四川天南星属(天南星科)一新种——川西南星

描述了四川西部天南星属(天南星科)植物一新种,即川西天南星.     

卢氏凤仙花（Impatiens lushiensis Y.L.Chen）的新模式指定

由于卢氏凤仙花Impatiens lushiensis Y.L.Chen[=Impatiens heterosepala S.Y.Wang（1988）non J.D.Hook.（1924）]的主模式和副模式全部遗失,在此指定了卢氏凤仙花的新模式。     

不同ω-3/ω-6构成比的配伍红花籽油对SH-SY5Y细胞氧化损伤的预防效应

探讨不同ω-3/ω-6构成比的配伍红花籽油(Compatibility Safflower Seed Oil,CSSO)预防神经细胞氧化损伤的作用。通过过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)氧自由基供体诱导,建立人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞氧化损伤模型;以不同浓度和ω-3/ω-6构成比的CSSO进行细胞药物干预,利用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(methyl thiazolyltetrazolium,MTT)和流式细胞仪检测细胞活力变化和细胞凋亡率。我们建立了H2O2诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞氧化损伤模型,其IC50值为1089.54μmol/L H2O2;随着ω-3相对含量递减,CSSO预防细胞氧化损伤的效应增加,且当ω-3/ω-6比例为1∶6.68和有效浓度范围为375～750μg CSSO/mL时,其药物干预组细胞活力(84.1%)显著高于模型组(61.1%),而药物干预组细胞凋亡率(12.6%)明显低于模型组(25.9%)。从以上结果可以推测,CSSO能够保护细胞并预防氧自由基诱导的细胞损伤,其效果可能与CSSO中ω-3/ω-6构成比密切相关。     

鸡ICV法的改建与NPY注射试验

目的：在参考Davis等建立的侧脑室注射（ICV）法的基础上,建立鸡ICV法。方法：利用改建的鸡ICV法研究梯度注射神经肽Y（NPY,2．5p．g／bird和5μg／bird）对鸡采食量的影响。结果：ICV套管安装手术的成功率为88％（37／42）,注射成功率为64％（23／36）;NPY可显著提高注射后1～4h和24h鸡的采食量（P〈0．05）,提高幅度在6．88%（5μg／bird,注射后24h）-138．95％（注射后1h）之间,注射后3h内,采食量随注射剂量增加而增加。结论：本研究建立的鸡ICV注射法是适用的,NPY是鸡重要的诱食因子之一,利用建立的ICV法,2．5μg／bird的外源性NPY就足以使鸡产生采食反应,为今后进一步开展鸡行为学研究提供方法和依据。     

The arcuate nucleus and neuropeptide Y contribute to the antitumorigenic effect of calorie restriction

Calorie restriction (CR) is known to have profound effects on tumor incidence. A typical consequence of CR is hunger, and we hypothesized that the neuroendocrine response to CR might in part mediate CR's antitumor effects. We tested CR under appetite suppression using two models: neuropeptide Y (NPY) knockout mice and monosodium glutamate-injected mice. While CR was protective in control mice challenged with a two-stage skin carcinogenesis model, papilloma development was neither delayed nor reduced by CR in the monosodium glutamate-treated and NPY knockout mice. Adiponectin levels were also not increased by CR in the appetite-suppressed mice. We propose that some of CR's beneficial effects cannot be separated from those imposed on appetite, and that NPY neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus are involved in the translation of reduced intake to downstream physiological and functional benefits.     

Expression of P2Y receptors in the rat anterior pituitary

In this study, the distribution patterns of P2Y₁, P2Y₂ P2Y₄, P2Y₆, P2Y₁₂, and P2Y₁₃ receptors in the anterior pituitary cells of rat were studied with double-labeling immunofluorescence and Western blot. The results showed that P2Y receptors were widely expressed in the anterior pituitary. P2Y₁ and P2Y₄ receptors were found to be expressed in the majority of gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs, P2Y₂ receptors were expressed in a small subpopulation of lactotrophs and almost all the folliculo-stellate cells, that were also stained with S100 protein immunoreactivity. P2Y₆ receptors were expressed in macrophages. P2Y₁₃ receptors were expressed in a small subpopulation of cells in the rat anterior pituitary, the identity of which needs to be clarified. P2Y₁ and P2Y₄ receptors are co-expressed in some gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs. Corticotrophs and somatotrophs were found not to express P2Y receptors in this study. FSH and TSH were shown to coexist in the same endocrine cells in rat anterior pituitary. The present data suggests that purines and/or pyrimidines could be involved in regulating the functions of gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs via P2Y₁ and P2Y₄ receptors, some lactotrophs via P2Y₂ receptors, and folliculo-stellate cells via P2Y₂ receptors in the rat anterior pituitary.     

Decarbonylated cyclophilin A Cpr1 protein protects <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</Emphasis> KNU5377Y when exposed to stress induced by menadione

Cyclophilins are conserved cis–trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that are implicated in protein folding and function as molecular chaperones. The accumulation of Cpr1 protein to menadione in Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377Y suggests a possibility that this protein may participate in the mechanism of stress tolerance. Stress response of S. cerevisiae KNU5377Y cpr1Δ mutant strain was investigated in the presence of menadione (MD). The growth ability of the strain was confirmed in an oxidant-supplemented medium, and a relationship was established between diminishing levels of cell rescue enzymes and MD sensitivity. The results demonstrate the significant effect of CPR1 disruption in the cellular growth rate, cell viability and morphology, and redox state in the presence of MD and suggest the possible role of Cpr1p in acquiring sensitivity to MD and its physiological role in cellular stress tolerance. The in vivo importance of Cpr1p for antioxidant-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) neutralization and chaperone-mediated protein folding was confirmed by analyzing the expression changes of a variety of cell rescue proteins in a CPR1-disrupted strain. The cpr1Δ to the exogenous MD showed reduced expression level of antioxidant enzymes, molecular chaperones, and metabolic enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)- or adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-generating systems. More importantly, it was shown that cpr1Δ mutant caused imbalance in the cellular redox homeostasis and increased ROS levels in the cytosol as well as mitochondria and elevated iron concentrations. As a result of excess ROS production, the cpr1Δ mutant provoked an increase in oxidative damage and a reduction in antioxidant activity and free radical scavenger ability. However, there was no difference in the stress responses between the wild-type and the cpr1Δ mutant strains derived from S. cerevisiae BY4741 as a control strain under the same stress. Unlike BY4741, KNU5377Y Cpr1 protein was decarbonylated during MD stress. Decarbonylation of Cpr1 protein in KNU5377Y strain seems to be caused by a rapid and efficient gene expression program via stress response factors Hsf1, Yap1, and Msn2. Hence, the decarbonylated Cpr1 protein may be critical in cellular redox homeostasis and may be a potential chaperone to menadione.     

应用两种方法诱导SH-SY5Y细胞分化的研究

目的：观察全反式维甲酸（ATRA）处理和ATRA与十四烷酰佛波醇乙酸酯（TPA）序贯处理（ATRA/TPA）对人类神经母细胞瘤细胞系SH-SY5Y细胞增殖抑制和形态分化的影响。方法：应用10μM ATRA处理6天和10μM ATRA处理3天继以80 nMTPA处理3天这两种方法使SH-SY5Y细胞分化;用倒置光学显微镜动态观察SH-SY5Y细胞形态学变化;并用MTT比色法比较两种分化方法对SH-SY5Y细胞的体外抗增殖作用。结果：ATRA处理和ATRA与TPA序贯处理对SH-SY5Y细胞都有抗增值和诱导细胞分化作用,细胞形态发生明显的变化,分化成神经元表型,前者主要表现为两端带有长突起的纺锤体样细胞形态,而后者主要是由细胞体延伸出多个突起的多边形的细胞。ATRA分化6天的细胞的存活率下降为78.7%±2.0%。当去除ATRA后,继续培养1天的细胞存活率上升为89%±0.2%,而继续培养2天的细胞存活率为86.3%±1.4%;ATRA与TPA序贯分化6天细胞存活率下降为75.9±0.4%。当去除TPA后,继续培养一天的细胞存活率为75.5±0.7%,继续培养2天的细胞存活率为74.9±1.0%。结论：维甲酸（ATRA）处理和ATRA与十四烷酰佛波醇乙酸酯（TPA）序贯处理（ATRA/TPA）均能明显诱导SH-SY5Y细胞分化。这两种分化细胞为神经科学的研究提供了优良的体外培养模型细胞,尤其是ATRA与TPA序贯处理能获得分化完全而稳定的神经元样细胞。     

应用两种方法诱导SH-SY5Y 细胞分化的研究

目的:观察全反式维甲酸(ATRA)处理和ATRA与十四烷酰佛波醇乙酸酯(TPA)序贯处理(ATRA/TPA)对人类神经母细胞瘤细胞系SH-SY5Y细胞增殖抑制和形态分化的影响。方法:应用10μM ATRA处理6天和10μM ATRA处理3天继以80 nMTPA处理3天这两种方法使SH-SY5Y细胞分化;用倒置光学显微镜动态观察SH-SY5Y细胞形态学变化;并用MTT比色法比较两种分化方法对SH-SY5Y细胞的体外抗增殖作用。结果:ATRA处理和ATRA与TPA序贯处理对SH-SY5Y细胞都有抗增值和诱导细胞分化作用,细胞形态发生明显的变化,分化成神经元表型,前者主要表现为两端带有长突起的纺锤体样细胞形态,而后者主要是由细胞体延伸出多个突起的多边形的细胞。ATRA分化6天的细胞的存活率下降为78.7%±2.0%。当去除ATRA后,继续培养1天的细胞存活率上升为89%±0.2%,而继续培养2天的细胞存活率为86.3%±1.4%;ATRA与TPA序贯分化6天细胞存活率下降为75.9±0.4%。当去除TPA后,继续培养一天的细胞存活率为75.5±0.7%,继续培养2天的细胞存活率为74.9±1.0%。结论:维甲酸(ATRA)处理和ATRA与十四烷酰佛波醇乙酸酯(TPA)序贯处理(ATRA/TPA)均能明显诱导SH-SY5Y细胞分化。这两种分化细胞为神经科学的研究提供了优良的体外培养模型细胞,尤其是ATRA与TPA序贯处理能获得分化完全而稳定的神经元样细胞。     

人类Y染色体回文序列紧邻核苷酸的语言特征

人类基因组Y染色体回文序列具有非常特殊的对称结构,容纳了许多控制着睾丸发育的基因,破译其结构与所隐含的遗传信息成为生物信息学家们的机遇和挑战.利用语言学中Zipf定律的方法分析了Y染色体八个回文序列(P1～P8)中紧邻核苷酸的频率及其关联度的分布特征。用数学模型进行了精确地描述,发现紧邻核苷酸的频率分布并不满足Zipf定律,而满足三次多项式分布及紧邻核苷酸关联度的分布,满足逆函数分布,这些特征是人类Y染色体回文序列长期进化的结果。