要的野生代粮植物,其地下部分可用于加工蕨粉以制作食物。为深入调查和记录独龙族利用食用观音座莲的传统知识,该文采用民族植物学的方法对食用观音座莲相关的传统知识进行调查和记录,并运用食品科学的方法对蕨粉的基本成分、形态、理化性质及糊化特性进行了深入探究。结果表明：(1)食用观音座莲在独龙族的传统生计中有多种用途,定量分析表明其食用用途的相对引用频率(RFC)远大于其他用途,说明食用是独龙族利用该植物最主要的方式。(2)独龙族使用传统方法采集食用观音座莲膨大叶柄基部和根茎加工并食用蕨粉主要原因是蕨粉中富含淀粉,其总淀粉含量为86.2%,并含有多种人体必需的矿物元素。(3)蕨粉具有较好理化性质,其中冻融稳定性和凝沉稳定性较强,可用于冷冻食品和淀粉产品的生产、加工;回生值和衰减值远低于常见淀粉,说明其具有良好的热糊稳定性和冷糊稳定性且不易回生。综上表明,食用观音座莲蕨粉具有较大的开发利用潜能,通过人工栽培提高产量,有利于提高当地居民收入和促进偏远地区乡村振兴。该研究为食用观音座莲后续的加工利用提供了...     

Improvement of oxygen-carrying properties of human hemoglobin by chemical modification with a benzene hexacarboxylate-monosubstituted polyoxyethylene

Benzene hexacarboxylate-monosubstituted polyoxyethylene on contact with Hb decreases its oxygen affinity, probably because it specifically interacts with the amino groups of the phosphate-binding site. This site specificity was used to direct the covalent coupling of this polymeric reagent with hemoglobin, in the vicinity of this cleft in order to obtain conjugates with low oxygen affinity and well-defined molecular weight. Such conjugates could thus be regarded as potential candidates for blood substitutes. Covalent fixation of this polymeric site-labeling reagent onto hemoglobin was carried out with the oxy and the deoxy form in the presence of a water soluble carbodiimide. It turns out that the oxygen-binding properties of the resulting hemoglobin derivatives depend on the reaction conditions, yet in all cases the oxygen affinity of the modified protein was lower than that of native hemoglobin and was no longer affected by organic phosphates. These results indicate that phosphate-binding site amines are probably involved in the covalent coupling, although in some conjugates (especially those prepared with high ratios of reagents) other amino groups participate also in the linking to the polymer. Chromatographic analysis and trypic peptide mapping of some conjugates evidenced that the -terminal valine residue was in fact the preferential binding site of hexacarboxylate-monosubstituted polyoxyethylene.     

Changes in a hydropsychid guild downstream from a eutrophic impoundment

The production of unicellular algae is laborious and is a major constraint for the culturing of aquatic filter-feeders. Because of their small particle size and their high protein content yeasts are considered as a promising substitute for micro-algae. Furthermore, recent work has shown that baker's yeast can be converted into a digestible diet for Artemia by chemical treatment. The present study documents the use at laboratory scale of this manipulated yeast as an algal substitute for the culture of two anostracan species. The experiments were conducted with the brine shrimp artemia franciscana and the fairy shrimp Streptocephalus proboscideus. A similar experimental set-up was used for both species. The algal diet, consisting of Dunaliella tertiolecta for A. franciscana and Selenastrum capricornutum for S. proboscideus, was substituted at various levels by two types of treated baker's yeast: a fresh form and a dried product which was rich in highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). The chemically-treated yeast offers promising possibilities as an algal substitute for Artemia; i.e. replacing 75% of the algae by the dried yeast resulted in similar survival and even higher growth rates in comparison with the reference algal diet; for the treated fresh yeast similar results could be achieved by up to 95% substitution. For S. proboscideus, a substitution of 75% by either of the yeast products resulted in good survival, though growth did not exceed 80% of the observed growth in the algal control. A diet consisting solely of yeast resulted in poor survival for larvae of both species. Experiments were run to investigate whether this was due to a sub-optimal feeding regime, nutritional deficiencies, or deterioration of the water quality.