动物学实验教学改革的初步探索

介绍了动物学实验教学的改革,包括编好实验讲义,改变实验类型,改进实验教学环节,采取开放实验室,利用野外实习和改革实验考核方法等措施,来促进实验教学效果,提高学生的综合能力和创新能力。     

Requirements for peptidyl-prolyl isomerization activity: a comprehensive mutational analysis of the substrate-binding cavity of FK506-binding protein 12

Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity is exhibited by many proteins belonging to the PPIase family. However, the catalytic mechanism of this activity remains to be completely elucidated. Here, we selected human FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12) as the model PPIase and investigated the nature of amino acid residues essential for the activity. The crystal structures of several complexes of PPIase with short peptides revealed that the residues Asp37, Arg42, Phe46, Val55, Trp59, and Tyr82 in the substrate-binding cavity of FKBP12 appear to play key roles in the PPIase activity. Each of these six residues was substituted by 20 common amino acid residues. The activity of each mutant protein was measured using a peptide analog by the chymotrypsin digestion assay and then compared with wild-type FKBP12. It was found that site-specific interactions by the side chains of amino acid residues constituting the substrate-binding cavity were not essential for the PPIase activity, although the 37th, 55th, and 82nd amino acid residues significantly contributed to the activity. This suggests that the PPIase activity requires only the hydrophobic cavity that captures the Pro-containing peptide.     

动物学实验教学改革探索

介绍了动物学实验教学的改革,包括整合实验教学内容、改进教学方法和教学手段、采取开放实验室、充分利用野外实习和改革实验考核方法等措施,以促进实验教学效果,提高学生综合素质。     

小麦品种对麦长管蚜抗性的模糊综合决策

应用50个小麦品种对麦长管蚜抗性鉴定指标值进行模糊统计回归分析,提出了品种自然感蚜量、蚜虫在品种上的累积存活率、平均发育历期、产仔率、内禀增长率(r_m)及品种耐害性等抗性指标的模糊隶属函数,建立了品种抗性的模糊综合决策模型。对10个品种的抗蚜性综合决策结果表明,陕167的综合抗蚜性最强,83(37)65、(87)113、82246次之,小偃6号最差。同时,综合型决策模型的决策结果最优,精度高,保留较多信息。     

玉米品种耐阴性指标的筛选与评价

采用大田试验,研究了24个玉米品种在50%遮光处理下的形态、生理与产量性状的变化.结果表明：与自然光照相比,遮光处理后,玉米的株高降低,茎粗减小,雌雄间隔期延长,净光合速率减小,比叶重减小,地上部干物质量减少,果穗缩短变细,穗轴直径减小,行粒数减少,籽粒产量显著降低,其中雌雄间隔期、净光合速率、比叶重和行粒数变化的百分率与地上部干物质量和籽粒产量减少的百分率之间呈显著或极显著相关,可作为田间鉴定玉米耐阴性的有效指标.采用综合耐阴性状作为评价参数,经聚类分析表明,郑单958、浚单20、登海602等14个品种属耐阴型品种,安玉12、豫玉22等10个品种属非耐阴型品种.表明以形态、生理指标结合产量性状来评价玉米耐阴性较为客观,且简单易行.     

冀中北小麦品种抗旱性筛选研究

干旱是华北地区小麦生产的重要限制因素,从推广小麦品种中鉴定和筛选抗旱品种,对稳定小麦产量、降低区域水分消耗具有重要意义.本研究以近年来在河北省中北部审定、推广的13个小麦品种为材料,设置冬后浇2水(D2处理)、浇1水(D1处理)和不浇水(D0处理)3种处理方式,进行了大田条件下的抗旱品种筛选试验.结果表明,在D0处理时...     

9个山茶品种对高温胁迫的光合生理响应及其耐热性综合评价

【目的】山茶的花型和花色丰富、花期长,其耐热性日益受到关注,筛选合适的评价方法和指标可为山茶属植物耐热性鉴定、种质发掘和新品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】以耐热性较强的单体红山茶和‘串花瀑布’为对照,7个自育束花茶花新品种为试验对象,采用瓶插方法,在短期(5 h)和长期(7 d)高温(42℃/35℃)处理后,考察各品种形态及光合生理标指标的变化,并综合评价其耐热性。【结果】(1)‘垂枝粉玉’和‘串花瀑布’在高温胁迫下叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素a/b、净光合速率(P_n)和气孔导度(G_s)均上升,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ潜在活性(F_v/F_o)和电子传递速率(ETR)维持在较高水平,且长期高温胁迫后均未出现热害。‘金叶粉玉’、‘上植华章’和‘玫瑰春’在高温胁迫下P_n和G_s均显著降低,而C_i升高,‘金叶粉玉’和‘上植华章’的F_v/F_m     

水氮耦合对辣木生长特性的影响

辣木(Moringa oleifera)具有重要的经济价值.土壤水分及氮素有效性对辣木生长具有显著影响.以辣木'PKM I'品种为研究材料,于华南农业大学资源环境学院生态学教学实验基地温室内进行盆栽试验,试验设置3个水分:分别为田间饱和持水量的40％(W1)、60％(W2)、80％(W3),以及4个氮水平:0 g ?株...     

The evaluation of environmental capacity: Evidence in Hunan province of China

Environmental capacity paves the foundation for sustainable economic development. As the vital growth pole in the Rise Strategy of Central China, the environmental and economic construction of Hunan province proves to have enormous demonstration effect. In order to better understand the environmental condition in Hunan province, this study combines the information entropy theory and ecological comprehensive index to measure the environmental capacity of 14 administration divisions in Hunan province and 30 provinces across China in 2013. The results indicate that, first of all, the average environmental capacity of 14 administration divisions in Hunan province is relatively lower, i.e., 0.39. Second, Chang-Zhu-Tan city cluster in Hunan province exerts limited radiative and guiding effect on its surroundings; in particular, Xiangtan possesses a notably lower environmental capacity than other two cities, which hampers the integration process. Third, among the four types of environmental capacities concerned, i.e., population capacity, land capacity, resource capacity and waste assimilative capacity, waste assimilative capacity takes up the biggest weight, i.e., 0.31, indicating the most important role in environmental improvement. Finally, the environmental capacity of Hunan province ranks the 24th among the 30 provinces in China and the last in central China. Hunan should pay special attention to the expansion of waste assimilate capacity, so as to promote the overall environmental capacity.     

Investigations on the surveys of office environments and the total evaluation method—IAQ-Index

1. 1. A comprehensive study was made to establish evaluation methods for better office environments.

2. 2. In our study, measurements of thermal, acoustic, lighting, airflow and air quality conditions in indoor environments were made as well as questionnaire to the occupants on the evaluations of indoor environments and the feeling of fatigue.

3. 3. We also made an attempt to rate the evaluation value based on concepts and standards to evaluate totally office environments in a view point of “the office environments where people can work healthy and vigorously”. The evaluation values were called IAQ-index.