西双版纳热带季节雨林的粗死木质残体及其养分元素

对西双版纳热带季节雨林的粗死木质残体及养分元素贮量进行了研究。结果表明,西双版纳热带季节雨林粗死木质残体的贮量为16.2 t·hm^-2,约占地上活体生物量的4%左右。其中枯立木占32.5%,倒木占33.2%,倒木残体占12.6%,大枝占21.7%。本研究的粗死木质残体贮量低于巴西和东南亚的热带雨林,处于全球热带雨林的下限。粗死木质残体的氮、磷、钾、钙、镁5种元素的贮量分别为61.8、3.4、30.4、118.3和16.5 kg·hm^-2。其中倒木所占比例最大,为31.9%～44.8%;枯立木次之（21.5%～28.7%）;倒木残体占10.3%～25.5%;3个径级的大枝占14.4%～28.9%。枯立木的C/N、C/P和N/P要高于倒木、倒木残体和大枝。     

目标教学法在护理教学查房中的应用价值分析

目的:探讨目标教学法在护理教学查房中的临床应用价值,以培养护生的临床思维能力,并且提高实践工作能力。方法:选取我院2014年5月~2014年9月在急诊科实习的护生120人为研究对象,在实习之初,按照随机的原则将其分为观察组与对照组,每组60人。在查房中,观察组实施目标教学法,对照组实施常规护理教学法。实习结束后,调查两组护生对查房时教学与课堂效果的满意程度,记录两组护生病历书写的质量以及在实习结束后,通过考核,统计两组护生的在理论成绩、基础护理成绩、专科护理成绩以及护理综合技能方面的成绩,然后对所得到的数据进行统计,以探讨目标教学法在护理教学查房中的临床应用价值。结果:从查房时教学的满意程度及对课堂效果的满意程度来看,观察组都高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组病历书写优良的人数为48,优良率为80%,高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组护生的理论成绩、基础护理成绩、专科护理成绩及护理综合技能的成绩均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:目标教学法是一种科学、合理并且适合时代发展要求的新型教学法,应用于护理教学查房中,能提高护生的主动性,激发护生的学习兴趣,充分发掘其潜能,做到理论与实际的结合,从而提高学习者的自身能力,值得临床推广应用。     

南京地区12种常绿阔叶树种冬季抗寒性动态变化

选取南京地区露地引种的12种常绿阔叶树种,借助电导法对其抗寒性进行研究,结果表明:12种常绿树种在2003年与2005年冬季期间,抗寒能力高低排序具有很好的一致性与重复性.12种常绿树种在2005年10月至2006年3月期间随冬季低温诱导进行其抗寒能力呈逐渐增强趋势,其中在1月中旬树种抗寒能力均达到最强,而通常在10月份或3月份期间树种抗寒能力最弱.比较而言,12种常绿阔叶树种对冬季低温条件响应的快慢程度各有差异,其中樟科的香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)、浙江樟(Cinnamomum japonicum)属于低温快速响应型,而冬青科的冬青(Ilex purpurea)、大叶冬青(Ilex latifolia)属于低温滞缓响应型,其余树种为正常响应型.12种常绿阔叶树种试验所得抗寒能力结果与引种地冬季观察结果具有很好的对应性.研究结果可为常绿阔叶树种进一步向较高纬度地区的引种与栽培管理工作提供重要的参考.     

Role of a reaction coordinate in free energy calculations

Abstract

The free energy calculation method emerges as a viable technique for ‘in-silico’ calorimetry. Efficient sampling techniques and the good choice of a reaction path connecting the reactant and the product state enable accurate computations of the free energy differences. We argue that in many cases the thermodynamic integration technique has the lowest variance when the transformation between the reactant and the product state proceeds along the natural path of the studied chemical reaction. We provide examples of free energy calculations for the fragmentation of the charged clusters and the swapping reaction of oligomer formation in proteins that follow a tentative reaction mechanism.     

鼎突多刺蚁脑部组织切片方法初探及其脑部结构

膜翅目昆虫蚂蚁具有明显的多态现象,社会性生活中的分工亦非常明确。而作为蚁科中的鼎突多刺蚁还有着较高的药用保健价值。因此对其神经系统的研究有着重要的生物学意义。但蚂蚁脑部坚硬的外骨骼使得对其的组织学切片有一定难度。本试验即对鼎突多刺蚁的脑部组织切片方法进行了摸索和研究。     

Four new limonoids from the seeds of Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss.

Two new C-15 enolic acyl phragmalin-type limonoid orthoesters (1-2) which possessed a C-15-propionyl phragmalin skeleton and two new mexicanolide-type limonoids (3-4) were isolated from the ethanol extract of seeds of Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) exciton chirality method. Additionally, all of the compounds were screened against three human tumor cell lines MCF-7, SMMC-7721, and U2OS.     

Generation of a transgenic mouse model with chondrocyte-specific and tamoxifen-inducible expression of Cre recombinase

Postnatal cartilage development and growth are regulated by key growth factors and signaling molecules. To fully understand the function of these regulators, an inducible and chondrocyte-specific gene deletion system needs to be established to circumvent the perinatal lethality. In this report, we have generated a transgenic mouse model (Col2a1-CreER(T2)) in which expression of the Cre recombinase is driven by the chondrocyte-specific col2a1 promoter in a tamoxifen-inducible manner. To determine the specificity and efficiency of the Cre recombination, we have bred Col2a1-CreER(T2) mice with Rosa26R reporter mice. The X-Gal staining showed that the Cre recombination is specifically achieved in cartilage tissues with tamoxifen-induction. In vitro experiments of chondrocyte cell culture also demonstrate the 4-hydroxy tamoxifen-induced Cre recombination. These results demonstrate that Col2a1-CreER(T2) transgenic mice can be used as a valuable tool for an inducible and chondrocyte-specific gene deletion approach.     

The politics of valuation and payment for regenerative medicine products in the UK

The field of regenerative medicine (RM) faces many challenges, including funding. Framing the analysis in terms of institutional politics, valuation studies and “technologies of knowledge”, the paper highlights growing debates about payment for RM in the UK, setting this alongside escalating policy debates about “value”. We draw on interviews and publicly available material to identify the interacting and conflicting positions of institutional stakeholders. It is concluded that while there is some common ground between institutional stakeholders such as industry and health system gatekeepers, there is significant conflict about reward systems, technology assessment methodologies and payment scenarios; a range of mostly conditional payment schemes and non-mainstream routes are being experimented with. We argue that current developments highlight a fundamental conflict between a concern for the societal value of medical technologies in a resource-limited system and a concern for engineering new reward and payment models to accommodate RM innovations.     

Analysis of deoxynivalenol and de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol in animal tissues by liquid chromatography after clean-up with an immunoaffinity column

Mycotoxin Research - A method for the determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its metabolite de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol (de-epoxy-DON) in blood serum, urine, faeces/digesta and bile fluid is...