60份豇豆品种资源的耐盐能力评判

运用《豇豆基因型耐盐能力技术鉴定方法》(专利号ZL200810048423.5),对60份豇豆品种的耐盐能力进行了鉴定评判。试验材料经苗期培养和盐胁迫处理后,分别测定处理组和对照组的植株叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量、细胞伤害率以及单株鲜重等指标并计算其SRI值,运用专利技术的预测模型,得出各品种耐盐综合评价值(D值)。依据评判标准,紫魁、玉农农家宝特优、抗病芦花等11个品种的综合评价值D≥0.68,归为盐耐受型品种;之豇14、白皮、矮紫尾青等8个品种的综合评价值D≤0.48,归为盐敏感型品种;其余41个品种的D值介于0.48~0.68之间,属于中度耐盐品种。本研究结果扩大了豇豆种质耐盐能力鉴定评判份数,丰富了耐盐种质鉴定信息。     

利用表型数据构建陆地棉核心种质

以5963份陆地棉种质资源为材料,根据品种主要突变性状和品种类型分组成11组群,在分组的基础上利用21个表型性状,用非加权类平均聚类分析法,构建了281份陆地棉核心种质,占全部种质资源总量的4.71%。利用不同性状的均值t测验、方差F测验、变异系数、多样性指数t检验、均值、极差、表型方差、变异系数、均值差异百分率、方差差异百分率、极差符合率、变异系数变化率、主成分分析等参数进行核心种质代表性检验和评价。结果表明,所构建的陆地棉核心种质可以代表全部种质的遗传多样性。     

平榛种质资源坚果农艺性状鉴定与评价研究

平榛是我国重要的榛属植物资源,为鉴定、评价和保护平榛种质资源,提高其利用效率,采用主成分分析和聚类分析方法对99份平榛种质资源坚果的主要农艺性状进行了鉴定和综合评价。结果表明:平榛种质资源坚果的24个性状具有丰富的遗传多样性;10个数量性状的主成分分析确定了4类影响因子,反映了育种选择方向及潜力;基于各种质间形态性状的遗传差异,将99份平榛种质划分为5大类群,第Ⅰ类群可作为选育果面光滑品种的育种和候选亲本材料,第Ⅱ类群可作为选育大粒型、适宜机械化加工的育种和候选亲本材料,第Ⅲ类群具有作为市场产品的潜力,第Ⅳ类群可作为选育圆形、果面无条纹的育种和候选亲本材料,第Ⅴ类群可作为选育高丰产性品种的育种和候选亲本材料。上述研究为平榛种质资源的评价、保护和选优工作提供了基础数据。     

小麦微核心种质γ射线辐射敏感性分析

以259个小麦微核心种质为材料进行剂量为0、100、150、250 Gy的60Coγ射线辐照处理,探讨小麦微核心种质的γ射线辐射敏感性分布,以及DNA损伤修复基因TaKu70和TaKu80对辐照的应答模式。结果表明,小麦微核心种质的苗高损伤率与γ射线辐照剂量间存在着3种函数关系:对数、线性、幂函数。以苗高损伤率为50%时的辐照剂量HD50作为主要的辐射敏感性分型指标,分别统计不同函数关系的微核心种质落入不同剂量区间的基因型个数,并依此将259份微核心种质分为敏感型(10)、较敏感型(96)、较钝感型(101)、钝感型(52)。对数函数关系中以敏感型和较敏感型为主,随着γ射线辐照剂量的增加TaKu70和TaKu80基因的相对表达量与对照相比总体升高,但变化不明显;线性函数关系中以较敏感型和较钝感型为主,TaKu70和TaKu80基因的相对表达量与对照相比总体升高,随剂量的增加而逐渐递增;幂函数关系中以较钝感型和钝感型为主,TaKu70和TaKu80基因的相对表达量与对照相比总体升高,但随剂量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,一般相对表达量的峰值出现在150 Gy。     

利用SRAP标记分析贵州砂梨资源遗传多样性

采用SRAP标记技术,对贵州59份砂梨种质的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明:(1)筛选的15对SRAP引物共扩增出151个位点,其中120个是多态性位点,多态百分率为79.47%。(2)POPGENE分析表明,贵州砂梨资源在物种水平上有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.355 9,Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.216 9,Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.336 2;在区域品种群水平Ne=1.261 1,H=0.155 5,I=0.235 2,以黔西南地区资源的遗传多样性最高,六盘水市最低。(3)聚类分析显示,在遗传相似系数0.75处,可将59份砂梨资源分为6个组,聚类分析结果具有一定的地理区域特性。研究认为,贵州砂梨种质具有较为丰富的遗传多样性,并表现出明显的地理区域特性;SRAP标记与ISSR标记在揭示贵州砂梨种质遗传多样性上具有高度的一致性,但SRAP标记能在更小的变异范围内揭示更多的遗传信息。     

藏区金腰种质资源调查与分析

金腰属植物因富含黄酮醇类化合物而具有显著的药效,通过对我国西藏、云南、四川、青海以及甘肃5个省(自治区)进行金腰属植物种质资源的科学考察,共收集到19种(含2变种)145份野生种质资源。此外四川省发现金腰新分布2种,分别为秦岭金腰(Chrysosplenium biondianum Engl.)、陕甘金腰(Chrysosplenium qinlingense Z.P.Jien&J.T.Pan),均为中国特有种;甘肃省发现金腰新分布3种,分别为毛金腰(Chrysosplenium pilosum Maxim.)、绵毛金腰(Chrysosplenium lanuginosum Hook.f.&Thomson)和蜕叶金腰(Chrysosplenium henryi Franch.),凭证标本存于中南民族大学植物标本馆(HSN)。金腰属植物作为传统藏药长期以来被用于治疗各种疾病,如长梗金腰(Chrysosplenium axillare Maxim.)的75%乙醇提取物具抗炎症、抗流感病毒活性,从灰花金腰(Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim.)与裸茎金腰(Chrysosplenium nudicaule Bunge)提取的五环三萜对肿瘤细胞有较强抑制效果。本调查丰富了野生藏药金腰属植物种质资源,为深入研究金腰属植物的分类与药理活性提供了基础。     

核心微生物组的研究及利用现状

随着分子生物学和生物信息学的飞速发展,新一代测序技术可以轻松地检测不同样本中复杂的微生物分类单元。面对这些复杂而大量的微生物组数据带来的分析挑战,利用核心微生物组的方法来描述和分析样本中的核心微生物组和关键种是近年来新的研究热点,这些结果将揭示与宿主健康、生长和生产等密切相关的微生物种类,有助于深入认识微生物与宿主间的相互关系,深刻理解微生物对宿主的影响作用,更好地理解微生物组在自然生态系统中的功能。本文阐述了核心微生物组的定义、研究方法、与动植物的关系等方面的研究及利用现状,为更好地利用核心微生物组解决环境、人类健康和农业生产问题提供思路。     

Truncated O‐glycans promote epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and stemness properties of pancreatic cancer cells

Aberrant expression of Sialyl‐Tn (STn) antigen correlates with poor prognosis and reduced patient survival. We demonstrated that expression of Tn and STn in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is due to hypermethylation of Co re 1 s ynthase specific m olecular c haperone (COSMC) and enhanced the malignant properties of PDAC cells with an unknown mechanism. To explore the mechanism, we have genetically deleted COSMC in PDAC cells to express truncated O‐glycans (SimpleCells, SC) which enhanced cell migration and invasion. Since epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) play a vital role in metastasis, we have analysed the induction of EMT in SC cells. Expressions of the mesenchymal markers were significantly high in SC cells as compared to WT cells. Equally, we found reduced expressions of the epithelial markers in SC cells. Re‐expression of COSMC in SC cells reversed the induction of EMT. In addition to this, we also observed an increased cancer stem cell population in SC cells. Furthermore, orthotopic implantation of T3M4 SC cells into athymic nude mice resulted in significantly larger tumours and reduced animal survival. Altogether, these results suggest that aberrant expression of truncated O‐glycans in PDAC cells enhances the tumour aggressiveness through the induction of EMT and stemness properties.     

A metabolome‐based core hybridisation strategy for the prediction of rice grain weight across environments

Marker‐based prediction holds great promise for improving current plant and animal breeding efficiencies. However, the predictabilities of complex traits are always severely affected by negative factors, including distant relatedness, environmental discrepancies, unknown population structures, and indeterminate numbers of predictive variables. In this study, we utilised two independent F₁ hybrid populations in the years 2012 and 2015 to predict rice thousand grain weight (TGW) using parental untargeted metabolite profiles with a partial least squares regression method. A stable predictive model for TGW was built based on hybrids from the population in 2012 (r = 0.75) but failed to properly predict TGW for hybrids from the population in 2015 (r = 0.27). After integrating hybrids from both populations into the training set, the TGW of hybrids could be predicted but was largely dependent on population structures. Then, core hybrids from each population were determined by principal component analysis and the TGW of hybrids in both environments were successfully predicted (r > 0.60). Moreover, adjusting the population structures and numbers of predictive analytes increased TGW predictability for hybrids in 2015 (r = 0.72). Our study demonstrates that the TGW of F₁ hybrids across environments can be accurately predicted based on parental untargeted metabolite profiles with a core hybridisation strategy in rice. Metabolic biomarkers identified from early developmental stage tissues, which are grown under experimental conditions, may represent a workable approach towards the robust prediction of major agronomic traits for climate‐adaptive varieties.     

Dissecting protein‐protein interactions in proteasome assembly: Implication to its self‐assembly

The 26S proteasome is a multi‐catalytic ATP‐dependent protease complex that recognizes and cleaves damaged or misfolded proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. The 26S subunit consists of 20S core and 19S regulatory particles. 20S core particle consists of a stack of heptameric alpha and beta subunits. To elucidate the structure‐function relationship, we have dissected protein‐protein interfaces of 20S core particle and analyzed structural and physiochemical properties of intra‐alpha, intra‐beta, inter‐beta, and alpha‐beta interfaces. Furthermore, we have studied the evolutionary conservation of 20S core particle. We find the size of intra‐alpha interfaces is significantly larger and is more hydrophobic compared with other interfaces. Inter‐beta interfaces are well packed, more polar, and have higher salt‐bridge density than other interfaces. In proteasome assembly, residues in beta subunits are better conserved than alpha subunits, while multi‐interface residues are the most conserved. Among all the residues at the interfaces of both alpha and beta subunits, Gly is highly conserved. The largest size of intra‐alpha interfaces complies with the hypothesis that large interfaces form first during the 20S assembly. The tight packing of inter‐beta interfaces makes the core particle impenetrable from outer wall of the cylinder. Comparing the three domains, eukaryotes have large and well‐packed interfaces followed by archaea and bacteria. Our findings provide a structural basis of assembly of 20S core particle in all the three domains of life.