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101.
以259个小麦微核心种质为材料进行剂量为0、100、150、250 Gy的60Coγ射线辐照处理,探讨小麦微核心种质的γ射线辐射敏感性分布,以及DNA损伤修复基因TaKu70和TaKu80对辐照的应答模式。结果表明,小麦微核心种质的苗高损伤率与γ射线辐照剂量间存在着3种函数关系:对数、线性、幂函数。以苗高损伤率为50%时的辐照剂量HD50作为主要的辐射敏感性分型指标,分别统计不同函数关系的微核心种质落入不同剂量区间的基因型个数,并依此将259份微核心种质分为敏感型(10)、较敏感型(96)、较钝感型(101)、钝感型(52)。对数函数关系中以敏感型和较敏感型为主,随着γ射线辐照剂量的增加TaKu70和TaKu80基因的相对表达量与对照相比总体升高,但变化不明显;线性函数关系中以较敏感型和较钝感型为主,TaKu70和TaKu80基因的相对表达量与对照相比总体升高,随剂量的增加而逐渐递增;幂函数关系中以较钝感型和钝感型为主,TaKu70和TaKu80基因的相对表达量与对照相比总体升高,但随剂量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,一般相对表达量的峰值出现在150 Gy。 相似文献
102.
核心微生物组的研究及利用现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着分子生物学和生物信息学的飞速发展,新一代测序技术可以轻松地检测不同样本中复杂的微生物分类单元。面对这些复杂而大量的微生物组数据带来的分析挑战,利用核心微生物组的方法来描述和分析样本中的核心微生物组和关键种是近年来新的研究热点,这些结果将揭示与宿主健康、生长和生产等密切相关的微生物种类,有助于深入认识微生物与宿主间的相互关系,深刻理解微生物对宿主的影响作用,更好地理解微生物组在自然生态系统中的功能。本文阐述了核心微生物组的定义、研究方法、与动植物的关系等方面的研究及利用现状,为更好地利用核心微生物组解决环境、人类健康和农业生产问题提供思路。 相似文献
103.
Divya Thomas Satish Sagar Thomas Caffrey Paul M. Grandgenett Prakash Radhakrishnan 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2019,23(10):6885-6896
Aberrant expression of Sialyl‐Tn (STn) antigen correlates with poor prognosis and reduced patient survival. We demonstrated that expression of Tn and STn in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is due to hypermethylation of Co re 1 s ynthase specific m olecular c haperone (COSMC) and enhanced the malignant properties of PDAC cells with an unknown mechanism. To explore the mechanism, we have genetically deleted COSMC in PDAC cells to express truncated O‐glycans (SimpleCells, SC) which enhanced cell migration and invasion. Since epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) play a vital role in metastasis, we have analysed the induction of EMT in SC cells. Expressions of the mesenchymal markers were significantly high in SC cells as compared to WT cells. Equally, we found reduced expressions of the epithelial markers in SC cells. Re‐expression of COSMC in SC cells reversed the induction of EMT. In addition to this, we also observed an increased cancer stem cell population in SC cells. Furthermore, orthotopic implantation of T3M4 SC cells into athymic nude mice resulted in significantly larger tumours and reduced animal survival. Altogether, these results suggest that aberrant expression of truncated O‐glycans in PDAC cells enhances the tumour aggressiveness through the induction of EMT and stemness properties. 相似文献
104.
Cornelius J. Gunter Guy L. Regnard Edward P. Rybicki Inga I. Hitzeroth 《Plant biotechnology journal》2019,17(9):1751-1759
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV‐2) is the main causative agent associated with a group of diseases collectively known as porcine circovirus‐associated disease (PCAD). There is a significant economic strain on the global swine industry due to PCAD and the production of commercial PCV‐2 vaccines is expensive. Plant expression systems are increasingly regarded as a viable technology to produce recombinant proteins for use as pharmaceutical agents and vaccines. However, successful production and purification of PCV‐2 capsid protein (CP) from plants is an essential first step towards the goal of a plant‐produced PCV‐2 vaccine candidate. In this study, the PCV‐2 CP was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants via agroinfiltration and PCV‐2 CP was successfully purified using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. The CP self‐assembled into virus‐like particles (VLPs) resembling native virions and up to 6.5 mg of VLPs could be purified from 1 kg of leaf wet weight. Mice immunized with the plant‐produced PCV‐2 VLPs elicited specific antibody responses to PCV‐2 CP. This is the first report describing the expression of PCV‐2 CP in plants, the confirmation of its assembly into VLPs and the demonstration of their use to elicit a strong immune response in a mammalian model. 相似文献
105.
Zhiwu Dan Yunping Chen Yanghong Xu Junran Huang Jishuai Huang Jun Hu Guoxin Yao Yingguo Zhu Wenchao Huang 《Plant biotechnology journal》2019,17(5):906-913
Marker‐based prediction holds great promise for improving current plant and animal breeding efficiencies. However, the predictabilities of complex traits are always severely affected by negative factors, including distant relatedness, environmental discrepancies, unknown population structures, and indeterminate numbers of predictive variables. In this study, we utilised two independent F1 hybrid populations in the years 2012 and 2015 to predict rice thousand grain weight (TGW) using parental untargeted metabolite profiles with a partial least squares regression method. A stable predictive model for TGW was built based on hybrids from the population in 2012 (r = 0.75) but failed to properly predict TGW for hybrids from the population in 2015 (r = 0.27). After integrating hybrids from both populations into the training set, the TGW of hybrids could be predicted but was largely dependent on population structures. Then, core hybrids from each population were determined by principal component analysis and the TGW of hybrids in both environments were successfully predicted (r > 0.60). Moreover, adjusting the population structures and numbers of predictive analytes increased TGW predictability for hybrids in 2015 (r = 0.72). Our study demonstrates that the TGW of F1 hybrids across environments can be accurately predicted based on parental untargeted metabolite profiles with a core hybridisation strategy in rice. Metabolic biomarkers identified from early developmental stage tissues, which are grown under experimental conditions, may represent a workable approach towards the robust prediction of major agronomic traits for climate‐adaptive varieties. 相似文献
106.
Hanyu Huo Yue Chen Jing Luo Xiaofei Yang Xiangxin Guo Xueliang Sun 《Liver Transplantation》2019,9(17)
Solid polymer electrolytes as one of the promising solid‐state electrolytes have received extensive attention due to their excellent flexibility. However, the issues of lithium (Li) dendrite growth still hinder their practical applications in solid‐state batteries (SSBs). Herein, composite electrolytes from “ceramic‐in‐polymer” (CIP) to “polymer‐in‐ceramic” (PIC) with different sizes of garnet particles are investigated for their effectiveness in dendrite suppression. While the CIP electrolyte with 20 vol% 200 nm Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) particles (CIP‐200 nm) exhibits the highest ionic conductivity of 1.6 × 10?4 S cm?1 at 30 °C and excellent flexibility, the PIC electrolyte with 80 vol% 5 µm LLZTO (PIC‐5 µm) shows the highest tensile strength of 12.7 MPa. A sandwich‐type composite electrolyte (SCE) with hierarchical garnet particles (a PIC‐5 µm interlayer sandwiched between two CIP‐200 nm thin layers) is constructed to simultaneously achieve dendrite suppression and excellent interfacial contact with Li metal. The SCE enables highly stable Li plating/stripping cycling for over 400 h at 0.2 mA cm?2 at 30 °C. The LiFePO4/SCE/Li cells also demonstrate excellent cycle performance at room temperature. Fabricating sandwich‐type composite electrolytes with hierarchical filler designs can be an effective strategy to achieve dendrite‐free SSBs with high performance and high safety at room temperature. 相似文献
107.
The 26S proteasome is a multi‐catalytic ATP‐dependent protease complex that recognizes and cleaves damaged or misfolded proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. The 26S subunit consists of 20S core and 19S regulatory particles. 20S core particle consists of a stack of heptameric alpha and beta subunits. To elucidate the structure‐function relationship, we have dissected protein‐protein interfaces of 20S core particle and analyzed structural and physiochemical properties of intra‐alpha, intra‐beta, inter‐beta, and alpha‐beta interfaces. Furthermore, we have studied the evolutionary conservation of 20S core particle. We find the size of intra‐alpha interfaces is significantly larger and is more hydrophobic compared with other interfaces. Inter‐beta interfaces are well packed, more polar, and have higher salt‐bridge density than other interfaces. In proteasome assembly, residues in beta subunits are better conserved than alpha subunits, while multi‐interface residues are the most conserved. Among all the residues at the interfaces of both alpha and beta subunits, Gly is highly conserved. The largest size of intra‐alpha interfaces complies with the hypothesis that large interfaces form first during the 20S assembly. The tight packing of inter‐beta interfaces makes the core particle impenetrable from outer wall of the cylinder. Comparing the three domains, eukaryotes have large and well‐packed interfaces followed by archaea and bacteria. Our findings provide a structural basis of assembly of 20S core particle in all the three domains of life. 相似文献
108.
Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments were carried out to investigate the structural changes of cardiac thin filaments induced by the cardiomyopathy-causing E244D mutation in troponin T (TnT). We examined native thin filaments (NTF) from a bovine heart, reconstituted thin filaments containing human cardiac wild-type Tn (WTF), and filaments containing the E244D mutant of Tn (DTF), in the absence and presence of Ca2+. Analysis by model calculation showed that upon Ca2+-activation, tropomyosin (Tm) and Tn in the WTF and NTF moved together in a direction to expose myosin-binding sites on actin. On the other hand, Tm and Tn of the DTF moved in the opposite directions to each other upon Ca2+-activation. These movements caused Tm to expose more myosin-binding sites on actin than the WTF, suggesting that the affinity of myosin for actin is higher for the DTF. Thus, the mutation-induced structural changes in thin filaments would increase the number of myosin molecules bound to actin compared with the WTF, resulting in the force enhancement observed for the E244D mutation. 相似文献
109.
110.
目的:研究原花青素对磷酸三钙(TCP)磨损颗粒诱导小鼠颅骨溶解的保护作用,并探讨其机制。方法:48只雄性ICR小鼠,随机分为假手术(Sham)组、TCP磨损颗粒(TCP)组、原花青素(0.2mg/kg,1mg/kg,5mg/kg)组,每组12只。将TCP磨损颗粒30mg包埋于小鼠颅骨顶部构建假体周围模型,于术后第2日颅顶局部注射原花青素,隔日1次。2周后处死小鼠采血、取颅骨。抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色和HE染色观察假体周围骨溶解和破骨细胞生成情况;实时荧光定量PCR检测假体周围骨组织中破骨细胞调控基因TRAP、capthesinK、c-Fos和NFATc1的mRNA水平;化学比色法检测血清中丙二醛(MDA)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;Westernblot法检测小鼠假体周围骨组织中自噬标志蛋白Beclin-1和微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC-3)表达变化。结果:与Sham组比较,TCP组假体周围骨溶解面积、破骨细胞生成及其调控基因mRNA水平显著增加(P<0.05),血清MDA含量均明显升高、T-AOC水平和SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05),假体周围骨组织中Beclin-1和LC-3均表达显著上调、LC-3I向LC-3II转换明显增加(P<0.05)。与TCP组比较,原花青素组假体周围骨溶解面积、破骨细胞生成及其上述调控基因、血清MDA含量明显减少(P<0.05),血清T-AOC含量和SOD活性显著增加(P<0.05)且Beclin-1和LC-3等蛋白表达及LC-3I向LC-3II转换也明显下调。结论:原花青素对TCP磨损颗粒所致的假体周围骨溶解具有明显保护作用,其机制可能与减轻氧化应激反应和自噬的活化密切相关。 相似文献