Optimization of a whole‐cell cadmium sensor with a toggle gene circuit

This work demonstrates improvement of a whole‐cell cadmium detection sensor through construction of a gene circuit. A cadmium (II) specific regulatory promoter, P_cadR, from Psuedomonas putida 06909, is used in the assembly of a toggle circuit. The circuit contains the cadR promoter fused to lacIq and gfp, and a divergently transcribed tac promoter and cadR. The toggle sensor exhibits lower background fluorescence, and a 20‐fold lower detection limit in comparison to a nontoggle gene circuit. The detection limit of the toggle sensor is 0.01 μM (1.12 ppb) cadmium chloride, and tunable with the addition of isopropyl‐b‐D ‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The toggle sensor is highly specific to cadmium (II), and no response is elicited from zinc, lead, manganese, nickel, copper, and mercury. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009     

Spatially resolved epigenomic profiling of single cells in complex tissues

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IKK-β/NF-κB p65 mediates p27 protein degradation in arsenite response

p27^Kip1 is a potent inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinases that drive G1 to S phase transition. Since deregulation of p27^Kip1 is found in many malignancies and is associated with the poor prognosis, elucidation of the molecular bases for regulation of p27^Kip1 expression is of great significance, not only in providing insight into the understanding of biological p27^Kip1, but also in the development of new cancer therapeutic tactics. We here explored the inhibitory regulation of IKKβ on p27^Kip1 expression following arsenite exposure. We found that although the basal level of p27^Kip1 expression in the IKKβ^−/− cells is much lower than that in the IKKβ^+/+ cells, the deletion of IKKβ in the MEFs led to a marked increase in p27^Kip1 protein induction due to arsenite exposure in comparison to that in the IKKβ^+/+ cells. The IKKβ regulatory effect on p27^Kip1 expression was also verified in the IKKβ^−/− and IKKβ^−/− cells with IKKβ reconstitutional expression, IKKβ^−/− (IKKβ). Further studies indicated that IKKβ-mediated p27^Kip1 downregulation occurred at protein degradation level via p65-dependent and p50-independent manner. Moreover, the results obtained from the comparison of arsenite-induced GSK3β activation among transfectants of WT, IKKβ^−/− and IKKβ^−/− (IKKβ), and the utilization of GSKβ shRNA, demonstrated that IKKβ regulation of p27 protein degradation was mediated by GSK3β following arsenite exposure.