建筑及其设计在乡建中的作用和态度

近年来,乡建已经成为一种社会运动,各个领域都将乡村视为重要的研究和实践对象。建筑也不例外,甚至从实践层面上讲还走在很多领域的前面,建筑实践已经成为乡建中的重要力量之一。在取得大量成果的基础上,乡村建筑及其设计也暴露出若干问题和误区,笔者在多年研究和实践的基础上,阐述了自己对乡建中建筑及其设计的作用和观点,并于文末提出了创建“乡村建筑学”的可能性。     

口述史方法在风景园林教学中的应用探讨

风景园林专业的教学中,园林历史文化的传承与研习是一个漫长的过程。而高校教育中,除了历史知识、文化内涵的传授、讲解外,如何发挥高等教育及当代“人”在历史与文化中的主动性亦是一个重要课题。“口述史”方法有别于传统历史建构及研究方式,为学习者提供了解、认知、参与风景园林历史脉络的梳理及文化传承中的新可能。因此,以华南农业大学风景园林专业教学中的2项实践“口述工艺”及“广州市城市公园建设与发展研究”为例,探讨口述史在专业教学操作过程中的课程设计方法、应用范围以及与传统历史研习思路的差异。认为“口述史”的教学应用更多地以学生主导、以实践操作为主,推进学生多视角的历史认知、参与风景园林历史脉络的梳理、培养独立思考能力,推动风景园林历史教学改革与职业教育。     

沙冬青AmNAC6基因的克隆与功能初步分析

以强抗逆植物沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus(Maxim. ex Kom.) Cheng f.)为材料,克隆获得一个NAC转录因子基因Am NAC6的全长cDNA,并对其序列特征、蛋白质亚细胞定位和表达模式进行了分析。研究结果表明,Am NAC6基因的编码蛋白由304个氨基酸组成,具有NAC家族典型的结构特征,亚细胞定位实验证实该蛋白分布于细胞核内。表达图谱分析结果显示,在室内培养的沙冬青幼苗中,Am NAC6的转录水平受干旱、高盐、低温和高温胁迫的影响,其中在干旱诱导下该基因的转录水平上调较为明显;野外生长植株的嫩叶中,该基因的转录水平在中秋和初冬略低于其他季节,春季则低于其在侧根、嫩枝、花蕾和未成熟果荚中的转录水平。此外,本研究还将Am NAC6基因成功地构建到植物表达载体。     

论能源管理体系建设与医院后勤精细化管理的相关性

结合医院开展能源管理体系建设的工作要求,通过对能源管理体系建设和精细化管理各自特点以及两者之间相关性分析,找出共同点与相互依存的关系。继而以能源管理体系建设为抓手,分阶段实现医院后勤精细化管理的战略目标。

     

品管圈在提升研究型医院品质中的运用与实践探索

为探索医院转型发展的策略和路径,第三军医大学新桥医院积极开展医院品质建设,通过“建组织、树理念、引方法、培团队、推活动、管过程、享成果”七步流程,建立了研究型医院品质管理新模式。并以“品管圈”为牵引,使员工不仅要增强发现问题的意识,学会运用科学的管理工具解决问题,更要具备研究型的理念思路去创新管理的方法和手段,以实现“以患者为中心,以员工为导向,持续质量改进”的全面质量管理目标。     

Global environmental change effects on ecosystems: the importance of land‐use legacies

One of the major challenges in ecology is to predict how multiple global environmental changes will affect future ecosystem patterns (e.g. plant community composition) and processes (e.g. nutrient cycling). Here, we highlight arguments for the necessary inclusion of land‐use legacies in this endeavour. Alterations in resources and conditions engendered by previous land use, together with influences on plant community processes such as dispersal, selection, drift and speciation, have steered communities and ecosystem functions onto trajectories of change. These trajectories may be modulated by contemporary environmental changes such as climate warming and nitrogen deposition. We performed a literature review which suggests that these potential interactions have rarely been investigated. This crucial oversight is potentially due to an assumption that knowledge of the contemporary state allows accurate projection into the future. Lessons from other complex dynamic systems, and the recent recognition of the importance of previous conditions in explaining contemporary and future ecosystem properties, demand the testing of this assumption. Vegetation resurvey databases across gradients of land use and environmental change, complemented by rigorous experiments, offer a means to test for interactions between land‐use legacies and multiple environmental changes. Implementing these tests in the context of a trait‐based framework will allow biologists to synthesize compositional and functional ecosystem responses. This will further our understanding of the importance of land‐use legacies in determining future ecosystem properties, and soundly inform conservation and restoration management actions.     

Strong between‐site variation in New Caledonian crows’ use of hook‐tool‐making materials

Functional tool use requires the selection of appropriate raw materials. New Caledonian crows Corvus moneduloides are known for their extraordinary tool‐making behaviour, including the crafting of hooked stick tools from branched vegetation. We describe a surprisingly strong between‐site difference in the plant materials used by wild crows to manufacture these tools: crows at one study site use branches of the non‐native shrub Desmanthus virgatus, whereas only approximately 7 km away, birds apparently ignore this material in favour of the terminal twigs of an as‐yet‐unidentified tree species. Although it is likely that differences in local plant communities drive this striking pattern, it remains to be determined how and why crows develop such strong site‐specific preferences for certain raw materials.     

Facile construction of mutations in Haemophilus ducreyi using lacZ as a counter-selectable marker

Haemophilus ducreyi is a Gram-negative bacterium which is the causative agent of chancroid, an ulcerative sexually transmitted disease. In order to understand the pathogenesis of H. ducreyi disease, studies designed to identify potential virulence determinants and construct mutants deficient in the elaboration of these determinants have been undertaken in several laboratories. At the present time, construction of isogenic mutants is accomplished by electroporation of linearized DNA containing insertionally inactivated H. ducreyi genes followed by selection for the resistance marker encoded on the inactivated gene. In our experience, certain mutants are difficult to construct using this procedure. In the construction of strains containing lacZ as a reporter gene, we observed that the growth of lacZ expressing H. ducreyi was inhibited in the presence of X-gal. We have exploited this observation to develop a new strategy for the construction of isogenic H. ducreyi mutants.     

山岳型风景旅游区生态负荷与环境建设研究:泰山实证分析

运用旅游生态学原理和方法,提出了测算山岳型风景旅游区生态负荷综合分级指数的8项1级指标和6项2级指标及计算模式。以泰山风景旅游区为案例进行了应用研究,将13个地块单元(功能区)按生态负荷强度大小划分为3级,并依据可持续发展理论提出了强负荷区生态补偿的方案,为山岳型风景旅游区寻求环境与旅游经济活动的协调发展提供可借鉴的研究方案和具体措施.