Ocean current variability and the spawning season of Hawaiian reef fishes

Synopsis The spawning patterns of four Hawaiian reef fishes with similar reproductive habits, but different biogeographic distributions were studied from September 1980 to October 1981. Two species are Hawaiian endemics [Centropyge potteri (Pomacanthidae) and Chaetodon multicinctus (Chaetodontidae)] and the other two have pan-tropical Pacific distributions [Ctenochaetus strigosus and Zebrasoma flavescens (Acanthuridae)]. All showed increased spawning activity from January to July, the prevalent pattern among a majority of coastal marine fishes in Hawaii. Environmental correlatives to the period of peak reproduction include cycles of (a) daylight length and temperature which probably function as proximate cues and (b) seasonal variations in ocean current patterns which may ultimately affect survival of larvae and dispersal. Peak reproduction takes place during months when (1) mesoscale eddies most likely occur, and (2) the probability is greatest of drifting objects remaining near the islands.     

The habitat diversity and fish reproductive function of floodplain ecosystems

Synopsis Fish reproduction in floodplain ecosystems, based on relative abundance and total biomass of 0+ juveniles, was studied using the synchronic approach to typological analysis in conjunction with Point Abundance Sampling by modified electrofishing. In 3 different flood plains of the Upper Rhône River, 1015 point samples yielding 4573 juveniles (0+) from 21 species were collected from 48 ecosystems of various geomorphological origin. The results demonstrate the lotic-to-lentic succession of floodplain ecosystems to be a series of non-sequential reproductive zones, with spawning conditions being reflected by the specific composition and guild structure of the YOY fish assemblages. The habitat diversity and the fish reproductive potential of floodplain ecosystems are strongly influenced by geomorphological origin and by past and present hydrological conditions. The YOY assemblages of autogenically driven ecosystems (usually of anastomose or meander origin) tend to differ both in composition and in quantity from those found in allogenically driven ecosystems (generally of braided origin). Ecosystems of intermediate character, and fish reproduction thereof, occur as the result of either ecosystem rejuvenation or senescence: autogenically driven ecosystems by allogenic mechanisms, or allogenically driven ecosystems by anthropic and/or autogenic mechanisms, respectively. Because of co-occurrence of ecosystems at similar and at different successional status, the flood plain as an entity is seen as stable with respect to fish reproduction.     

Improving multispecies rocky reef fish censuses by counting different groups of species using different procedures

Synopsis A number of factors can influence the accuracy and precision of underwater visual transect techniques. Among these are observer swimming speed and, during multispecies surveys, the effect of counting all fishes on estimates of particular species. This paper examines the effect of these factors on population estimates of inconspicuous fishes (defined as Type 1) in a temperate reef fish assemblage near Sydney, Australia. Counting Type 1 fishes with all others yielded significantly lower estimates of species richness and abundance than when counted alone. This suggests that multispecies surveys should be split into 2 or more counts, using a census procedure that is appropriate to the group of species cencused. Further, the effect of counting all other fishes on estimates of Type 1 fishes varied according to the relative abundance of the former: their effect was lowest when abundance of other fishes was lowest. There was a negative relationship between observer speed and estimated abundance for Type 1 fishes. Survey precision of Type 1 fishes was generally improved by surveying at slower observer speeds.     

云南蝗虫一新属新种：直翅目：斑腿蝗科

本文记述采自云南省瑞丽地区蝗虫新属龙川蝗属Longchuanacris gen.nov.及新种巨尾片龙川蝗 L.macrofurculus sp.nov.该新属近似于 Pseudogerunda Bey-Bienko.主要区别为前胸背板侧片后缘极凹入;前翅到达第一腹节背板的后缘;后足股节下膝侧片顶刺状:后足附节第3节长度为第1、2节长度之和;雄性腹部末节背板具尾片。     

福建省数种杯叶科吸虫研究及一新属三新种的叙述(鸮形目:杯叶科)

杯叶科是食鱼的爬行类、鸟类、哺乳类寄生的吸虫。本文修订了以往在福建报道的虫种,叙述了一个新属三个新种,取消了前此所定的一个属及种[Tangiella parovipara(Faust and Tang,1938)],认为是存疑的种。本文还报道了盖前冠吸虫 Prosostephanus Tubangu,1922的终末宿主河獭,从而作者(Tang,1941)完成了其生活史的研究。本文比较了从河獭所得的标本与从描、犬所获标本各器官的测量数据,发现由最佳的终末宿住所得标本,其个体及各器官和卵子的测量数据均较大。     

云南西部狭臀蚤属四新种记述：蚤目：多毛蚤科

本文报告云南西部狭臀蚤属Steni(?)chia 4新种:1)金氏狭臀蚤,新种 S.chini sp.nov.与锐额狭臀蚤 S.angustifrontalis Xie et Gong接近;2)李氏狭臀蚤,新种 S.liae sp.nov.与金氏狭臀蚤新种和锐额狭臀蚤接近;3)柳氏狭臀蚤,新种 S.liui sp.nov.与李氏狭臀蚤新种和高山狭臀蚤S.montanis xie et Gong接近。4)吴氏狭臀蚤,新种 S.wui sp.nov.与卢氏狭臀蚤 S.lewis Smit接近。本文认论了李氏狭臀蚤新种与金氏狭臀蚤新种的形态分类及本属蚤类的宿主等生态问題,并编制本属14种的检索表。     

小蜉属小蜉亚属一新种：蜉蝣目：小蜉科

本文记述小蜉属小蜉亚属 subgenus Ephemerella Walsh 一新种,小蜉亚属种类多,全世界已知有40种左右,广布于北美、苏联、日本等国,但中国尚未发现,因此本文也是小蜉亚属在中国的首次报道。     

珠恙螨属一新种：真螨目：恙螨科

本文描述1个珠恙螨属 Doloisia一新种,采自广东省罗定县社鼠 Rattus confucianus 鼻内,其感器双角状,盾板后侧毛的分枝长密,前侧毛光裸;足指数795。     

刺脉实蝇族一新属三新种(双翅目:实蝇科)

本文记述刺脉实蝇族Acanthinevrini一新属三新种,即墨实蝇属Cyaforma gen. nov., 神峨墨实蝇C.shenonica sp.nov., 西藏川实蝇 Ortalotrypeta tibeta sp.nov., 单鬃川实蝇 O.singula sp.nov。     

长江中游鱼类寄生棘头虫区系的研究

经过3年10次调查,剖检湖北省宜都、黄冈两处江段所产72种鱼类,共计766尾。收集棘头虫10种,其中包括2新种和1新组合,即蛇鮈新棘吻虫(新种)Neoechinorhynchus saurogobi sp.nov.,长江丽棘虫(新种)Brentisentis yangtzensis sp.nov.(Illiosontidae),鲤丽棘虫(新组合)B.cyprini comb.nov.。对长江中游鱼类寄生棘头虫区系的特点进行了分析和探讨。