黄泥河林区鼠类群落演替的研究

本文研究了吉林省黄泥河林区5个次生植被类型的鼠类群落结构和生物量的变化。原始针阔混交林采伐后,大林姬鼠数量减少,棕背(鼠平)数量增加,黑线姬鼠侵入。形成次生阔叶林和人工落叶松林后,鼠类群落仍为原始针阔混交林中的大林姬鼠+棕背(鼠平)群落类型。人工红松林的形成使棕背(鼠平)数最明显减少,成为大林姬鼠群落。森林开垦成农田,相应形成黑线姬鼠+大林姬鼠群落。草甸发展成草甸森林,鼠类群落由东方田鼠+棕背(鼠平)演变成棕背(鼠平)群落。并分析了环境因素对鼠类演替的影响。     

Biomass duration in growth models

To gain a better understanding of growth curve, biomass duration in several growth models, such as the exponential, linear, Gompertz, Mitscherlich, logistic, Richards and Bertalanffy, is formulated. Generally, biomass duration in these models can be given in two ways; thet- andw-representations. The latter representation, which can be defined as the summed value of reciprocal of relative growth rate with respect to biomass, gives a new significance to biomass duration. The utility of both representations is exemplified by the observed data of a fir. The idea of biomass duration is extended to get total amounts of anabolism and catabolism in the Bertalanffy model.     

The use of electromyography for the assessment of sense of muscular effort: a test–retest reliability study

This study sought to examine the test–retest reliability to measure sense of muscular effort with electromyography (EMG). The EMG activity of the tibialis anterior muscle from 23 participants was recorded. Targets of EMG amplitudes produced at 10 and 20% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) were calculated. Participants matched the target EMG level with and without visual feedback (FB). With NFB, the reliability was good to excellent when errors were represented as the average standard deviation (SD) of the error from the target (ICC_1,2 = 0.75 and 0.69 for 10 and 20% targets, respectively). Also, reliability was good when errors were presented as the average SD as a percentage of the MVC EMG (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC_1,2) = 0.67 and 0.66, respectively, for 10 and 20% targets). Standard deviation around the target was the most reliable method to represent the error. This approach could be used as a simple cost-effective method to assess the sense of muscular effort.     

A novel aspartic acid protease gene from pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus): Cloning,characterization and relation to postharvest chilling stress resistance

A full-length cDNA encoding a putative aspartic acid protease (AcAP1) was isolated for the first time from the flesh of pineapple (Ananas comosus) fruit. The deduced sequence of AcAP1 showed all the common features of a typical plant aspartic protease phytepsin precursor. Analysis of AcAP1 gene expression under postharvest chilling treatment in two pineapple varieties differing in their resistance to blackheart development revealed opposite trends. The resistant variety showed an up-regulation of AcAP1 precursor gene expression whereas the susceptible showed a down-regulation in response to postharvest chilling treatment. The same trend was observed regarding specific AP enzyme activity in both varieties. Taken together our results support the involvement of AcAP1 in postharvest chilling stress resistance in pineapple fruits.     

Disease-driven detection of differential inherited SNP modules from SNP network

Detection of the synergetic effects between variants, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), is crucial for understanding the genetic characters of complex diseases. Here, we proposed a two-step approach to detect differentially inherited SNP modules (synergetic SNP units) from a SNP network. First, SNP-SNP interactions are identified based on prior biological knowledge, such as their adjacency on the chromosome or degree of relatedness between the functional relationships of their genes. These interactions form SNP networks. Second, disease-risk SNP modules (or sub-networks) are prioritised by their differentially inherited properties in IBD (Identity by Descent) profiles of affected and unaffected sibpairs. The search process is driven by the disease information and follows the structure of a SNP network. Simulation studies have indicated that this approach achieves high accuracy and a low false-positive rate in the identification of known disease-susceptible SNPs. Applying this method to an alcoholism dataset, we found that flexible patterns of susceptible SNP combinations do play a role in complex diseases, and some known genes were detected through these risk SNP modules. One example is GRM7, a known alcoholism gene successfully detected by a SNP module comprised of two SNPs, but neither of the two SNPs was significantly associated with the disease in single-locus analysis. These identified genes are also enriched in some pathways associated with alcoholism, including the calcium signalling pathway, axon guidance and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. The integration of network biology and genetic analysis provides putative functional bridges between genetic variants and candidate genes or pathways, thereby providing new insight into the aetiology of complex diseases.     

草鱼体内肾细胞姐妹染色单体分化及交换的初步研究

本文确立了一个以草鱼体内肾细胞姐妹染色单体交换频率为指标的检测环境诱变或致癌物质的短期试验系统。采用硫堇-UV-Giemsa染色法,分析了草鱼体内肾细胞的SCD-2(注射BrdU后第二个细胞周期的中期分裂相的SCD)频率和SCE频率。用500微克/克体重BrdU体内标记5天,草鱼肾细胞SCD-2频率为8.58±0.22%;SCE频率为3.05±2.523 SCE_5/细胞。以丝裂霉素C(Mitomycin C,MMC)作为阳性对照,分析了化合物亚硝基胍(N-methyl-N~1-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,MNNG)和农药叶蝉散(Mipc)诱发SCE的能力。这项工作在评价水质污染方面将起一定的作用。     

果实生态学的概念、研究现状及研究方向

总结了果实生态学的概念及主要研究内容,对国内外的果实生态学研究领域的进展进行了综述,分析了这些研究尚存在的不足之处,并指出了未来研究的科学问题.迄今为止,果实生态学在果实与种子的关系、果实颜色与环境、果实化学成分与环境、群落果实构成式样的地理分布特征、果实及食果动物的协同进化等方面已经取得了若干进展.果实重量谱等物理性状的空间分异格局及机理、果实化学成分的时空变异格局、果实类型的组成式样及大尺度地理分布格局及其机制的探讨、果实传播与食果动物的协同进化等是未来亟待开展的工作.     

Preparation and partial characterization of a Lactobacillus lactis bacteriophage

High-titer lysates of a bacteriophage active against Lactobacillus lactis were prepared from liquid cultures as well as from areas of confluent lysis in soft-agar overlayers. Phage concentration and purification were accomplished by means of polyethylene glycol precipitation, differential centrifugation, and cesium chloride gradient centrifugation. The buoyant density of this phagein cesium chloride was 1.4795 g/ml. Characterization of phage growth cycle by one-step growth experiments under optimal conditions showed that the latent period was about 120 min, that the rise period lasted approx. 130 min, and that the average burst-size was about 80.Abbreviations p.f.u. plaque forming units - m.o.i. multiplicity of infection - PEG polyethylene glycol - SSC standard saline citrate solution     

Presence of Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors in the Rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance

The galangal (the rhizome of Alpinia officinarum, Hance) is popular in Asia as a traditional herbal medicine. The present study reports that the galangal extract (GE) can potently inhibit fatty-acid synthase (FAS, E.C.2.3.1.85). The inhibition consists of both reversible inhibition with an IC50 value of 1.73?μg?dried?GE/ml, and biphasic slow-binding inactivation. Subsequently the reversible inhibition and slow-binding inactivation to FAS were further studied. The inhibition of FAS by galangin, quercetin and kaempferol, which are the main flavonoids existing in the galangal, showed that quercetin and kaempferol had potent reversible inhibitory activity, but all three flavonoids had no obvious slow-binding inactivation. Analysis of the kinetic results led to the conclusion that the inhibitory mechanism of GE is totally different from that of some other previously reported inhibitors of FAS, such as cerulenin, EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) and C75.     

土壤原生动物群落及其生态功能

土壤原生动物是土壤微生物区系的重要组成部分。在土壤生态系统中 ,由于微生物与微动物的生命活动及其相互作用 ,从而形成了土壤的物质循环和能量转化。土壤原生动物既参与了微生物所介导的物质转化和能量循环 ,又参与了动物对微生物的捕食作用。由于原生动物具有丰富的种类和多样性以及巨大的生物量 ,所以土壤原生动物的群落及其生态功能 ,已引起了人们的广泛关注 ,并且研究理论与方法日益深入。但我国在这方面的研究报道较少 ,本文拟从群落与生态功能方面的进展做一概述。1　土壤原生动物的群落特征土壤与淡水原生动物最早是由Ａｎｔｏｎ…